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    Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes. These genes can exist in dominant or recessive alleles. When studying two traits, Mendel discovered that genes assort independently during gamete formation, resulting in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of traits in the offspring. However, not all traits follow simple dominant/recessive inheritance. There can be incomplete dominance where alleles blend, codominance where both are expressed, multiple alleles for one gene, or polygenic traits controlled by multiple genes.

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    Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes. These genes can exist in dominant or recessive alleles. When studying two traits, Mendel discovered that genes assort independently during gamete formation, resulting in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of traits in the offspring. However, not all traits follow simple dominant/recessive inheritance. There can be incomplete dominance where alleles blend, codominance where both are expressed, multiple alleles for one gene, or polygenic traits controlled by multiple genes.

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    12 views2 pages

    Real Word 12

    Uploaded by

    lawrencs14
    Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants to study inheritance of traits. He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units called genes. These genes can exist in dominant or recessive alleles. When studying two traits, Mendel discovered that genes assort independently during gamete formation, resulting in a 9:3:3:1 ratio of traits in the offspring. However, not all traits follow simple dominant/recessive inheritance. There can be incomplete dominance where alleles blend, codominance where both are expressed, multiple alleles for one gene, or polygenic traits controlled by multiple genes.

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    Genotype:

    Genetic makeup of an organism Phenotype: Physical characteristics of an organism Looking at phenotype, how many of the plants are tall? Short? The Ratios of tall to short plants supported Mendel idea of dominant and recessive alleles. Segregation did occur according to Mendels model.

    MORE MENDELIAN GENETICS Do genes Separate/Assort Independently?


    To figure this out Mendel looked at 2 traits as he crossed plants. Punnett Squares will help us predict o Results of F1 o Results of F2 Mendels results matched the Punnett Square results. The Ratio: 9:3:3:1 Mendel discovered the principle of Independent Assortment: genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

    A Summary of Mendel
    1. Inheritance of traits is passed down from parent to offspring via genes. 2. The gene can be in the form of a dominant allele or a recessive allele. 3. Genes assort independently during the formation of gametes. 4. Alleles segregate and get passed down randomly during the formation of gametes.

    EXCEPTIONS
    Not all traits result simply from dominant or recessive alleles. Many genes have more than 2 alleles. Many traits are controlled by more than one gene.

    Incomplete Dominance: Situation in which one allele is completely dominant over another; results in a blend. Example: Red flower and white flower make pink. Codominance: Situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism.
    Example: Black chicken and white chicken makes a black and white speckled chicken. (figure 1)

    Multiple Alleles: Three or more alleles of the same gene. Polygenic Trait: trait controlled by two or more genes.
    o Example: skin color o Example: coat color in rabbits, blood type, eye color.

    Figure 1

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