THE WAR ON FLOODS: EXPLORING THE PERCEPTIONS OF CEBUANO

RESIDENTS LIVING NEARBY RIVER REHABILITATION PROJECTS

CODEBOOK

Daniel Day G. Avila​

Renzo S. Flordelis​

Abriele Skye L. Layon​

Xandria Eiko T. Navaja​

Rachelle Kazelyn V. Olivar​

James L. Rodriguez​
T1(P1)

I: Unsa ka kadugay gapuyo diri? 1 I: How long have you lived here?

P1: 2010, 14 years na. 2 P1: 2010, it's been 14 years already.

I: ‘Nya karon mangutana nami sa 3 I: Now, we’re going to ask about your
experiences nimo nay, kanang what do 4 experiences. What do you think is
you think is currently being done with the 5 currently being done with the river?
river? Were you aware this was going on? 6 Were you aware this was going on? Or
Or kanang ako lang i-bisaya nay, okay ra? 7 I'll use bisaya, is that okay?

P1: Oo kay para masabtan jud klaro. 8 P1: Yes, so I can understand clearly.

I: Para nimo unsa may nahitabo karon sa 9 I: For you, what is happening in the
river, unsay gi ayo nila or naa ba silay 10 river right now? What are they
gi-ayo or aware ba ka nga nahitabo ni? 11 repairing, or are they repairing
12 something, or are you aware that this is
13 happening?

P1: Oo naa koy nakita diha nga ilang 14 P1: Yes, I saw they put up riprap walls,
murag gi-riprapan nila, pero wala paman 15 but it’s unfinished.
nahuman. 16

I: Ah so murag kanang gakuan gapadayon 17 I: Ah, so, is it still ongoing right now?
gihapon karon inana. 18

P1: Wala, gi hunongan pa, ambot lang 19 P1: No, they paused it, I don’t know if
kaha og gipadayon bana. Makita mani 20 they’ll ever continue. We can see that
nato og naa mana sila gi-riprap, pero 21 they put up riprap walls, but they
gihunongan pa. 22 stopped doing it.

I: Unsa man imohang mga experiences 23 I: What were your experiences here in
diri sa area nimo nga gipuyoan, like sa 24 the area you’re living in, like in the
river before katong naay gi-ayo dira. 25 river, before the rehabilitation program
26 started?

P: Kuan puno sa basura. 27 P: It’s full of trash(the river).

I: Karon mas gamay nalang inana? 28 I: Is there less of that now(trash)?

P: Mas ni daghan na hinuon rong ting init. 29 P: There’s even more now since it's the
Napuno og maayo sa basura makita mana 30 dry season. There’s even more trash,
nato didto kung ato tanawon. 31 you can see it there if you observe.

I: Nidaghan hinuon kay gihunongan, sah? 32 I: There’s even more trash because it’s
​ 33 on hold, right?

P1: ‘Perting punoa sa basura. Ug mo 34 P1: There is so much garbage. If it rains

uwan kusog, musaka jud ang tubig, pero 35 hard, the water will rise, but now that it
karon nga wa nay uwan mas napuno na 36 is not raining, there’s even more trash.
ang basura.” 37

I: Sige kanang ang karon na ilang gibuhat 38 I: Okay, now, with what they're doing in
na pag ayo, giunsa siya pag apekto sa 39 the rehabilitation, how did it affect you
imong pagpuyo duol sa river? 40 living near the river?

P1: Murag wala raman naka-apekto sa 41 P1: I think not much affected us, the
amoa, ang pag-riprap… ang ilang pag-ayo 42 riprap walls… their repairs, didn’t affect
kay murag wala ramay apekto sa amoa. 43 us much.

I: Kanang mga baha wala ra inana? 44 I: Like floods, none like that?

P1: Wala raman hinuon. 45 P1: Not really.

I: Ah di sad kaayo maabot sa kanal noh? 46 I: Ah, it doesn’t reach the canals?

P1: Naay daghan uy. 47 P1: There are many.

I: Ah, so magbaha gihapon? 48 I: Ah, so it still floods?

P1: Oo, mag baha gihapon. 49 P1: Yes, it still floods.

I: Unsa’y may ganahan nimo mahitabo 50 I: What do you want to happen after the
igka human ani nga kuan, pag-ayo sa 51 river is rehabilitated?
river? 52

P1: Inig kahuman, ang gusto nako 53 P1: What I want to happen after the
mahitabo inig kahuman og ayo sa river? 54 river is rehabilitated?
I: Or like unsay imong ganahan mahitabo? 55 I: Or like what do you want to happen to
56 it?

P1: Kuan, kung mag hisgot nag about sa 57 P1: If we’re talking about the
kanang demolition bahin namo kay naa 58 demolition of our homes since we live
man mi sa sapa noh. Mas nindot unta to 59 by the river. It is nicer if we come first
kung ipahinuna jud mi og kuan kanang 60 and give us a proper home, even if it is
tarong jud na puloy-anan ba, bisag kanang 61 small enough. Outside our homes… It's
ginagmay lang. Basta kay kanang 62 always the trash. Our number one
matawag nagyud bitaw na dili inana ka 63 problem is people not disposing of their
kuan sa amoang puyo sa kanang daplin sa 64 garbage properly, although not
sapa. Number one jud basura, dili proper 65 everyone. But most of the time, the trash
ang pagtapok sa mga tao, dili man ang 66 is never disposed of properly, and it's
tanan sad. Pero kasagaran jud diha ang 67 always because of a lack of
basura, di jud kamao mo proper og, di jud 68 self-discipline. Though some people
bisan murag kuwang jud kay sa pag 69 know not to throw their garbage into the
disiplina sa kaugalingon raman na. dili 70 river, there are always those people who
tanan jud nga kanang labay gyud hinuon, 71 do, especially the children.
naa puy tao kanang kamao jud siya, pero 72
kasagaran ana kay ana lang sa basura labi 73
nanang mga bata.

I: Oo kay gasalig nga kanang ana nga 74 I: They’re taking advantage of the fact
makita ra pwede labayan kay naa nay mga 75 that just because there is already trash in
basura daan. 76 the river, they can also throw their
77 garbage there.

P1: Oo labad kay’s ulo. Bisag kada adlaw 78 P1: Yeah, it’s a headache. Even if you
paka manilhig ig taod taod naa nasad, 79 sweep every day, after a while, there
murag paminaw nako murag tuyoun or 80 will be trash again. I feel like they do it
mao nagyud na ilahang na andan nga di 81 on purpose or that’s what they’re used
jud kamao mukuan sa basura ba, di 82 to, that they don’t know how to throw
kahipos og tarong. 83 trash, can’t dispose of it properly.

I: Kuan, unsa may pagka-apekto sa sapa 84 I: How did the river affect the people in
sa mga tao sa inyo komunidad? 85 your community?

P1: Dako jud og epekto uy, kay kanang 86 P1: It had a big impact because when
mag kanang mag sama bitaw nga way 87 the trash is piling up and there’s no rain,
uwan ang iyang alisngaw gani sa basura, 88 the smell of the trash will spread, if in
mo singaw ba, sa Tagalog pa mosingaw. 89 Tagalog, “mosingaw.” And if it
Kaayo jud. ‘Nya ug kanang mokalit og 90 suddenly rains, the smell will even be
uwan grabe pagkabaho sad. 91 worse.

I: Ang uwan maoy maka kanang 92 I: The rain causes the bad smell?
makabaho? 93

P1: Kanang sama ron, init, ‘nya mukalit 94 P1: It's the same as now. It’s hot, then it
og uwan, ang baho niya murag mugawas. 95 suddenly rains, and the smell kind of
Grabe ka hugaw jud, di ma bangbang. Di 96 spreads out. It’s very filthy. It can’t be
jud ma bangbang diri ang basura mao 97 handled here. The trash is the number
nang number one problema jud dira kay 98 one problem there because it’s trash.
basura. 99

I: Unsa inyong challenges sa pagpuyo 100 I: What are your challenges with living
ninyo dira dapit sa river? 101 near the river?

P1: Daghan uy. Klase-klase lang, for 102 P1: A lot. But they’re different, for
example, kuan kanang gamay ra kaayog 103 example, the road is very small because
agianan kay kami tanan diha ga line rajud 104 our houses are lined up, there’s no yard,
ang balay ba, walay kanang nataran, naay 105 there are people who loiter on the road,
mga tambay mulingkod anang agianan, 106 and the people don’t understand that the
‘nya ang uban dili sad kasabot nga dili na 107 road shouldn’t be a place for loitering.
sha angay tambayan. Kay mao rapud 108 Because that’s the only road. Arguments
baya’y agianan, mahug sad og away kung 100 may happen if they don’t know how to
di ka kamao musabot og tao nga kanang 110 understand hard-headed people. You’ll
borkento sad ba, pero kung kibaw lang 111 have to understand for yourself because
pud ka musabot sad, ikaw nalang puy 112 there isn’t any other place to sit. The
musabot kay wa may lain kalingkoran. 113 people will sit if they find a place to sit
Ang tao mulingkod man jud og makakita 114 because there’s no other place to sit.
og kalingkoran kay wa man pud juy lain 115 Some people will not understand, and
kuan mao na nga ang katong dili kasabot 116 this will cause arguments.
mahug ju’g away. 117

I: Sa kaning mga challenges, giunsa man 118 I: In these challenges, how did you
nimo pag overcome ato nila? 119 overcome them?

