11

TVL-AFA
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Agri-Crop Production NCII
Agri-Crop Production NCII: Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1-Module 4: Handle seeds / Planting materials

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Usec. Diosdado M. Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Diona T. Davis
Language Editors: Joeffrey E. Yee
Maria Louisa Sapotalo
Kinna C. Hijara
Reviewer: Symper M. Basiliote
Jasper P. Matuog
Layout Artist: Avit Czar G. Vinzon
Management Team: Arden D. Monisit
Nonale Q. Resoor
Susan T. Balbuena
Romel Victor A. Villahermosa

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Guihulngan City

Office Address: Osmeña Avenue, Poblacion, Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental

Telefax: (035) 4069, (035) 910-4066
E-mail Address: guihulngan.city@deped.gov.ph
 11

Agri-crop Production
NCII
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Performing Nursery Operations (PNO)
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Technical Vocational Livelihood Track (TVL) Grade 11 Learning

Module on Agri-crop production!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators to

assist teachers in helping learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, economic and health constraints due to pandemic (covid-
19).

The module enables learner to engage into independent learning and guided activities
at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed
21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains useful learning strategies that will
help you guide learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the TVL 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Learning Kit on Agri-crop

production!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be producing outputs
as you process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

i
This module has parts and icons that you need to know.

In this part, you will be able to know the things

What I Need to Know that you will learn in this module.

This is a test given to you to check how far you

What I Know know about the lesson to take.

This section gives activities that connect the

What’s In current lesson with the previous lesson.

This section gives an activity to present the new

topic. It also provides new concepts, skills
What’s New
insights for better learning.

This part elaborates further the content and

activity of the lessons for the learner to fully
What is It
understand.

This part provides dependent and independent

practices that will further enhance the learner’s
What’s More understanding on the topic. Correct answers of
the activities can be checked in the key answer
at the last part of the module.

ii
 This part gives the generalization of the lesson.
It somehow presents the important ideas of the
What I Have Learned
lesson presented in the module.

This section provides activities that will help the

learners internalize and apply the lesson he/she
What I Can Do
has learned into real-life situations.

This part evaluates the learner’s level of

Assessment mastery in achieving the learning objectives.

This part provides additional activities for

Additional Activities enrichment.

This section contains the correct answers of all

Answer Key the tests given in the module.

iii
Introduction
Agriculturists say that the most important factor are the following : How to handle
seeds and planting materials .

Ppp What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn to:

LO 2. Maintain Nursery Facilities

TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-Iid-f-17
3.2.Select quality seeds according to prescribed characteristics

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. enumerate the planting materials according to prescribed characteristics;

2. apply the steps in identifying the charateristics of a quality seed ; .and
3. realize the value of quality seeds according to prescribed characteristics.

1
 What II Know
What Know

Pre test! (Individual Work)

Directions: Read each item carefully. In this module you will answer through multiple
choice. Do this in a separate sheet of paper.
Remember, if you got perfect score skip this module however if you got 1 or
more mistakes continue this module.

1.It is a fertilized and ripened ovule which may develop into a plant by germination.

a.seed b.root c.flower d.plant

2. It is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity that is accompanied
with physiological soundness and health status.

a.seed quality b.root quality c.flower quality d.plant quality

3. It is the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert matter, diseased seed and insect
damaged seed.

a. physical quality b. mental quality c. outside quality d. inside quality

4.It is the true to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree from the seed should
resemble its mother in all aspects.

a.genetic purity b.physical quality

c.mental quality d.physiological quality

5. It is the actual expression of seed in further generation / multiplication.

a.physical quality b. genetic purity

c.mental quality d.physiological quality

6. health status of seed is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection,
in or on the seed.

a. seed health b. genetic purity

c.mental quality d.physiological quality

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7. Which of the following is not true about quality seed.

a. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic purity that is
accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.
b. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity
that is accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.
c. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required physical purity that is
accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.
d. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required size and weight.
8. Which of the following is true about physical quality of a seed .

a. Physical quality refers to the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert matter,
diseased seed and insect damaged seed.

b. Physical quality refers to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree from
the seed should resemble its mother in all aspects.

c. Physical quality refers to the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection, in or
on the seed.

d. Physical quality refers to the actual expression of seed in further generation /

multiplication.

9.Which of the following is true about genetic purity in a seed?

a. It is the true to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree from the seed
should resemble its mother in all aspect

b. It is the possession of seed with required physical purity that is accompanied with
physiological soundness and health status.

c. It is the possession of seed that is accompanied with physiological soundness and

health status.

d. It is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection, in or on the seed.

