EXPERIMENT No.
05
EFFICIENCY AND VOLTAGE REGULATION OF THE SINGLE-PHASE
TRANSFORMER
PRE LAB TASK
Objectives
1. To find out efficiency of the Single Phase Transformer by direct method.
2. To Find Voltage Regulations of the Single Phase Transformer.
Introduction
The objective of this experiment is to determine the voltage regulation and efficiency of a
transformer by measuring input and output current and voltages. Efficiency is calculated to
measure the % age useful work performed by a machine and remaining will be considered as loss
of work. In Transformer, there are two types of power losses i.e. iron losses and copper losses.
Theory
Step down transformer is used in this circuit. The Circuit diagram is shown here.
The efficiency of a transformer at particular load and p.f. is defined as the ratio between output
power and input power
η =VsIs/VpIp x 100 %
When we increase load at the secondary terminals of the transformer, current drawn by the
transformer will increase. This increase in current will cause increase in LOAD DEPENDANT
LOSSES, Cu Loss and Leakage Magnetic Loss, hence causes decrease in output voltage from
NO LOAD to FULL LOAD with respect to NO LOAD VOLTAGE or w.r.t FULL LOAD
VOLTAGE is called voltage regulation.
VR = [(VNL-VFL)/ VFL ] x 100 % =
LAB SESSION
Equipment
Two Voltmeters (0 ~ 300V, 0 ~ 150V)
Two Ammeters (0~1A)
Wattmeter at secondary.
Step Down Transformer
Variable Load
Precautions
Precautions are already provided on separate page and in start of lab manual.
Experimental Procedure
1. Make connections as shown in figure.
2. Switch on primary supply and read the no load secondary voltage.
3. Increase the load on secondary side in steps.
4. See Wattmeters, Ammeters and Voltmeters when you increase resistive load so that there
should these parameters i.e. Voltage, Current and Watts Should not cross the maximum
rated values. This for Safety.
5. Following every step take readings.
S.No. Vp (Volts) Ip (A) Vs Is (A) Load Wattmeter Wattmeter
(Volts) Type Primary Secondary
(L,C,R) (watts) (watts)
CALCULATIONS
For Load 1 Load Type :-----------------
η =VsIs/VpIp =
VR = [(VNL-VFL)/ VFL ] x 100 % =
For Load 2 Load Type :-----------------
η =VsIs/VpIp =
VR = [(VNL-VFL)/ VFL ] x 100 % =
For Load 3 Load Type :-----------------
For Load 4 Load Type :-----------------
For Load 5 Load Type :-----------------
For Load 6 Load Type :-----------------
For Load 7 Load Type :-----------------
LAB REPORT
Discussion of Results:
Conclusion /Summary:
References
1. Electrical Machines Manual by Dr.Aftab Ahmed and Habib ur Rehman
Questions:
Q.1 How do you analyze this Lab session in the context of industrial application?
Q.2 What suggestions/improvement you want to include in the current session for the future?
Q.3. You are suggested to apply this practical task in Pakistan Industry , how do you justify?
Q.4 What conclusion you drawn from this lab session?
Q.5 Why appliances are damaged on Dim Supply?
Q.6 What is negative voltage regulation?
Q.7 What is positive voltage regulation?
Q.8 Lagging power factor produces ……………….type of voltage regulation?
Q.9 Leading power factor produces ……………….type of voltage regulation?
Q.10 Draw Phasor Diagrams showing voltage regulations in L,C and R Circuits?
Q.11 Draw circuit diagrams for lab implemented circuits?
Q.12 What is relation between VR and Efficiency?
Q.13 What is Regulation Up and Regulation Down?
Q.14 Derive expressions of VR for Leading, lagging and unity p.f?