P1: Kuan nalang Maam, kanang ikaw 120 P1: You’ll have to be the one to
nalang jud ang mosabot jud sa sitwasyon. 121 understand the situation. Because that’s
Kay inana naman ang estado sa among 122 how we live. The place is so small;
pagpuyo, gamay kaayog lugar ‘nya mga 123 some children play on the road, and
bata anha magduwa diha sa kalsada, ‘nya 124 their parents just let them be. But I don't
uban sang ginikanan murag pasagdaan 125 allow my children because it risks them
nila ba, pero hinuon ug akoa sad kay dili 126 getting into some kind of accident,
sad nako kaya kay mahadlok ko ba nga 127 especially when they are inexperienced.
simbako og matapsingan sa sakyanan wa 128 But the other kids seem to be very
ma naanad, pero uban mga bata anad na 129 experienced in playing by the road to
kaayo murag mga sakyanan nalang ang 130 where they no longer care about the cars
molikay kay ang mga bata kay wa juy 131 running by, and instead, it's the drivers
pake, kay bata sad lage. 132 who have to dodge these kids playing in
133 traffic.

I: Kanang kung mag-uwan or mag bagyo, 134 I: When it rains or if there’s a typhoon,
unsa’y may murag inyong nasinati didto? 135 what were your experiences there?

P1: Nakakuan mi one time diha na katong 136 P1: There was one time there, I think it
murag bagyo man siguro toh siya. dili toh 137 was a typhoon. It wasn’t Odette, Ma’am,
Odette Ma’am, lahi jud toh, kanang murag 138 it was different, it was only raining hard.
kusog lang gyud toh na uwan ba. Nga ang 139 The people evacuated because the water
mga tao nag-aksyon na’g bakwet kay ang 140 level rose. The people who lived by the
tubig niya kay nisaka nagyud. Ni aksyon 141 road evacuated because they were
nagyud og pamakwet ang mga tao sa diri 142 scared that their houses would be
sa kanang karsada, kay hadlok sila ba 143 flooded away as well. Because the
madala ila balay sa baha. Kay kanang ang 144 foundations were only weak. We’ve
pundasyon huyang ra. Kasuway nami, 145 experienced it, a lot of us experienced it
kadaghan nami kasuway diha. 146 there.

I: Basi sa unsaon nimo pag cope sa mga 147 I: Based on how you coped with the
challenges nga gi-agian nimo sa pagpuyo 148 challenges you faced in living near the
duol sa sapa, naa kay ma compare na 149 river, is there someone that you can
parehas nimo gi-agian, kanang dili sad 150 compare to that went through the same
silingan nimo or kanang duol ra dira? 151 experience, someone that’s not your
152 neighbor or someone that lives near
153 there?

P1: Naa. Akong mga anak nuon, kuan 154 P1: There are, but they’re my children.
raman murag sila na anad nalang pud sila 155 They got used to it too.
ba. 156

I: Taga asa mana sila? 157 I: Where are they from?

P1: Kinsa man? Akong mga anak? Kuan 158 P1: Who? My children? They still live
pa miyembro pa nako, sud sa akong 159 with me, my family, because they’re still
family, kay mga daga paman sila ug 160 young.
ulitaw sad. 161

I: Kanang dili or wala nakapuyo diri nay, 162 I: How about someone who doesn’t live
naa kay kaila nga parehas og gi agian 163 here, nay? Do you know someone who
ninyo? 164 went through the same thing as you?

P1: Kaila nako? Silingan raman mi tanan 165 P1: Someone I know? We’re all
diha. 166 neighbors here.

I: Wala naka’y lain kaila diha nga parehas 167 I: You don’t know anyone else who’s in
og sitwasyon ninyo? 168 the same situation as you?

P1: Wala ra. Kami raman nga naa ragyud 169 P1: None. We’re the only ones there.
diha. 170

I: Kanang unsa man ang imo mafeel sa 171 I: How did you feel about these
kaning mga challenges na imong nasinati? 172 challenges that you experienced? And
Nya unsa imo nafeel sa kanang gibuhat sa 173 what do you feel about what they’re
river rehabilitation? 174 doing with the river rehabilitation?

P1: Kuan nindot man unta na siya kung 175 P1: It would really be nice if they just
mahuman g’yud, kay duna jud guro nay 176 finished it because there would be a
purpose nganong gi inana na sha diha, 177 purpose for why they’re doing it. I don’t
noh. Wa ko kahibaw unsay purpose ana, 178 know what the purpose is, but for me,
pero para nako nindot man siya kay 179 it’s really nice because they put up
gi-riprapan. 180 rip-rap walls.

I: Kanus a diay gihunongan? 181 I: When did they pause the project?

P1: Pag holy week ba, murag ipadayun pa 182 P1: During the holy week. It seems like
siguro na nila. 183 they’ll still continue with it.

I: Sa mga experience nimo sa pagpuyo 184 I: How did your experiences living there
dira nay, unsa’y naka-apekto sa imohang 185 affect your daily life and routine?
kuan, daily life, kanang paglihok nimo 186
taga adlaw? 187
P1: Kuan sad ba, kanang kasaba. Number 188 P1: The loudness. Number one is the
one, kanang kasaba gyud sa mga tao 189 people's loudness, where sometimes this
bitaw, nga kanang usahay ang amoang 190 place’s loudness can influence you. Very
man lugar murag maka-ingon ta ba nga 191 loud, you can’t have a peace of mind.
influential jud bitaw kaayo. Saba jud 192
kaayo siya, saba, wa kay peace of mind. 193

I: Kanang sa river nay, based sa river unsa 194 I: How does the situation of the river
may maka-apekto sa sitwasyon sa river 195 affect your daily life?
karon nga maka-apekto sa imong adlaw? 196

P1: Kuan kanang, para nako bati tanawon 197 P1: For me, it doesn’t look pleasant
kay napuno sa basura. Mao gali nang 198 because it has gotten full of garbage.
number one, bahalag pobre ta ba basta kay 199 That’s number one: it doesn’t matter that
hinlo ta, murag nindot ato pamati. Kay 200 we’re poor as long as we’re clean; it
inig tanaw nato satong nataran na gamay 201 makes us feel good and better. Because
kay’s tanan agianan napuno sa basura, 202 when we look at our small place and
maka-apekta ragyud. 203 narrow roads full of trash, it affects us.

I: Di raman kaha permi na kanang puno 204 I: The water levels don’t rise every time
ang tubig, kanang mosaka ang tubig? 205 though, right?

P1: Ah dili raman nuon. Kanang kusog 206 P1: Ah, not really. When the rain is
kaayong uwan, musaka g’yud sha. Pero di 207 heavy, the flood rises, but not always.
pud kanunay, tagsa ra. 208

I: dili rasad problema sa inyo og like 209 I: Is it a problem for you if the flood
musaka og maayo, wala ramoy 210 rises? Is there a problem for you if it
problemahon na kanang baha? 211 floods?

P1: Ah wala ra, dili raman mi makuanan 212 P1: No. We are not affected by the
sa baha. dili ra mabahaan basta limpyo 213 floods much. We won’t be flooded as
lang ang kanal, dili mubara, diritso ra ang 214 long as the canals are clean and are not
tubig. 215 clogged and the water flows smoothly.

I: Para nimo nay, unsa’y maingon nimo 216 I: For you, nay, what can you say about
sa pagpuyo dira dapit sa river nga 217 your residency near the river that was
na-apektohan og maayo sa hugaw na kuan 218 heavily affected by trash pollution and
219 the rehabilitation done by the
sa polusyon sa rehabilitation nga ilang 220 government?
gipangbuhat sa gobyerno?

P1: Nindot gyud unta kaayo na kanang, 221 P1: It would be nice if they finished the
kung mahuman na ang riprap, pero wa ko 222 rip-rap walls, but I don’t know what
k’ibaw unsay katuyoan ana nganong 223 their purpose is or why they are put up.
gi-riprap. 224

I: Nya asa mana gibutang dapit ang 225 I: Where did they put up the rip-rap
gi-riprap nay? 226 walls?

P1: Didto g’yud sa sapa. 227 P1: At the river.

I: Mao nang pagkuan, noh, pagsalo sa 228 I: The rip-rap walls, is it for catching the
basura? 229 trash?

P1: Mao siguro. Daghan man jud mi 230 P1: Maybe. We’ve observed and
manan-aw didto, kung ngano gi-riprapan 231 watched them and wondered why they
siya kay wa jud mi kabalo ba unsay juy 232 put up rip-rap walls because we don’t
purpose ngano gi-riprapan. 233 know their purpose for setting it up.

I: Ah, wala diay mo giingnan? Wala sad 234 I: They didn’t tell you? You didn’t ask?
mo nangutana nay? 235

P1: Wala. Ang among expectation kay 236 P1: No. We expected them to clean the
hala gi limpyohan ang sapa, basin 237 river, and maybe the demolition of our
demolition nata ani, pero wala raman. 238 homes would happen to us, but it didn’t
239 happen.