10. Which of the following is true about seed health ?

a. It is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection, in or on the seed.

b. Health status of seed is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection,
in or on the seed.

c. It is the actual expression of seed in further generation / multiplication.

d. It is the seedling / plant / tree from the seed should resemble its mother in all aspects.

11.Which among the given terms belong to the seed qualities ?

a. Physical Quality , Genetic purity , Physiological Quality and Seed Health

b. Mental quality , genetic cleanliness,phychological quality
c.Seed health , good quality , pure quality
d.Seed maturity , genetic quality and seed physical quality

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12. Which of the following does belong to the seed quality?

a. High genetic purity

b. High pure seed percentage ( physical purity)
c. High germinability
d. High seed quality

13. Which of the following does not belong to the seed quality?

a. Higher field establishment

b. Free from pest and disease
c. Good shape, size, colour etc., according to the specification of variety
d. High standard seed

14. Which of the following does not belong to the importance of quality seed ?

a.Ensures genetic and physical purity of the crops .

b.Gives desired plant population .
c.Capacity to withstand the adverse conditions .
d. Does not give good product.

15. Quality seedlings produced will be more vigourous, fast growing and can resist from
what ?

a.pest and disease incidence to certain extent

b.soil erosion and flood
c. too much heat
d.too much rain

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 What’s In

Activity 1. What are some examples of farm hygiene that has to be done by every farmers?

Directions: Write your answer on your notebook.

What’s New

Activity 1. K-W-L Recovery

Directions: Enumerate the planting materials according to prescribed

characteristics.Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.

Guide questions:
1.What are the planting materials according to prescribed characteristics?
2. What are the prescribed characteristics of a quality seed ?
3.What are those values that we can get in having those planting materials according
to quality seeds and prescribed characteristics ?

5
 What is it

Select quality seeds

* A seed is a fertilized and ripened ovule which may develop into a plant by germination.
Its primary function is for reproduction. Because of this, the vegetable grower must be
knowledgeable about seeds specially for planting purposes. He must be familiar with the
characteristics of good quality seeds such as being:
1. Viable which is the ability of the seed to germinate and continue its growth and development
until the reserved food has been consumed by the young plant.
2. Clean when there are no impurities or mixtures of any kind.
3.Free from seed-borne diseases
4. Free from damages .
5.Matured and plum .
6. True–to-type which means it carries the characteristics of the mother plant.
Securing Seeds
Usually local vegetable growers plant vegetable seeds that come their way without realizing
where they come from. This is also true of schools and parents at home who have interests
in planting. According to Calacala (1977), there are two ways of securing the seeds to be
planted: 1. Seeds can be bought from seed stores in the locality or ordered from reliable
seed producers. 2. Seeds can also be produced by farmers themselves for open pollinated
crops. In securing seeds to plant one must consider the quality of the product and make
sure that the seeds are adapted to the locality.
It would be a waste of time if one would plant seeds that are of low quality, not viable, or
not adapted to the place.
In the early years local vegetable growers used to produce their own seed stocks to plant
because of reasons such as:
 A supply of seeds is always made available.
 A higher percentage of germination is assured.
 Knowledge of the performance of the plant is present.
 An improvement of quality and quantity of the produce is possible However, there are also
disadvantages of producing your own seeds. Ordinary farmers may not possess the qualities
needed to produce good seeds.

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Some of the disadvantages are:
 Seed growing is an exacting work.
 It competes with the normal work in the nursery.
 It calls for knowledge of the principles of plant breeding.
 It calls for keen observation. Before seeds are sown or planted in the field they must be
tested to determine if these are viable, clean, true-to-type, disease free, and others. By doing
such, the grower will not entail losses in agricultural inputs, time, and energy. Seed testing is
the operation involved to determine whether or not the seeds are viable, clean, true-to-type,
and to find out the percentage of germination of seeds. This is performed to find out the
amount of seeds/seedlings to plant in a given area. In that case, sowing the right amount of
seeds will economize labor and expenses in re-planting.
Seed Quality

1. Importance of quality seed

2. Major seed quality characters
3. Characteristics of good quality seed

Seed is a basic input in agriculture. Strictly speaking seed is an embryo, a living

organism embedded in the supporting or the food storage tissue. In seed, the
importance is given to the biological existence whereas; in grain the importance is
given to the supporting tissue the economic produce.
As per Seed Act (1966) seed includes

 Seed of food crops including edible oil seeds and seeds of fruits & vegetables.
 Cotton seeds
 Seeds of cattle fodder
 Jute seeds
 Seedlings, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, roots, cuttings, all types of grafts and other
vegetatively propagated material for food crops (or) cattle fodder

Importance of quality seed

 Ensures genetic and physical purity of the crops .

