a NoRMAL Distabufon
A Yarclony Vdiable. X 1S Said -to hae oan
Uormal clestbation, Hf We lensity fantion (
Prbabiuity fice besion ie given hy
\ _ (te)
i eed aaa 7a
Fx; oe e 8" 5
_ pele, aSOaeme
a CHIEF Chinackenstics oF The Normal
\ the teaph & the Korma atsmb
Spe oy tone A ieee ses
Cuyve-
: ® A=MH
2% qve Curve 16 a bell Shaped y
3, Aveo caandey -Mhe -morrnal ceavve vepres te
COTA
-Jotat poputsion,
yeMode d& -the — clistibution
-\he
mMear, anecian anc
hq
candde ar 4 LL as the dicthbotlog 12 Syne
— tical. So moameak curve YB Grimodol Gs hos
ony ONE NOX gown). : 4 |
: j “is =e
proke, to She Corve. ©
Se ar GASYTHt
depender| apoamal
5. Yok
6. LNer cambinstisy dy
yadake fs
3. ‘the points
ae PLS and the Ve changes fom’
ta DAs & reamoh yoodate. ©
of reflexion of “the Cone OAC ot
ConCave
ao borne X al. meres ton ate Ro,
|
Conca |
pink of efector
> te _probobsty Arey the pumel vests
with eas vp ord’ Slandend aleuiaki
: tm permce 4 and aie TR ED ‘by
\ - on (48)
rinexe d= cee | 1 ee
ay
a “Binge “Glepends on the: “two poMam eter,
we get different movmal Curve,, 4
ates of Mand a .0nd if iz.
pit all Such Hormel —
. “dh
and o
aidererh v
wrepracicable Hack 19"
curves. Dnstenal , by *puiking B= AK the
PAS. Of evn uf cai = 9 923i aby
Lwo poomtkexk ‘pland Here ix |
ag
|e Hf there As 600 stacents hn the se hoo)
according —to blood type , we
oe 600. *
hat We Oasti-fied
Sary +that we bave o popusrsion , of. Si
* Sarnping sample Ts a subset (selected porto
of popuration and ane Tuber of objects a she
somple iS Colled She Side of dhe Sample | 2
dented by v. 3 ‘es
Gy to attess “the “wulity ad) o bag ds wee, S190,
beat py 38nyY) other Gornrnnaity , We erasing
wy O portion of It by tating rordfeak & item
an sala and anes decade, to archos it ow rot.
wy CM produced in arti AS the pression onal
aye Mann ces TB he: sample. . eae aie
dit y qthen ioforrastion TA Colle Cred ty espek &
ewersy seividucl Ter; awe ernaby is sais
“done by Complete enumersdion, oo Comus. For
ex duiing are eps dk popugsion ., “pnt”
ty YeSpech As each’ Individual penaon, xe Sidirg
in HAdIOL Woo Colle deal wh ee P pifiexco rmetbool
4 piffexco& roetbods OF: + Sarnpling :-
4.
i Randen sampling (or prbabisity Sarpting )
2, Sxvakified saropling Coy Stratified Ppandomn n). |
3, Systematic: Sampling (o° Quasi — pandie camping),
pro babi dity Sarnpling rmejhodé -.
Bip = pobobiity Sarnpding methods,
q. purposive Samp sing (or ee “Sarap UN§ ),
Sewere ne | ea bie ; ipe
We each: clement’ - oO __pepesiion mieyy | ee
celeckrad sane than bocce" shen te iR Cotte =
“camping with ~eeplacement” eoexeas Vt Abe” eherne at
conn: be. Sth cktel ants oe te iB cabled
“gornpng uatheuk , seplaceroer’ *
wre if WTS cine, see of a ras nD |
tS: dhe Boyle site ren Bobs,
of ‘samp ‘with aeplacement = oe
Gh “ einer replace ele Neo,
ad ang TEMSY |
His Gre! fy the. Saraple, M5
¥ Jape Sample” ¢
cthe sample is Koidte be ange Sample’
t Smath som p\e;- yf ane gre’ & the somples
Bn cae sangie en oe sornple
() exdck sample Os simple. Sample .”
+ “ Panarnekor > Any sabticHical meaSuve c Anat |
mero. popusetioy) ‘acta a6 (CMOWN ag PorLanyetey |
a a
3 statist 7 ie yey, coli SE Ca: EaSUve. » Gomnpulyy
Frory) Sample asto 4c Known af stoic.