I: Nikalit rasad sila’g abot nay or giingnan 240 I: Did they suddenly arrive or did they
mo na magtrabaho sila didto? 241 inform you that they’d be working on
242 the river?

P1: Wala rami pahibaw-a. 243 P1: They didn’t inform us.

I: Kanus-a man nagsugod og buhat ana 244 I: When did they start working?
nay? 245

P1: Murag buwan toh sa March, pag holy 246 P1: I think it was the month of March,
week gihunongan. 247 and they stopped during the holy week.
I: Naa gihapon sila karon? 248 I: And they’re still working there?

P1: Wala paman nila baliki, pero na’pay 249 P1: They haven’t returned yet, but there
dako kaayo didto nga kuan, sa didto dapit 250 is still big equipment near San Carlos;
sa San Carlos, naay dako kaayo didto nga 251 there is a very big bulldozer at the river.
kuan, bulldozer sa sapa. 252

I: Tungod sa gihunong nay, nisamot or 253 I: Because they paused the project, did
mas ni okay na? 254 it worsen or show progress?

P1: Kuan dili ko ka ingon nga ni okay 255 P1: I can’t say it’s okay now because
siya na tungod kay gihunongan, murag ni 256 they paused the operation. I think there
daghan ang basura kay ang sapa daghan 257 is more trash now because you see a lot
kay’g sagbot ron. Nag stock-up kay wala 258 more than usual. The trash is stuck up
namay uwan ron, ug mag uwan pa, mada 259 because it’s not raining these days. If it
man tong sagbot sa uwan. Pero karon ni 260 rained, the trash would flood away, but
daghan maayo ang basura, puno kaayo og 261 now there is even more trash; the river is
tanawon nato didto, puno kay’ng basura. 262 full of it.

I: Para nimo nay nagka nindot ba ilang 263 I: For you, did their project improve or
gibuhat or nagka bati sa inyong 264 worsen the situation?
sitwasyon? 265

P1: Nindot man unta, pero wa palang jud 266 P1: It would probably be nice, but they
nahuman. 267 just didn’t finish it.
 Verbatim Line # English Translations

T2(P2)

I: Okay kani nay, kanang kaning among 268 I: So, the purpose of our interview is to
interview namo kay para sa makahibaw 269 learn your opinion on the activities
mi unsay mga paminaw ninyo ba sa mga 270 taking place here in your community
nahitabo diri sa inyohang sitio kanang 271 and your river. How did you see the
inyohang river diha kung giunsa ninyo 272 government project being conducted
pagkuan… nakakita ba mos gobyerno 273 there?
gatrabaho didto dapit? 274

P2: Dili, ang nagtrabaho ana dirang nag 275 P2: No, the workers who built the
riprap ang katong taga Manila, dili taga 276 rip-rap are from Manila, not from here.
diri, gikan to sila Manila 277 They are from Manila.

I: Aw, Manila to sila? 278 I: Oh, they’re from Manila?

P2: Oo, Manila. Karon giayo nana diha 279 P2: Yes, Manila. Now they are repairing
pero diri dapita sa among gipuyasakong 280 it but the ones repairing it are people
mga anak, taga diri gud na sila, kato layo 281 living near the home of my child, people
man to sila, dayu. Kay wa man sila 282 from here. The others were from afar,
nakatiwas diha, sila nagtiwas. Riprap ug 283 like visitors. Since they didn't finish
kuan kanang gi..gi palawman ang sapa 284 their work, we’re the ones finishing it
285 up. Building ripraps and deepening the
286 river.

I: gipalawman nila noh 287 I: They made it deeper, right?

P2: Oo… Akong mga anak namuyo na 288 P2: yes… My children are living there.
diha. Ako diha naman kos pikas ana, naa 289 Mine is across there, I have..mm.. It's so
koy..mm.. Pait kay diha kung baha. 290 awful there when it floods, the water
bakwit mi sauna uy, ang tubig diha 291 overflows there.
muapaw dira. 292
I: Sa back gate? 293 I: At the back gate?

P2: Mm. Karon gi-riprap naman, di na 294 P2: Yes. Now, they added rip-rap, so
kaayo. Ambot lang karong la nina. 295 there is less for now. I don't know how
296 it’ll fare against La Niña, though.

I: Katong bag-o pamo gapuyo diri nay, 297 I: When your family started living here,
mga kuan…Buhi pagyud tong tubig adto, 298 were the river waters still alive? Did it
ang river kay daghan pa kaayog isda? 299 have plenty of fish?

P2: Mm 300 P2: Yes..

I: Daghan batog basura or gamay ra? 301 I: Did it also have a lot of garbage or
302 just minimal?

P2: Ay, sauna limpyo pagyud nang sapa, 303 P2: Oh, before, the river was so clean;
wa gyud nay basura. Sa pagkakaron na 304 there was no garbage. But nowadays,
nga lain lain nang namuyo. Kami sauna 305 with so many different residents. Back
limpyo kay mi diha. Naa man nay dam. 306 when it was just us, we were so clean.
Kanang ubos sa among balay gyud kay 307 There used to be a dam. Under our own
dam. 308 home, there is a dam.

I: Gamay ramo dira sauna nay? 309 I: Were there only a few residents back
310 then?

P2: Gamay ra mi dira sauna. Karon kay 311 P2: We were only a few. Now, just
bisag kinsa na lang man, mga hugawan 312 about anyone lives here, they are filthy
man. Limpyo kay mi sauna, naa man gay 313 people. We used to be so clean, there
maglabas sapa. 314 even used to be people who wash their
315 clothes in the river.

I: Maligo pud mo sauna dira pud? 316 I: Did you used to bathe there?

P2: Ay, di ko tig ligog sapa. Maglaba 317 P2: Oh, I don’t bathe there. Just to wash
rami. maglaba, manabon, andam sa 318 clothes, wash our hands, prepare the
[unintelligible]. Limpyo kaynang sapa 319 [unintelligible]. That river used to be so
karon hugaw na kaayo uy. Kay diri sa tibit 320 clean, but now it's very dirty. All the
tabilyo anha biya tanan hugaw ara. ilabay 321 filth comes from there at Tibit Tabilyo.
sa taas. Luoy kaayo mi dihas ubos…Ay 322 The trash is thrown at the upper section
ang basura, grabe kay ang basura dira uy. 323 of the river. We’re pitiful at the
‘Nya pay nang mga batang gagmay. 324 bottom… the trash accumulated there is
Kadahapon mag daob gyud mi diha kay 325 too much. Then there are the small
baho man kaayo. Daghan kaayong basura 326 children. Every afternoon, we burn the
dira ilabay. Mao nang basura namo dira 327 garbage because the awful smell is too
naka sarapon na ‘nya kuhaon ramans 328 pungent. There is so much trash thrown
barangay. Nya kanang magbaha baha pud 329 there. That's why our trash is kept in
lagi kay maabot ang tubig sud saimong 330 containers so that the barangay can just
balay. Sud uy, kato nang bagyong sinyang. 331 take it away. During floods, the water
Nanggawas, bakwit mis san carlos basta 332 gets inside our homes. Very much
bagyo, kay member biya mi diha. 333 flooded like when typhoon Sinyang hit
334 us. We evacuate every time to San
335 Carlos whenever there’s a typhoon,
336 since we are members there.

P2: Sauna mga 16 rami diha, ‘nya karon 337 P2: We used to have only 16 residences
daghan naman nag abang abang dira, mga 338 here, but now there are many who rent
basura iitsa langs sapa. Kanang mura wala 339 around here, and they also throw their
gani basurahan ba, isud unta nilag sako 340 trash into the river. For as if they don't
‘nya ilabay sa may scrap. Mao nang 341 have a trashcan, they should instead put
masuko si kapitan ani kay pataka rag 342 it in a sack and dispose of it at the scrap.
labay. Kami isarapon man namo among 343 That's why our kapitan gets mad about
basura. 344 this because they don't dispose of their
345 garbage properly. But we dispose of
346 ours properly.

I: Para nimo nay nakabantay ka atong 347 I: For you, were you able to notice the
pagsugod nila atong trabaho didto sa 348 rehabilitation work they started at the
river? 349 river?

P2: Oo kuan naman to sila, murag buwan 350 P2: Yes, they stayed for around a month,
naman to sila kapin, paspasan man. 351 just a short period. It was supposed to be
Kay dira raman unta na kutob sa may 352 by the overpass, by the bridge, which is
overpass. Anang taytayan duol raman. 353 just nearby. They finished working on
Gitiwas sa nila ang wa pa nahuman sauna. 354 the unfinished parts, although some
Kanang amoa diri naa pay tiwasonon dra. 355 parts still need finishing near our home.

I: Para nimo nay gaunsa man sila didto? 356 I: For you, what do you think they are
Kanang trabaho nila. 357 doing? The work they are doing.
P2: Para sa depensas baha. Katong 358 P2: For the defense against floods. Their
trabaho nila? Kuan gipalawman ang sapa 359 work? Like they deepened the river and
‘nya gi-riprap. 360 added ripraps.