 Gives desired plant population .
 Capacity to withstand the adverse conditions .
 Seedlings produced will be more vigourous, fast growing and can resist pest and
disease incidence to certain extent .
 Ensures uniform growth and maturity .
 Development of root system will be more efficient that aids absorption of
nutrients efficiently and result in higher yield.

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  It will respond well to added fertilizer and other inputs.
 Good quality seeds of improved varieties ensures higher yield atleast 10 – 12 % .

Major Seed Quality Characters

Seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity that
is accompanied with physiological soundness and health status. The major seed
quality characters are summarized as below.

1. Physical Quality: It is the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert
matter, diseased seed and insect damaged seed. The seed with physical quality
should have uniform size, weight, and colour and should be free from stones,
debris, and dust, leafs, twigs, stems, flowers, fruit well without other crop seeds
and inert material. It also should be devoid of shriveled, diseased mottled,
moulded, discoloured, damaged and empty seeds. The seed should be easily
identifiable as a species of specific category of specific species. Lack of this
quality character will indirectly influence the field establishment and planting
value of seed. This quality character could be obtained with seed lots by proper
cleaning and grading of seed (processing) after collection and before sowing /
storage.
2. Genetic purity: It is the true to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant /
tree from the seed should resemble its mother in all aspects. This quality
character is important for achieving the desired goal of raising the crop either
yield or for resistance or for desired quality factors.
3. Physiological Quality: It is the actual expression of seed in further generation /
multiplication. Physiological quality characters of seed comprises of seed
germination and seed vigour. The liveliness of a seed is known as viability. The
extent of liveliness for production of good seedling or the ability of seed for
production of seedling with normal root and shoot under favorable condition is
known as germinability.

4. Seed vigour is the energy or stamina of the seed in producing elite seedling. It is
the sum total of all seed attributes that enables its regeneration of under any
given conditions. Seed vigour determines the level of performance of seed or seed
lot during germination and seedling emergence. Seed which perform well at sowing
are termed as quality seed and based on the degree of performance in production of
elite seedling it is classified as high, medium and low vigour seed.

8
 The difference in seed vigour is the differential manifestation of the deteriorative
process occurring in the seed before the ultimate loss of ability to germinate.
Difference in seed vigour will be expressed in rate of emergence, uniformity of
emergence and loss of seed germination. Hence it is understood that all viable
seeds need not be germinable but all germinable seed will be viable. Similarly all
vigourous seeds will be germinable but all germinable seed need not be
vigourous. Physiological quality of seed could be achieved through proper
selection of seed (matured seed) used for sowing and by caring for quality
characters during extraction, drying and storage. Seed with good vigour is
preferable for raising a good plantation as the fruits, the economic come out are
to be realized after several years. Hence selection of seed based on seed vigour
is important for raising perfect finalize plantation.

5 Seed Health - Health status of seed is nothing but the absence of insect
infestation and fungal infection, in or on the seed. Seed should not be
infected with fungi or infested with insect pests as these will reduce the
physiological quality of the seed and also the physical quality of the seed
in long term storage. The health status of seed also includes the
deterioration status of seed which also expressed through low vigour
status of seed. The health status of seed influences the seed quality
characters directly and warrants their soundness in seed for the
production of elite seedlings at nursery / field.

Hence the quality seed should have

e. High genetic purity

f. High pure seed percentage ( physical purity)
g. High germinability
h. High vigour
i. Higher field establishment
j. Free from pest and disease
k. Good shape, size, colour etc., according to the specification of variety
l. High longevity / shelf life.
m. Optimum moisture content for storage
n. High market value

Characteristics of good quality seed

 Higher genetically purity:

o Breeder /Nucleus - 100%
o Foundation seed - 99.5%
o Certified seed - 99.0%

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 Higher physical purity for certification
o Maize , Bhendi - 99%
o All crops ( most) - 98%
o Carrot - 95%
o Sesame, soybean & jute - 97 %
o Ground nut - 96 %
 Possession of good shape, size, colour, etc., according to specifications of variety
 Higher physical soundness and weight
 Higher germination ( 90 to 35 % depending on the crop)
 Higher physiological vigour and stamina
 Higher storage capacity
 Free from other crop seeds ( Expressed in number /kg) - Other crop seeds are the
plants of cultivated crops found in the seed field and whose seed are so similar to
crop seed that is difficult to separate them economically by mechanical means.
Eg. Mixtures of Wheat, oats seeds in barley.
 It should be free from objectionable weed seeds -These are plants of weed
species which are harmful in one or more of the following ways.
o The size and shape of their seeds are so similar to that of the crop seed
that is difficult to remove their seed economically by mechanical means.
o Their growth habit is detrimental to the growing seed crop due to
competing effect.
o Their plant parts are poisonous or injurious to human and animal beings
o They serve as alternate hosts for crop pests and diseases.