Pe an Ree {
Sak 1 on
ae the Sasople wean ‘ Og
peiinitivn'~ FF. ayuda 0 “ yepresert a rand =
sample ob S270) -hen “abe “sample nrncan
clefined by. 1S graf ste
esas ye
X <0 are ey
. fe]
poe. thd: | ee aaiisie = has dhe’ Volute: es
uhen Z assumes he “values ie For
“agkante the AMD Serpe | ‘wean “tp oppuied
2! He bots toe. LARC x cand Ses Coropulta). volt
ay e
i
? Bree &
a The Sample: Variance ¢ e tae
Hetsrion: =~ HE Mion = Hn represent ee Be
saraple & Site, mi anen dhe sarnple \eortont *
ag: defined by the sis SEC
he!
pe v= ik) aT WS et ea)
iets SH! ba nM-t) yi as WR ET
essentially defined 4y be sue
; ayote rch
awenoge of the sanaes, Or the deuiakions af
dhe obSevwahons fang hey mean with =i
change thas the Sar & tbe Stused dewations
tw daidéed “by M1 and mtn, 4
A mAhe Sampte standard _ Deviation +
Aes Sample SDs demoted by S, 1s dhe positive
Saectime Swi Of the sero Yortesnce .
Centrot Lori Tioeoverd +
+ s
me Rw pe che , pecs os oO “sane ‘chee D dvawn
Ron & popussion woidh Toeat odes DS
anen athe
22
ckandadized “ Garnple mean «
= We ob
o|{h
ep weaadabre arse,
hs Ob the, geartod | vera
— ssn
approaches
ei Lal RIMES AS DD! = 3 =
4 ‘Standard ' or CSE) OF 4 cratic
Goo sketistic + Cres Ge,
pic Sp.) $s abe
ine Stoddard = er O¥
x Sample. mean, Ww sorn
ctamdond clewtotion ds -khe Sampling Atethbudor
ds Ses the ast Stic. 2 2 x _——
& Sampling Distsbation oF MeNE Co kny
ay dhe mean of Sarmping cistsbution o
sad sateen MERCY) temple) | ee nap, € ory:
at a : 2 oa
Cor Cvrcdtiance 1 eX e ee jee-y MACK) 2S
ESTE VIATION
Estimate 7. 0 estimale 1s “ol tatchaenas
so «find . on canienow practi Pemranneker, TURE OF Estin ation ;-
gasicoily ¢ there aie) two. Kinds of eStimmad ey “fo
determine athe statistic OF the popasstion peraroetyy
Mameby, @ point Ectinadioy ara 0b) Tnercal
Estimation, ;
of WA. Spur. and,. GP. gonni defined ‘Spot SHICOL
Fheferente* OS “Abe. POLeAs = which ‘we Avass
a conclusion obpat , Some meosuve ‘b a ae
based: of a Sample yolue. ‘ a
Basically Shere ave two types of epblons
ander skotishcal Trfvence: .
\ yypotbests. 4 ee “bo test ihe > Wgporthe TR
yorent popusstion fromm wed che,
‘
1
absuk
sample drawn, i hee a
er tw
esti makin 4p use We castes. ob
egdimad of “the . conto
UusttOry ‘Fob which, Abe
@)
darn He carpe as
porameket on ane ee
sample iB avausn. ' , i Fey
egmnation ‘ond Interval EgkimadiOn 5 ce
% Point €s
vt anes estimate Selene + popursion prernete
% giten by a Srgle volue, they the estirnede,
1 coihed a ‘point’ EKMokton, dy ye FOAM eto,
maitre jf an etiinae of a popusartor ° Porarnetey
Rha cat S. So agrt.. Fe
ie Sac _— iS dven by -wo cliterest vobteX between
a ' Nhe pardny eke} remy be. conskkened - 0 Sie
dhen dhe — estima 34 Coiled? an ewol -
RE
€xt sf the height of & steadet 1%, TPeosured
OS -.16Q GPS, Aned |
pe pe asave hy ear Gilt pa
gut WP cibe height 1 given: 04
point eStimn aio -
are Height Mes petwe en
C163$3-5) CMS: den
159.5 ans aed eee crs and coe meaSure roent
Swex ad meawal exirg ation.
peanitvon's A pirk eScmatov sca Stotistic for
eseimating the popetsion poramet®| 6 and ‘will
be clenoted by 6 (yeod as theta net). i
popedies & Examohion’- An ectimatoy 1S «7 Sores
not expected Ho -eskimaie “ibe poputstion promo
PSsneie ever, “AD Lestingestov cheaid be ctose
“yp the HUE volute & unknowtry parameter
3 bnbiastd Estirnaloy ry, statistic: or paint
eskmator 6 1s soil cb be on canbiasene
ecdrnatw dk othe, PPMOmMet © IF ES)=e )
' ey other’ Words, 4: EGaHISHO) = yerameks
Shen BHSEC gguSald to ‘aoa.