I: Para unsa gali nang pag riprap nay? 361 I: What is the purpose of the ripraps
362 again?

P2: Oo gi-riprap nila kay kung di na 363 P2: They added rip-raps because the
riprap-on, sud gud nang tubig sa amoa. 364 river waters would flood our homes if
Karon di nana mosud kay gipatas-an 365 they didn't. Now, it will not since they
naman nila. ‘Nya gi kalutan ang ilawm ba 366 have increased their height. Then, they
‘nya gikuanan og semento. Gipahubas sa 367 dug out the bottom and added cement.
They let the water evaporate, bulldozed
nila ba ‘nya ilang gibulldoze, butangan 368
it, and added cement, like in Guadalupe.
nyag semento. Pareha guadalupe. Pero 369 But it's still very filthy since trash is still
hugaw ra gihapon kay itsahan man mi 370 thrown in our river.
permig basura. 371

I: Gihunongan man daw na, nay? 372 I: They said that they halted the
373 operation, right?

P2: Gihunongan. Kutob ranang tulay, diri 374 P2: They halted it. They just worked
wa pa sa pikas 375 until they reached the bridge; the other
376 side hasn't been affected yet.

I: Dili na nila ipadayun? 377 I: Are they not gonna continue it?

P2: Ah, maygpadayun na kay taga diri nas 378 P2: They’ll continue it since they’re
siyudad. Dili man to taga diri ang 379 from the city. The ones who finished it
nagtiwas ato, ang kanang mga dayu ba. 380 weren't from here, the dayus. Because I
Kay ang pangutana nako diha, kay didto 381 ask them since I live on the other side.
man kos pikas. Niana to akong anak na 382 My child said that the workers were
taga Manila daw to 383 from Manila.

I: Katung nagtrabaho dira karon nay, ila 384 I: The ones working there right now, did
nang gipanglimpyo ang mga basura or 385 they clean the garbage around or did
wala rasad? 386 they do nothing?
P2: Gi bulldoze nila uy, tua tanan sa mga 387 P2: They bulldozed it; it's all at the
dan-ok. gibulldoze mana ‘nya naanod ‘nya 388 dump. They bulldozed the trash, and it
ang uban gisud nilas sako ang katong 389 got washed away by the river. They kept
uga, pero ang basa di man makaya nila, 390 the dry trash in sacks, but the wet trash
ilang gibulldoze. Ang kami ang delikado 391 that they weren't able to remove was just
diri. Wa may nangreklamo diha sa city 392 bulldozed. We’re the ones in danger
hall. ‘Nya ana sila idemolish. Bisan 393 here. No one complained at the city hall.
pademolish pero asa man silag 394 And they said to demolish. Maybe
kabutangan namo? 395 they’ll even demolish our homes but
396 where will they even put us?

I: ‘Tong unang nagsugod ang gibuhat nila 397 I: When they started their work at the
dira sa sapa, kumusta naman ang 398 river, how was the experience with the
experience nimo dira sa sapa? Unsay 399 river? What changed? What’s different?
nailis? Unsay nalain? 400

P2: Wala raman, gihollow block raman 401 P2: Not much; they added hollow
nila ay di ‘nya ila ramang gi-riprap mao 402 blocks and rip-raps. They dug out the
raman na. Gikalutan, gikuanan rag 403 river and added cement. They should’ve
semento mao ra. Maypag gidalanan na og 404 also paved for walkways.
agianan. 405

I: Kani nay nakatabang ratong pagbuhat 406 I: Did you notice that they started
nila dihas sapa nay? 407 working at the river?

P2: Oo kay ‘tong last ana paghimo 408 P2: Yes, because the time they put it up,
nagbaha man to’g kusog, okay ra wa ra 409 it flooded hard, it was okay, it didn't
sila maabot, pero didto sa amo nisaka, kay 410 flood other places, but the water reached
waman riprap sa pikas 411 our house, because they didn't put riprap
412 walls on the other side.

I: Sa pagripap, di na maabot sa balay? 413 I: When putting the riprap walls, doesn’t
414 it reach the house?

P2: Di na. Lawm na kaayong sapa nila. 415 P2: Not anymore. Their river is deep
416 now.

I: Karon nay ang sapa, naa paba nay isda 417 I: Are there still any fish in the river or
didto or wa na? 418 not anymore?
P2: Karon? Ay wa nana uy. Sobrang init 419 P2: Now? Not anymore. It’s very hot,
uy, wa nanay mabuhi dira. Ang basura 420 no fish will survive there. But there’s
may daghan. Kay dili ramay tao maglabay 421 lots of garbage. It’s not only people that
dira. Naay maglabay dira na pick-up, 422 throw trash. Pick-up trucks as well, they
ilabay nila ang sinako, iitsa. Kung 423 throw sacks of garbage. When called
badlungon, ditso ra padagan. Kung 424 out, they drive away. If you take a
picturan nimo, layo naman, larga naman. 425 picture, they’re too far already, they
Sauna maglaba mi diha, maghayhayan mi 426 drove away already. Back then we used
diha, karon di na hugaw na kaayo, baho. 427 to do our laundry there, and hang up our
428 clothes. Now, not anymore. It’s very
429 filthy and it smells bad.

I: Pagabot sa mga bag-ong tao noh wala 430 I: When people started to move here,
na silay respeto sa sapa. 431 they didn’t have any respect for the
432 river’s cleanliness anymore, right?

P2: Lagi nalimpyo na ang sapa mga 1991, 433 P2: Yes. The river was clean back in
limpyo pa kaayo na. Karon di na, hugaw 434 1991, it used to be so clean. Now, not
na kaayo. Tingala mi “hugawa na aning 435 anymore, it’s very filthy now. We were
sapa”. Karon di na kalaba kay tanan 436 shocked. “This river is so filthy.” Now,
hugaw naa na diha, [unintelligible] pagud 437 we don’t have to worry because all the
na. 438 trash is there. It's still [unintelligible]

I: Nindot unta kung ang gitrabaho nila 439 I: It would be nice if their work could
makatabang ug limpyo puds sapa ba. 440 help in cleaning the river.

P2: Makatabang lagi, pero ang problema 441 P2: It would help, but the problem are
kay ang namuyo, dili makatabang. Hugaw 442 the residents. They’re filthy. They even
gyud sila. Badlungon man gali na. 443 get scolded at.

I: Paras imoha nay unsa may expect 444 I: For you, what can you expect from
nimong mahitabo sa kuan sa inyoha sa 445 the repairs that they’re doing? What are
ilang gibuhat dira? Unsay mga resulta 446 the results?

P2: Di pud ko kasturya ana kay basig 447 P2: I can’t say anything about that
mudako ang baha pag la nina ba, lisod 448 because maybe the flood will rise during
man sad gud maabot na dira uy, sauna 449 La Niña, but it’ll be hard for it to reach,
abot gud na, lapok kay nang mga balay 450 although it did used to reach, the houses
dihas ubos, gipabilta na gani na daan, pag 451 below were very muddy, it was
452 announced in the news, be prepared for
andam-andam mos la nina. Kami ig kusog 453 La Niña. As for us, if it rains hard, we
sa ulan, bakwit man mi dayun. 454 evacuate immediately.

I: Unsay ganahan nimo mahitabo nay og 455 I: If they continued it, what would you
ipadayun nila? 456 want to happen?

P2: Ang gusto nako kanang limpyo, ilang 457 P2: I want it to be clean, for them to
limpyohan, kay palayos sakit. Lain kay’g 458 clean it, to avoid sickness. It’d be
makuha kay naa biya tay gagmayng bata 459 unfortunate to get sick because we have
diha. Mga sakit sakit ba. Kay naa ra biya 460 small children here, and my grandchild
akong apo na isa, masakiton biya na 461 gets sick very easily.

I: Daghang mga lamok dira nay?​ 462 I: Are there lots of mosquitoes there?