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 It should be free from designated diseases - It refers to the diseases specified for
the certification of seeds and for which certification standards are to be met with
. These diseases would cause contamination, when they are present in the seed
field or with in the specified isolation distance ( eg. loose smut of wheat). For this
the the certification distance has been prescribed as 180 meters.

Crop Designated disease

Wheat Loose smut

Sorghum Grain smut, Kernel smut

Mustard Alternaria blight

Pearl millet Grain smut, Green ear Ergot

Sesame Leaf spot

Brinjal Little leaf

Chilies Anthracnose leaf blight, Leaf blight

Cucurbits Mosaic

Cowpea Anthracnose

Bhendi Yellow vein mosaic

Potato Brown rot , Root knot nematode

Tomato Early blight, Leaf spot

 It should have optimum moisture content for storage - Long term storage - 6 - 8
% , Short term storage - 10 - 13%
 It should have high market value

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Quality Characteristics
Trueness to variety; the presence of inert matter, seed of other crops, or weed seed;
germination percentage; vigor; appearance; and freedom from disease are important aspects
of seed quality. High-quality seed lots should meet minimum standards for each of these
characteristics.

What’s More

Activity 1:

Directions:Write your answers on your notebook.

I. Enumerate the planting materials according to prescribed characteristics.

Activity 2:

1 .In your own idea how important are planting materials according to prescribed
characteristics?

Activity 3: Skill-Analysis

Direction :Read and understand the questions carefully . Write your answers on your
notebook.

I. Write a certain situation that planting materials according to prescribed

characteristics can be observed or put into practice , base your answers on the
discussion .

Activity 4:

1. Why is it important for a farmer to consider quality seeds in planting according to

prescribed characteristics?
Give atleast five importance.

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 What I Have Learned

Activity: Hear Me
Direction: In the box, you are going to state your learnings on what you have
gained from this topic. Do not forget to write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.

.
I have learned that
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

The importance of
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________.

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 What I Can Do

Activity: Be With Me
Directions: Choose one activity as your final output that applies to you:

For your individual performance write your personal experiences regarding

selecting a quality of a seed before planting and a picture of a quality seed that you
have at home .

Do this in a short bondpaper.

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 Assessment

Post Test! (Individual Work)

Directions: Read each item carefully.In this module you will answer through multiple choice.
Do this in your notebook.

1.Which of the following is true about genetic purity in a seed?

a. It is the true to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree from the seed
should resemble its mother in all aspects.

b. It is the possession of seed with required physical purity that is accompanied with
physiological soundness and health status.

c. It is the possession of seed that is accompanied with physiological soundness and

health status.

d. It is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection, in or on the seed.

2. Which of the following is true about seed health ?

a. It is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection, in or on the seed.

b. Health status of seed is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection,
in or on the seed.

c. It is the actual expression of seed in further generation / multiplication.

d. It is the seedling / plant / tree from the seed should resemble its mother in all aspects.

3.Which among the given terms belong to the seed qualities ?

a. Physical Quality , Genetic purity , Physiological Quality and Seed Health

b. Mental quality , genetic cleanliness,phychological quality

c.Seed health , good quality , pure quality

d.Seed maturity , genetic quality and seed physical quality

4. Which of the following does not belong to the seed quality?

a.High genetic purity
b.High pure seed percentage ( physical purity)
c.High germinability
d.High seed quality

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5. Which of the following does not belong to the seed quality?

o. Higher field establishment

p. Free from pest and disease
q. Good shape, size, colour etc., according to the specification of variety
r. High standard seed

6. Which of the following does not belong to the importance of quality seed ?

a.Ensures genetic and physical purity of the crops .

b.Gives desired plant population .
c.Capacity to withstand the adverse conditions .
d. Does not give good product.

