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Bio 1

The document outlines the characteristics of living beings and the diversity of life on Earth, noting that there are over 5 million estimated species, with only 1.5 million described. It discusses the importance of classification, nomenclature, and taxonomy in organizing and naming organisms, including the rules of scientific naming through binomial nomenclature. Additionally, it presents the taxonomic hierarchy, detailing the arrangement of organisms from species to kingdom.

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DhananjayareddyThanakanti
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32 views11 pages

Bio 1

The document outlines the characteristics of living beings and the diversity of life on Earth, noting that there are over 5 million estimated species, with only 1.5 million described. It discusses the importance of classification, nomenclature, and taxonomy in organizing and naming organisms, including the rules of scientific naming through binomial nomenclature. Additionally, it presents the taxonomic hierarchy, detailing the arrangement of organisms from species to kingdom.

Uploaded by

DhananjayareddyThanakanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT I

DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING


WORLD

y CHAPTER 1: THE LIVING WORLD

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012


VIKASANA - VIGNANA PATHADEDEGE NIMMA NADIGE
Bridge Course Program for SSLC Students who want to take up Science in I PUC in 2012
Characteristics of Living beings:
¾ Cellular organization

¾Metabolism

¾Growth

¾Reproduction

¾Response to stimulus
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Diversity in the living world

¾Estimated species in earth- more than 5


million-
illi d
described
ib d species
i 1.5
1 5 million.
illi

¾ Study of all organisms is impossible.

¾Organisms are classified into Groups


(Catagories or Taxa ) to facilitate their study.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Terminology used in classification

¾ Nomenclature

¾Classification

¾Taxonomy

¾Systematics
y
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Nomenclature :

¾ Organisms are known by local names which differ from


place to place and language to language.

¾ Scientific names are used to avoid confusion.

¾ Scientific naming is called Binomial Nomenclature.

¾ Scientific
S i ifi name off eachh organism
i has
h two parts-
1. Generic name
2 Specific epithet
2.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Rules:
ICBN(International Code for Botanical Nomenclature) and
ICZN(International Code for Zoological Nomenclature) are
formulated by scientists to assign scientific names.

ƒ Each biological name has two words- First represents the


p
Genus and second represents the Specific
p epithet.
p

ƒ The words of the name should be separately underlined


when hand written and should be ion Italics when printed
printed.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012


ƒ Generic name should be start with capital letter
and specific epithet should with a small letter
letter.

ƒ The name should be either in Latin or Latinized


Latinized.

ƒ Name of the author appears at the end of the


name in abbreviated form.
Eg: Homo sapiens , Linn.
Eg:- Linn
Linn. indicates that the species is first
described by Linnaeus
Linnaeus.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Classification:
Arrangement of organisms in specific groups or
categories called taxa based on certain characters.
Taxonomy:
The study of identification nomenclature
classification of organisms based on external and
internal structure
structure, cell structure
structure, developmental
process and ecological information.
Systematics:
Study of organisms with reference to identification,
classification and evolutionary y relationships.
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Taxonomic Categories

Taxonomic hierarchy or Linnaean hierarchy-

Sequence of arrangement of taxa.


The taxa are Species
Species, Genus
Genus, Family,
Family Order
Order,
Class, Phylum/ Division, Kingdom.

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012


Kingdom

Division/Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012
Examples for taxonomic categories:

Kingdom: Animalia Kingdom: Plantae


Phylum: Chordata Division: Angiospermae
Class: Mammalia Class: Monocotyledonae
Order: Primates Order: Principes
Family: Hominidae Family: Arecaceae
Genus: Homo Genus: Cocos
Species: sapiens Species: nucifera

Vikasana – Bridge Course 2012

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