Of the PRameten. a " yentignte of pat estimator = of 8 and By ase,
quo Unbiased estimelors ob thé Same popodation
poraMmdG, OB WE Weald Cus Ihe Esimalor eymose
sampling Aismbukign 13 Athe: snail) a
verde, eB Ke we Say that 6, ta a more
etliciene estimakuy PF © than dp. ,
Mose FCT -Cstmpelt Fs of we, consider atl
possible sanbiased estimatorg of “some Porarnetey
6, whe doe With. the Smotlest \eulance: Vs
casted the Pmt EFFGEME eckimokor ae 6.
1% Clear thot. only 6 ord é, se Cy) - )
aan sree their dsbibalions ane’ Certened
ak © he _ estimator é\ as a Sreasiey ert Oorte
gran 6, and ts there-fowe reore ‘efficient:
Hence og choice for an eGirsakor of 8) “nc ing
are aenee (ON gee mead fe er 1 oe
» Sasingting Disbibutivin -of. DidAeA! SHmdion UF 6.
ee i 4 ‘propertish of oF - Estimators 1
by egped estimaor is on& « which, is 4S.
gout Made: OF ine prance Of FR
eee nth properties ‘of ‘auet* “esti doy - ove)
raSedue 6 vit) éficienty & Ca
Abe
Ae toy
ey conitsteney wy Unb
Ap eget 0 6, ‘of a “pobvaeken sO WK Consist 3
wt EonevgeX to ‘es ae Hs &. ‘Jie
ty A sesist Bid ‘Said do bean: ‘costae
estimadt of 'e " en) = @ Por ail 6.
fy
wy A srasistic B® seid oem & me! &
canbiased estimnatoy of Abe po 8
vetine SST SEC ae Vs 9 a
an 6 ond é, oe both eanbia.seal ‘ed
porte
toe
5a). NCB),L Ca) :
ag AD saemapr, As Baldo in eee
1b Pad £
as OIC abs a ae a”
se Maxiroun ey oF Estimate & by lage
samples ¢ uD ‘ yf j
«
Since the Sample meen “Ester enn weeny
ok cho ste CAH & - PRRUSAAOT Mow point |
estimide B Jtntralty actompanied witha Stelerment
of exvoy sch Ne x does bo estimate. and
ave arankity Nae estimated dhe » eieratoy |
Thug evr gt HI:
For GaAGC O, Me Yaron vouable Boe ~ rata
: # ef
WSsdd _exppeptimode ty
* nen P C- Pulp? 4 dh) ele where oe ety
PS
dente aay c A-K. ,, :
» pc lo rin ) an een
n/a ar
a
a
oo a
. Oh” gee aia ia
ee ee :
TMNELE MD) rd
SI} and awe Sebshaaing a ron each FOF)
and omubdiplying: by 7: ae
uy Dy Si, opt Far () jones Pain (ee 4 Mavinwum Wty of Estimale For Sinal
ben E30, Swat Sample + we use S) dhe
of searaple to debeamine. €. (ben Oana
UW ‘Ecan be ‘uged “Fo Eon shuck a
Teton of meee. 6 OR a
“pte=tan (815) 2 6E4 fan (NPD) = 15
4 copiigeree Snerunt 1 ’
€ se and S ae. “te vied! an im
aleutaion of a Yordom sample Brees 30. more
= popes on asst “enon Ne. onte hy AU
tno. Cartictence. AoWal foe VE
R- Calg (SH) owe K+ taj CSN)
‘ESTEMATION
qnioduced’ tn Bayesian
Prbabiuity..
x BAYESIAN
————
re NAO conte pt
we pevional Gn Subjective | a Subledive 9 phor dictibution”,
RAGES ED SEIN i
combining the pity feetingx abtub cthe
wawes Of MK with divect sample ew
she “posterior” clistbation of Mtn
estmakion WS Lppoxtanosed by oa
worth
Wy = DR + Mo al S\'=.
ney 4 oO? *
S isthe Standard eviction
ase S=°%.
dere