7. Quality seedlings produced will be more vigourous, fast growing and can resist from what?

a.pest and disease incidence to certain extent

b.soil erosion and flood

c. too much heat

d.too much rain

8. A seed is a fertilized and ripened ovule which may develop into a plant by germination.

a.seed b.root c.flower d.plant

9. It is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity that is
accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.

a.seed quality b.root quality c.flower quality d.plant quality

10. It is the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert matter, diseased seed and
insect damaged seed.

a. physical quality b. mental quality c. outside quality d. inside quality

11.It is the true to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree from the seed should
resemble its mother in all aspects.

a.genetic purity b.physical quality c.mental quality d.physiological

quality

12. It is the actual expression of seed in further generation / multiplication.

a.physical quality b. genetic purity c.mental quality d.physiological quality

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13. It is the health status of seed is nothing but the absence of insect infestation and fungal
infection, in or on the seed.

a. seed health b. genetic purity c.mental quality

d.physiological quality

14. Which of the following is not true about quality seed.

a. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic purity that is
accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.

b. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required genetic and physical purity
that is accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.

c. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required physical purity that is
accompanied with physiological soundness and health status.

d. Seed quality is the possession of seed with required size and weight.

15. Which of the following is true about physical quality of a seed .

a.Physical quality refers to the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert
matter, diseased seed and insect damaged seed.

b. Physical quality refers to type nature of the seed. i.e., the seedling / plant / tree
from the seed should resemble its mother in all aspects.

c. Physical quality refers to the absence of insect infestation and fungal infection,
in or on the seed.

d. Physical quality refers to the actual expression of seed in further generation /

multiplication.

17
Additional Activities
Activity 1
Directions : Read the qauestions carefully and answer this in your paper.

1. Learning the importance of planting materials according to prescribed characteristics , what

advantages can it give to you at the time that you already know those important details
about selecting a quality seed ?

Activity 2
1.What are the five major seed quality ?

Activity 3
1.What are the characteristics of a good quality seed ?

Activity 4
1.Why is it important for a farmer to consider the major seed quality characters ?

Activity 5
1.Give atleast five importance of quality seed .

Activity 6
1.Define what is physical quality in this leeson ?

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Answer Key

Pre test (Individual Work)

15.a 14.d 13.d 12.d 11.a

10.b 9.a 8.a 7.b 6.a 5.d 4.a 3.a 2. a 1.a

Post Test
15.a 14.b 13.a 12.d 11.a

10.a 9.a 8.a 7.a 6.d 5.d 3.a 4.d 2. b 1.a

Additional Activities :

Activity 1

The Benefits of High Quality Seeds :

1. More seeds will merge ,therefore less seed is needed , which saves
money.
2. Seedlings from high quality seeds will be strong and produce uniform
plants.
3. Plants will grow faster shortening the time from planting to harvest.

Activity 2
1. Genetic purity
2. Physical Quality
3. Physiological Quality
4. Seed vigour
5. Seed Health

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Activity 3
The Characteristics of a Good Quality Seed :

 Possession of good shape, size, colour, etc., according to specifications of variety

 Higher physical soundness and weight
 Higher germination ( 90 to 35 % depending on the crop)
 Higher physiological vigour and stamina
 Higher storage capacity

Activity 4 - ESSAY
Activity 5
1.Five Importance of Quality Seed :

 Ensures genetic and physical purity of the crops .

 Gives desired plant population .
 Capacity to withstand the adverse conditions .
 Seedlings produced will be more vigourous, fast growing and can resist pest and
disease incidence to certain extent .
 Ensures uniform growth and maturity .
 Development of root system will be more efficient that aids absorption of
nutrients efficiently and result in higher yield.

Activity 6
Physical Quality: It is the cleanliness of seed from other seeds, debris, inert matter,
diseased seed and insect damaged seed. The seed with physical quality should have
uniform size, weight, and colour and should be free from stones, debris, and dust, leafs,
twigs, stems, flowers, fruit well without other crop seeds and inert material. It also
should be devoid of shriveled, diseased mottled, moulded, discoloured, damaged and
empty seeds. The seed should be easily identifiable as a species of specific category of
specific species. Lack of this quality character will indirectly influence the field
establishment and planting value of seed. This quality character could be obtained with
seed lots by proper cleaning and grading of seed (processing) after collection and before
sowing / storage.

20
References

http://www.depedbataan.com/resources/9/k_to_12_crop_production_learning_
modules.pdf

https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/agri-inputs/seeds/seed-quality

https://www.slideshare.net/cobejaypadigos/agri-crop-grade-10-lm

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Guihulngan City

Osmeña Ave., Poblacion, Guihulngan City

Telefax: (035) 410-4069

Email Address: guihulngan.city@deped.gov.ph