P2: Daghag lamok uy. Kada gabii 463 P2: Yes, there are a lot. Every night, I
magdaob man ko dira gud. Magpaaso man 464 burn trash over there to smoke out the
ko. Hugaw kaayo nang sapa. Tanawa 465 area. The river is so dirty. Look at all the
ragud nang basura dira oh. Basta 466 trash there. If you cross the other side,
mulabang kas pikas, pwerting daghana 467 there is lots of garbage; wood, plastic,
nag basura, naay mga kahoy, plastik, 468 and sacks filled with trash. They throw
sinako. Ilabay na nilag magabii, di na sila 469 it at night, not during the day, because I
maglabayg mag adlaw kay badlongon 470 call them out. We take pictures. I guard
man nako. Mamicture man mi. Akoy 471 there around 1 am or 3 am, early so that
magbantay dira mga ala una, alas tres. 472 no one will be throwing garbage. It is so
Sayo para way maglabay. Sinako na lagi 473 dirty with the sacks of plastic. The river
mga plastik plastik hugaw lagi kaayo. Ang 474 is so filthy the barangay should do
sapa hugaw kaayo dapat ang barangay 475 something about it. Now, people from
mulihok pud sila. Karon naa nay 476 the city hall work at night at 6-12pm
magaduty diri ig gabii 6pm-12pm. Taga 477 here.
cityhall. 478

I: Sa mga giingon nimo nay, pagsauna 479 I: From what you said, nay, was the
gamit ba kaynang sapa sa pagtabang sa 480 river useful in your daily life before?
inyong kinabuhi? 481

P2: Oo, maglaba mis una dira uy, maglaba 482 P2: Yes, we’d do our laundry there
jud mi diha sauna. Among balay noh 483 before. Below our house, there’s a CR.
purtahan, ubos sa among balay cr na, sa 484 To our back, there’s a dam. Whenever it
likod namo, dam na diha, kusog na gani 485 rained hard, we’d open the dam because
ang sa ulan baha, ablihan tong dam, kay 486 the water overflows, it’d be hard if they
ang tubig ,muapaw gud biya gyud lisod 487 didn’t open it because that’s where the
pud og di ablihan kay adto biya mudagan 488 water flows. They took the dam because
ang tubig. Gikuha na ang dam kay hugaw 489 it was dirty already. The dam was full of
naman gyud kaayo gud. Puno naman to 490 garbage.
ang dam ug basura. 491

I: Karon nay, unsa namay experience 492 I: What are your experiences with the
nimo sa baha sa sapa diha karon, unsa 493 river now? How is it different from
kalahian sauna? 494 before?

P2: Lahi rajud sa una, mas grabe ‘ron. 495 P2: It was just so different from before.
Kay puno nas basura. Uga najud kaayo 496 It’s full of trash now. It’s so dry now it
dili na matabang. Kami badlungon na 497 can’t be helped. We call them out there.
namo diha. 498

I: Kani nay maabot tas atong part 2 sa 499 I: Now we’re at the second part of our
atong interview. Para nimo unsa may mga 500 interview. For you, nay, what are the
challenges dira sa sapa, unsay dakong 501 challenges at the river, what is the big
problema karong panahon? 502 problem nowadays?

P2: Ang problema diha kay ang baha, 503 P2: The problem there is the flood,
basura, lamok. Mao ragyud na ang 504 trash, mosquitoes. That’s the only
problema. Bisag kinsa raman gud ang 505 problem. Because random people throw
maglabay diha. Mga mangaging sakyanan, 506 their garbage there. Passing cars and
ipanglabay dira mga sinako. 507 throwing their sacked garbage.

I: Daghag masakit tungod sa sapa, nay? 508 I: Are there lots of people who get sick
509 because of the river, nay?

P2: Oo daghan masakit-sakit uy, naa man 510 P2: Yes, a lot of people get sick. There
gani namatay tungod diha sa amo oh. 511 was even someone who died near our
Gihubak ‘nya gida ug cagayan. Baho man 512 house. They had an asthma attack and
kaayo diha gud, ‘nya gikan to siya gawas 513 they were brought to cagayan. It’s
sa ospital ‘nya ang baho naanggap niya 514 because it smells bad there. They were
diha. Astang daghanag lagum lagi. 515 just discharged from the hospital, then
Daoban na namo diha, naa man say 516 they breathed in the smell. There were
nasuko sa atbang kay naa puy hubakon edi 517 lots of dark areas. We’d burn trash there,
among gipatay. Kay para man to pampatay 518 but there’d be someone who’d get mad
ba para way langaw. 519 because someone could get an asthma
520 attack, so we put it out. That was for
 521 killing the mosquitoes.

I: Sa kaning mga problema na iyong 522 I: With these problems you face
maagian kada adlaw, unsa may buhaton 523 everyday, what will you do to overcome
ninyo para makaagi sa kaning mga 524 these? What are your solutions?
problema? Unsa man inyong mga 525
solusyon ani? 526

P2: Diha sa sapa? Mao ra na diha ang 527 P2: At the river? That’s the only river. If
sapa. Ug gusto lang mig, sweldohan sa 528 only the government paid us, we’d do
gobyerno, kami nalay limpyo suds sako. 529 the cleaning.

I: ‘Nya kung mubaha, muhawa ramo? 530 I: And if there’s flood, will you just
Mubalhin ramo? 531 leave? Will you just evacuate?

P2: Ay, kung magbaha na, mubakwit jud 532 P2: If it floods, we will really evacuate.
mi uy. 533

I: Sa kani nay, lain rajud ang experience 534 I: During weather events like rain and
nimo sa mga tao na wa gapuyo duol sa 535 typhoons, what is it like for residents
sapa? 536 like you?

P2: Oo, sa siyudad ana. Paet jud ug sa 537 P2: Yes it is really different from the
magulan kay magbantay jud sa baha ani. 538 city, here we have to be alert in case a
‘Tong bagyo wa miy tulog tulog kay kalit 539 flood comes. During the typhoon back
raman mutangas ang tubig diha kay mubo 540 then, we couldn't sleep because we had
ra biya nas amo kay wa man nahuman ug 541 to be attentive most of the time since the
riprap. Ang tubigs taytayan diri na. Luoy 542 water level rises very fast. The water
kayng mga bata, gipasan najud to ang mga 543 under the bridge is usually up to here.
bata. 544 The kids went through a hard time to the
545 point that they were being carried.

I: ‘Nya karon nay unsa may paminaw 546 I: What do you feel about the ongoing
nimo sa gipangbuhat na trabaho dira, 547 construction, nay?
ganahan raka or unsa? 548

P2: Di ko ganahan lagi 549 P2: I don't like it.

I: Unsa man imong di ganahan? 550 I: What don't you like about it?
P2: Mao raman gihapon na og ganahan ta 551 P2: Either way, if we like it, it would
diha, ig baha kitaman gihapon may 552 still be us who’s to deal with the
mamobroblema gihimo nila para namo, 553 problem they made for us. If only they’d
mayntang mutabang sila. Ang ilang dalan 554 help us. The roads are still the same,
ingana raman, ayg ingna di musaka ang 555 don’t tell me the flood won’t rise,
baha dira, saka ra gihapon, igo ra 556 because it will still rise. They only
gikubkuban. digged it up.

I: Kani nay sa tananag imong giingon nay 557 I: With all that you’ve said, what have
unsa man imong makita sa pag sustain ug 558 you seen from their ways of sustaining
pag improve sa inyong gipuyan diha sa 559 and improving your area in the river as a
sapa as a resident unsa may maingon 560 resident, what can you say about that?
nimo? 561

P2: Tanaw ko na murag di man kaayo na 563 P2: I believe there will be no
mo improve nang lugara uy haha. Tanan 564 improvement in the area haha. All of the
gyud tao. Kung naa ramiy kapuyan lain, 565 people. If only we had another place to
mamalhin mi uy daghan jud gaingon diha 566 stay at, we would move. To tell you
jd. Dili jud na maimprove nang mga tao 567 honestly, the people will never improve
diha sultian talang ka. Nya naa pay 568 at all. There are also people who don’t
mangisnob dira dili taga diri. Mga tao 569 live here who’ll roll their eyes at us. The
ragyud magdag problema ug kining mga 570 people themselves are the ones who
gobyerno sad nga mga way tabang sa 571 bring problems and the government who
uban. Dili gud na maimprove dira bisag pa 572 can’t help us. Way back ‘78 up until
gani ‘tong mga ‘78 wa man gani 573 now there were no improvements at all.
naimprove. 574

Verbatim Line English Translation

no.

T3(P3)

I: Asa man mo dapit gapuyo? 575 I: In which area do you live in?

P3: Didto gyud sa unahan. 576 P3: Just up ahead.

I: Sa ubos? 577 I: At the lower area?​

P3: Oo sa ubos jud, didto dapit sa sapa. 578 P3: Yes, the lower area, near the river.
I: Unsa namo kadugay dira gapuyo, nay? 579 I: How long have you lived there?

P3: Kuan nami diha 20 years, 20 years 580 P3: Around twenty years. I’ve lived
nako diha. 581 there for twenty years.

I: Nakabantay ka atong sa pagsugod ug 582 I: Were you able to notice the start of
trabaho atong mga ni agi sa sapa? 583 the river work? The activities taking
584 place?

P3: Wa jud ko kabantay. 585 P3: I didn’t notice.

I: Giingnan mo nga mutrabaho sila or 586 I: Did they inform you that they’ll work
nikalit rag abot? 587 there, or did they arrive unannounced?

P3: Nikalit ra silag abot, wala jud mi 588 P3: They arrived unannounced and
gipang ingnan. Nahibong nalang gani mi 589 didn’t inform us. We were shocked to
nganong gi alihan nila, ‘nya among gi 590 learn why they blocked the river, and we
ingnan nga— “ngano gi alihan mana 591 told them that the trash would pile up if
ninyo ‘nya ang mga basura, maungot na 592 they did. They said it was what the
nuon”. ‘Nya mao man daw ni kuan sa 593 government told them to do, and they
gobyerno, na kuanon nila ‘nya wa naman 594 couldn’t do anything about it.
sad daw silay mahimo. 595

I: Para nimo nay, unsay gibuhat nila didto 596 I: What do you think they are doing
‘ron sa sapa? 597 with the river?

P3: Karon humana silang riprap, humana 598 P3: They finished the rip-rap walls and
silag kuan sa kilid, ‘nya nanghipos napud 599 are now cleaning up. I asked if that was
sila. Nya akong giingnan nga inana rana 600 it, and said that they only stacked up
sha kuya? Inyo ranang biyaan ‘nya 601 rocks and that it looked dirty. They said
gitambakan pa ninyog mga bato-bato, 602 just to let it be because they’ll still
‘nya hugaw kaayo tanawon ‘ya. Ana 603 return to fix it. But until now, they still
dayun toh siya nga sagdi lang, kay balikon 604 haven’t come back.
rana namo, ‘nya hangtod karon wa 605
gihapon balika. 606

I: Karon nay, unsa may kanang kuan 607 I: Now, in their work, what did it help in
kanang sa ilang gitrabaho dira, unsa may 608 your community, what happened, and
nakatabang dira sa inyong lugar, unsay 609 what are the effects of their work?
nahitabo ug unsay epekto sa ilang 610
gipangtrabaho? 611

P3: Kuan samok ang mga basura kay mga 612 P3: The trash that gets caught is
sangit ba, dili nimo ma itsa sa tunga kay 613 annoying. You can no longer throw in
naa naman didto katong ilang gibutang sa 614 the middle because of what they erected
kilid. Mao toh amo nalang gikuan, amo 615 at the sides. That's why what we chose
nalang gisud ug sako, ‘nya ug naay 616 to do instead was to put our trash in
mokuhag basura diri amo ra igawas. dili 617 sacks, and if the trash collector came,
nalang mi molabay sa sapa, kay bawal 618 we would just leave it outside for them
naman pud molabay sa sapa ug basura. 619 to collect.

I: Negative rajud ang nahitabo diri? Wala 620 I: Is their work only having negative
ray nitabang? 621 effects? Did none of it help?

P3: Wala, wala raman. 622 P3: Nothing, just nothing.

I: Para nimo nay, unsay kuan expectations 623 I: For you, what are your expectations
nimo sa mahitabo dira sa gitrabaho? 624 from their work? What do you wish to
Unsay gusto nimo mahitabo sa ilang 625 happen from what they are doing?
gipangbuhat? 626

P3: Kuhaon na unta na nila uy, kuhaon 627 P3: I hope they get rid of it. They
nila kay samok jud. 628 should get rid of it since its annoying.

I: Nindot pud ug makalimpyo sila nay 629 I: Are they doing a good job at
noh? 630 cleaning?

P3: Okay ra kung ilang gikuan gi inana, 631 P3: It would’ve been nice if they had
ang katong dapit diri sa side sa amoa, sa 632 done it like that, like the one near the
mga balay-balay, sa kilid-kilid. Ila unta gi 633 side of our area, right by the houses, at
flat ug semento. Wala man, ila raman 634 the sides. They should’ve flattened it
gitambakan ug mga bato. Igo ra 635 and cemented it. But they didn’t; they
gipalapdan nila. Gikuhaan paman gali na 636 just added stones. They just extended it;
nilag kuan, gamay nalang kayng sapa. 637 they even removed some, and now only
Pwerti jung gamaya, ‘nya ang basura ani 638 a little of the river remains. Very little,
mapuno pajud ni dinhi. 639 now it’s just going to get filled up with
640 garbage.

I: Kuan nay, ang sapa diri nay unsa may 641 I: How does the river here affect the
apekto ana diri sa mga tao gapuyo diri sa 642 residents who live in your community?
inyong lugar? 643

P3: Baho. Daghan ug lamok. 644 P3: It smells. There are a lot of
645 mosquitoes.

I: Naay mga nasakit? 646 I: Do people get sick?

P3: Wala may masakiton didto. 647 P3: No one is prone to sickness there.

I: Sa kada adlaw ninyo na kinabuhi nay, 648 I: In your everyday life, what are the
unsa may epekto sa sapa? 649 effects of the river?

P3: Lain jug baho. Naay mang labay ug 650 P3: The smell is weird. People are
anso, baho kay’g tae, kay naa may uban 651 throwing out something rancid, it reeks
diha na walay cr. 652 of poo. Because there are some who
653 don't have a CR.

I: Kato bag-o paka gapuyo diri nay, 654 I: When you were still a new resident
limpyo pato or hugaw na daan? 655 here, was the river clean or dirty?

P3: Hugaw na daan. Pagpuyo namo diha, 656 P3: Already dirty. When we started
hugaw naman ang sapa jud daan. 657 living here, the river was already dirty.

I: Unsa may mga kuan, mga kalisoran sa 658 I: What are the challenges of living near
pagpuyo nimo dapit sa sapa? 659 the river?

P3: Kanang magbaha na. 660 P3: When it floods.

I: Magbaha taga uwan? 661 I: Does it flood every time it rains?

P3: Oo, taga uwan magbaha gyud na diha. 662 P3: Yes, it floods every time it rains.

I: Unsa may mahitabo ug magbaha na dira 663 I: What would happen if it would flood?
nay? 664

P3: Ma anod ang mga gamit, kay naa 665 P3: Since I reside at the bottom, near the
baya jud kos ubos, sa may riprap pajud ko 666 rip-rap, our items get flooded. If it
na side. Inig kabaha, aw hinay-hinay ug 667 floods, bit by bit, we bring up our items
saka sa babaw ang mga gamit, para di jud 668 so they won't get totally flooded.
mga anod. 669
I: So galisod jud mo ato? 670 I: So it was a struggle for you?

P3: Oo, lisod uy. Kay pag last ato na 671 P3: Definitely a struggle. The last time
anod, nangalangkat tanan ako mga 672 we got flooded, our walls were getting
bongbong, mga sanina tanan, mga sanina 673 stripped off, and all the clothes, the
sa bata. kusog naman kaayo. 674 clothes of the children. It was very
675 strong.

I: Sa pag agi nimo ani nay, unsa may 676 I: From your experience, what do you
buhaton sa mga panahon nga maproblema 677 do in times when you’re encountering
mo dira? Unsay paagi ninyo, mag baha ba, 678 these problems? What are your
bagyo, mga inana? 679 procedures if floods or typhoons hit, like
680 those?

P3: Oo adto rami sa gym. 681 P3: We go to the gym.

I: Asa nga gym? 682 I: Which gym?

P3: Diris Sambag Uno. 683 P3: The one here in Sambag Uno.

I: Adto mo mag evacuate? 684 I: That's where you evacuate?

P3: Oo, adto mi mo evacuate. 685 P3: Yes, that’s where we evacuate.

I: Sa mga panahon nay nga sobra kay’g 686 I: In times when there is excessive rain
ulan, or naay bagyo, unsa may mahitabo 687 or a typhoon, what happens to the area
diri dapit sa inyoha? 688 you live in?

P3: Aw mga tang-tang ang sin uy, ang 689 P3: The corrugated sheets are ripped
mga kahoy mga guba. Kay ug wala pana 690 off, and the trees are destroyed. Because
amoa diha tapad sa among silingan, haros 691 if our home wasn't there beside our
nami tanan diha uy. Naa nay dako na 692 neighbors, all of us would be gone.
balay diha sa amoa gyud na nakasalipod 693 There is a big house obscuring us, and if
namo ba, kay kung wala pud na siya haros 694 they weren’t there, we would all be gone
mi tanan diha. Kay mao raman jud na 695 aswell. They are the only ones we’re
among gikuanan, kana rajud siya, kay 696 relying on because if that big house gets
kung pananglitan ang kanang dako na 697 damaged, we help fix it because if we
balay naay guba-guba, among tabangan 698 don't, we’d all be gone.
kay ug among pasagdan, ma haros man mi 699
tanan. 700

I: Para nimo nay, unsa may mga rason sa 701 I: For you, what are the reasons for all
kuan hugaw dira sa sapa? 702 the filth in the river?

P3: Kanang mga basura jud, mao nay 703 P3: All the garbage, pretty much, that's
hugaw. 704 what's causing the filth.

I: Asa mana gikan ang mga basura? 705 I: Where does this trash come from?

P3: Gikan jud nas Guadalupe. Sa babaw 706 P3: Definitely from Guadalupe. From
jud na, ila mana ipa anod padung diri. 707 the upper section, since they wash down
708 their garbage towards here.

I: Sauna nay, naa nay mga kuan dira mga 709 I: Back then, were there fishes there?
isda? 710

P3: Naa na dira sauna, malabhan pana 711 P3: There used to be back then, we
sauna, maligoan pana. Karon hugaw na 712 could even wash our clothes there and
kaayo, di najud malabhan, pwerti najung 713 even take a bath. Now it is too filthy,
hugawa, itom na kaayo di najud maklaro. 714 you can't wash clothes, it's just so filthy,
715 you can’t even see through it because of
716 how dark it is.

I: Klaro manang tubig dira sauna? 717 I: Did the water used to be clear?

P3: Oo, klaro pa. Klaro man gali mi dira 718 P3: Yes, it used to be. It was clear
mangaligo. Oo kami sa akong mga anak 719 enough for us to bathe. Yes, my children
ara mi maligo, karon kay di na. Kung mga 720 and I used to bathe there, but now we
naog sa sapa kay maligo ‘nya mag 721 don't. I scold them if they come down to
yawyaw nako kay hugaw kaayo ba. Ara 722 the river to bathe because of how filthy
baya na agi ang kanang kuan sa sakit sa 723 it is. Since that's where the
[unintelligible] kanang tubig ara baya na 724 [unintelligible] disease travels, the water
dayun sa sapa, ‘nya among badlungon kay 725 in the river, and we scold them for being
gahi kaayog ulo. 726 hard-headed.

I: Wala raman kaha sila nasakit? 727 I: They didn't even get sick, right?

P3: Aw wala ra nuon, kaluoy-an tawns 728 P3: aw, good thing they didn't, mercy
Ginoo, wa rajud tawn naunsa. 729 from the Lord, nothing really happened
 730 to them.

I: Sa imong paagi nay, para nimo lahi 731 I: From your experiences, is your
rajud kays tanan na agian ninyo nga 732 experience very different since you live
gapuyo dira dapit sa sapa kaysa sa mga 733 by the river compared to people who
tao na wala gapuyo dira dapit sa sapa? 734 don't live there?

P3: Amoa unta ana kay mag tinabangay 735 P3: For us, we just help each other.
lang unta ta. Kay kung kami gai dinha, 736 Even us who live there clean every
taga sabado amo jud na limpyohan dinha, 737 Saturday. We put the garbage in sacks,
kanang mga basura amo ibutang sud sa 738 and if there is a garbage truck from the
sako, ‘nya ug kung naa nay garbage truck 739 barangay, we cooperate with them so the
ang mga taga barangay, makig cooperate 740 trash is collected. Because the hardest
mi sa taga barangay para makuha jud ang 741 thing there is the garbage. It’s even
basura. Kay ang pinakalisod jud dinha kay 742 worse now because of the heat, it's
ang basura sa sapa. Samot na ‘ron kay init, 743 steaming, it smells awful at our place,
alisngaw, baho kaayo dinha sa amoa, 744 and it's steaming so much. I stay at the
alisngaw jud kaayo. Naa bakos pinaka 745 bottom, and they still throw their trash
ubos, ‘nya ilahang mga basura ilaha sad 746 down in front of us. I even scream at
ilabay sa tungod namo. Mag yaw-yaw 747 them and ask them who they are to have
lagi kog unsa man mo uy, wa man moy 748 no manners. I tell them whose rights let
mga buot diri uy. Ingnon siya siyay 749 them throw their garbage anywhere. Just
magbuot, asa man nato ilabay. Isud ug 750 put it in a sack, then just place it outside
sako inyong sagbot, kung naay collector 751 when a collector arrives, not to throw it
nato diri atong ipagawas, dili nato iitsa sa 752 straight into the river. How can we even
sapa. Unsaon pag limpyo sa sapa nga sige 753 clean the river if trash is constantly
rana ug labay. 754 thrown?

I: Bitaw, pila raman intawn na pagsud sa 755 I: Right, how hard is it to keep it in
sako. 756 sacks.

P3: Oo, pila raman na ang basura isud sa 757 P3: Yes, how hard is it to keep trash in
sako, ilain-lain nato, isegregate nato, kay 758 sacks, categorize it, then segregate it
ang collector di baya na sila mokuha ug 759 because the collectors don't take the
ipon-ipon na mga basura. 760 piling trash.

I: Daghan na kays tanan gatabang na dili 761 I: Throwing trash properly already helps
na magpataka ug labay. 762 so much.

P3: Oo, naa nay mangmolta ug magpataka 763 P3: Yes, there is now a fine for improper
kag labay-labay. Gi meeting man mi atong 764 waste disposal. We had a meeting last
Wednesday, didto sa barangay na ang mga 765 Wednesday at the barangay, and it was
basura isegregate. Kung dili isegregate, 766 said to segregate our trash. Because if
mangmolta raman mi. 767 we didn't, we would be fined.

I: Para nimo, nay, unsay paminaw nimo sa 768 I: For you, how do you feel about what
gipang trabaho nila diha sa sapa? 769 they are working at the river?

P3: Kami wala man mi kuan kay ang 770 P3: We don't really have much to say
gobyerno naman gyud ang nagkuan ana 771 since it's all up to the government. What
gud. Unsa ramay kuan namo? Ilaha man 772 can we even say? It's their decision.
jud nang desisyon dinha. 773

I: Nindot ra ila trabaho or unsa man? 774 I: Is their work good or what?

P3: Ah, kuan okay raman, nindot raman 775 P3: Ah, it’s okay. Their work is good
ilahang pagtrabaho. Ang amoa lang kay, 776 enough. For us, though, the trash gets
inig ka baha ba kay moungot ya nang mga 777 caught during floods, like it won't get
basura, dili man ditso bitaw. 778 washed down.

I: Labi na magpadayon ug labay ang mga 779 I: Especially when the people still
tao. 780 continue throwing their garbage.

P3: Oo manga ungot jud na. Awa diba 781 P3: Definitely making it stuck. Look,
karon kay init, inig ka sunod ana nga 782 since it's hot now, the next time it rains,
uwan, mobaha man jud na. Ang mga 783 it’s going to flood again. The trash is
basura mo ungot jud na largo. 784 going to get stuck right away.

I: Sa imong mga panagian sa sapa nay, 785 I: From your experiences in the river,
unsay epekto ani sa imong pang 786 what are the effects of this in your
adlaw-adlaw nga kinabuhi? 787 day-to-day living?

P3: Mao raman toh katong baho kaayo. 788 P3: It’s mainly just the putrid smell. It’s
Mao rajud na dihas amoa baho. 789 just the smell at our place.

I: Para nimo, nay, para ma nindot ang 790 I: For you, to improve the quality of life
pang kinabuhi ninyo dira dapit sa sapa, 791 by the river, what needs to be done on
unsa may kailangan buhaton sa sapa? 792 the river?

P3: Limpyohan lang jud. Para dili jud 793 P3: You just have to clean it. So it
kanang kuan makaapekto, naa biyay mga 794 doesn’t affect much, there are children
bata mga sakit, ‘nya tungod sa kabaho 795 who might get sick just because of how
anang mga basura. 796 bad the trash smells.

797
I: Sa inyong area, unsa may ganahan nimo 798 I: In your area, what positive change do
makit-an nga nindot ug bag-o? you want to see?
799
P3: Kuan kanang ma nindot lang siya ba, 800 P3: Hopefully it gets cleaned. Properly
malimpyo ba. Limpyohon jud. Kana diras 801 cleaned. What’s important where we
amoa, ang importante jud kay kanang mag 802 live is lending a helping hand, because
tinabangay mi, kay naa man pud mi diray 803 we have neighbors that get mad because
uban silingan manga suko kay 804 we clean. I told them they should clean
manglimpyo ta manga suko. Ingnan tag 805 their own place, you clean your place,
kamo lay limpyo dinha ‘nya iyahay ta, ko 806 we clean our place. That’s what they do,
sige iyahay ta adto mo limpyos inyoha, ari 807 always counting favors. You count
mi diri. Mao na mag sige tag 808 favors but it’s yourself that gets affected.
kwentahanay. Mag kwentahanay ta pero 809 And there are children, and they get
kita rapuy ma apektohan. ‘Nya naa rabay 810 sick, it’s sad.
mga bata, ‘nya mga sakit, luoy kaayo.
811
I: Lisod lage kay ang uban gahi kayg ulo. 812 I: It’s hard because others are really
hard-headed.
813
P3: Ang uban gahi kayg ulo, sus mag 814 P3: Others are really hard-headed, jeez
away nalang gud mi. Ingnon nalang gud 815 we end up fighting. I tell them
nako nga bahala mo dira oy, basta 816 “Whatever, we’ll clean our place no
manglimpyo ko dapitas amoa. matter what you say.”
817
I: Wala say mang disiplina dira? I: They aren’t disciplined?
818
P3: Walay mang disiplina. P3: They don’t have discipline.
819
I: Sayon ra kaayo ang buhaton unta. I: It’s supposed to be something easy.
820
P3: Sayon raman gyud kung mag 821 P3: It would be easy if people
cooperate ang uban tao, pero mag iyahay 822 cooperated, but they act selfishly, they
man, mag kwentahanay. count favors.
823
I: So kani last question, nay, sa tanan 824 I: So for our last question, from all of
nimo gipang sturya, sa tanan na nahitabo 825 the things you’ve said and from all of
na na agian nimo diras sapa, unsa may 826 the things that you went through while
kuan nimo na maka sustain dira sa sapa, 827 living near the river, what do you think
unsa man juy makadag nindot dira, unsa 828 can sustain or what can make the river
kailangan buhaton dira taga adlaw para 829 better, what do you need to do in your
ma improve ang inyong kinabuhi dira? 830 daily life that can improve your life
there?
831
P3: [unintelligible] Tinabangay ug limpyo 832 P3: Helping each other in cleaning,
mao rajud na akong hangyo nila kay para 833 that’s all I’m asking of them. Because if
sa kaayohan raba nas tanan. Kay kung 834 someone gets sick, it'd be hard because
manga sakit, lisod jud raba wa rabay mga 835 we don’t have money. That’s why we
kwarta. Mao mag tinabangay nalang ta mi 836 should help each other in cleaning.
dira. Mga iyaan dira among ingon 837 We’ll tell the residents “We’re going to
“Manglimpyo ta ‘nya naa tay schedule, 838 clean and have a schedule so that
para di manga sakit mga bata, naa rabay 839 children won’t get sick because we have
tay mga gagmay na anak.” Usahay raba 840 small children.” The children here get
mga bata dali ra kaayo manga sakit. sick very easily.
841
I: Para nimo nay, madala panag maayo 842 I: In your opinion, nay, do you think the
balik inyong sapa? river can still be restored?
843
P3: Oo, madala pa na ug mag tinabangay. 844 P3: Yes, it can still be restored if we’d
Sa mga taga babaw di nalang unta na sila 845 help each other. And to the people that
manglabay ug basura. 846 live above, they shouldn’t throw trash
there.
T4(P4)

I: So, dugay naka nagpuyo didto sa kuan, 847 I: So, have you lived long there at
sa Purras? 848 Purras?

P4: Diha karong... dugay-dugay nako 849 P4: I’ve lived there a bit longer now.
nagpuyo diha. 850

I: Tibuok kinabuhi nimo? 851 I: Your whole life?

P4: Ay dili, kay akong bana ra naa diha 852 P4: No, because my husband lived
gapuyo sauna diha gyud s’ya gipanganak. 853 there before, he was born there, and
‘Nya ako, taga kuan man ko, taga Capiz. 854 I’m from Capiz.

I: Capiz? 855 I: Capiz?

P4: Mambusao, Capiz. 856 P4: Mambusao, Capiz.

I: Aw Capiz? Kalayo gud. 857 I: Oh, Capiz? That’s far.

P4: Mm. Taga Capiz kay Ilonggo man ko, 858 P4: Mm. I’m from Capiz because I’m
pero pagminyo nako sakong bana, mga... 859 Ilonggo, but when I got married to my
kuan, pag 17, 18, diri nako nagpuyo. ‘Nya 860 husband, when I was 17, 18, I moved
asta sa pagpanganak sakong ikaduha, 861 here. And when I gave birth to my
ikaupat, diri nako nipuyo. 862 second and fourth child, I lived here.

I: Ahh. 863 I: Ahh.

P4: Pero ako nang kamanghuran ron kay 864 P4: But my youngest child is 18 years
kuan naman edad, 18 years old naman. 865 old now.

I: So dugay naka nakakat-on og Bisaya 866 I: So you learned Bisaya a long time
diay ‘nay? 867 ago?

P4: ‘Nay ginagmay pero nagsagol ni’g 868 P4: A little, but it was still mixed with
Ilonggo akong kuan. Mm. 869 Ilonggo. Mm.

I: Mm. Sige. OK rana. 870 I: Mm. Okay. That’s okay.

P4: Di gyud na malikayan uy. 871 P4: I can’t avoid that.

I: Unang pangutana, kay kuan ni s’ya. 872 I: First question, this is Part one:
Part one: experience. So, number one. 873 experience. So, number one. Did you
Para nimo kahibaw ba ka nga naay river 874 know that there’s a river rehabilitation
rehabilitation program karon? 875 program now?

P4: Oo. 876 P4: Yes.

I: Kahibaw ka nga nahitabo na. Unsa man 877 I: You know that it’s happening. What
imong kuan nga, what do you think man is 878 do you think is happening? What are
happening. Unsa man ilang gibuhat karon, 879 they doing right now?
para nimo? 880

P4: Karon diha sa amoa kay naay kanang 881 P4: In our area, the road, they took I
dalan, kay kuhaan man kuno ni s’ya og 882 think it was three meters or six meters?
mga... pila to, three meters, six meter? Oo, 883 Yes, the road leading to the highway.
padung diri sa highway padung didto sa 884 And now they’re also taking the houses
sud. Unya karon naay, naay mga balay nga 885 away. And now [unintelligible] They’re
pang-panguwaon. ‘Nya karon, 886 taking three meters from the river.
[unintelligible] na kuno ang sapa. Ang 887 [unintelligible]
sapa kuhaa man daw og three meters. 888
‘Nya mao ni s’ya na, dapat ang sapa, dili 889
siya kuanon sa sapa kay [unintelligible] 890

I: Naa jud sila’y gipangkuha nga mga 891 I: They’re really taking houses away?
balay didto? 892

P4: Wala pa ron. Wala pa man kay giuna 893 P4: Not now. Not now because they’re
man nila og sugod ang kanang diha sa 894 starting with the roads. The highway.
dalan. Sa highway ba. 895

I: So dugay na na nahitabo? 896 I: So that happened long ago?

P4: Dugay-dugay na na ilang paggikan 897 P4: A long time ago. It would be better
diha uy may lang di idayon. 898 if they won’t go through with it.

I: Dili madayon? 899 I: It won’t happen?

P4: Oo. 900 P4: Yes.

I: So kuan, sunod. So unsa man imong 901 I: So, next. So what are your
mga kuan, mga experience nimo sa sapa 902 experiences with the river before the
before nahitabo tong rehabilitation 903 rehabilitation program happened?
program nila karon? 904

P4: Wala lang, nag kuan nami, katong pag 905 P4: Nothing much. During typhoon
bagyong Odette kay among balay sauna 906 Odette, our house, our kitchen got
naguba man to among kusina, mao na 907 damaged, that’s why we repaired it.
gipa-ayo namo. ‘Nya layo-layo raman mi 908 And we live a bit farther from the river,
sa sapa, pero mao lagi, ang sapa daghan 909 but still, the river still has a lot of trash.
og hugaw. Tanan nga hugaw nga gikan 910 All the trash comes from above, it goes
didto sa taas kay padung raman diri sa 911 down here.
ubos. 912

I: Hangtod karon? Ingon ana gihapon? 913 I: Up until now? It’s still like that?

P4: Ingon ana gihapon. Kay ang uban 914 P4: It’s still like that. Because there are
man diha gud, manglabay diha’g basura 915 people who don’t live there that throw
nga dili taga amoa. ‘Nay motor nga 916 their trash. There are also motors that
maglabay’g basura. 917 pass who throw their trash.

I: Ay, ingon ana jud na s’ya? 918 I: Oh, it’s really like that?

P4: Ingon ana na jud na siya hangtod 919 P4: It’s been like that up until now. The
karon. Sauna pa man na nga 920 river has been having problems for a
magkaproblema ang sapa. 921 long time.

I: Katong pag Odette kay nisaka ang 922 I: During Odette, did the water levels
tubig? 923 rise?

P4: Wala raman, natural raman. Mura rag 924 P4: No, it was natural. It was just like
tubig nga nag-agas. 925 water that was flowing from the faucet.

I: Hangin ra’y kusog? 926 I: Only the wind was hard?

P4: Oo. 927 P4: Yes.

I: Kung mag-uwan ‘la, kay mag unsa 928 I: When it rains there, what happens?
mana diha? 929
P4: Mo kuan siya, mo kuan, kanang diha 930 P4: The water rises about half the
sa riprap? Murag sa tunga-tunga ra na ang 931 height of the riprap.
tubig. 932

I: Taasa gud! Pero kon karon na, after sa 933 I: That’s high! But if now, after what
katong mga gipangtukod nila sa- 934 they’re building-

P4: [unintelligible] Ah nigamay naman 935 P4: [unintelligible] Ah, the river got
ang sapa kay ang basura. ‘Nya ang basura 936 small because of the trash. And the
mura nama’g na stuck-up didto sa kilid. 937 trash is clogged up.

I: Nakakita ba mo adtong kuan, katong 938 I: Have you seen the machines, the
mga machine, mga excavator? 939 excavators?

P4: Oo! Oo, katong gibuhat nila? 940 P4: Yes! Yes, the one they’re doing?

I: Oo. 941 I: Yes.

P4: Wa mi kahibaw kung para unsa to. 942 P4: We don’t know what that was for.

I: Ang nabantayan nako kay nawad-an 943 I: What I noticed was the garbage
man gud og ubang basura didto. 944 lessened there.

P4: Ay, nagtapok man nuon ang mga 945 P4: Oh, the garbage gathered there,
basura diha, tungod anang mga 946 because of what they’re doing there,
buhat-buhat nila noh? Ang basura dili 947 right? The garbage won’t go to the
naman modiritso sa sapa, ma stuck-up 948 river, they’ll just clog here.
nalang diri sa sulod. 949

I: ‘Nya lisod kaayo kuwaon. 950 I: And it’s hard to get it.

P4: [unintelligible] Ang uban way CR. 951 P4: [unintelligible] The other don’t
Mao’y problema sa mga tao diha sa amoa. 952 have a CR. That’s the problem of the
953 people there.

I: Asa mana ninyo kuanon ‘nay? Sapa? 954 I: Where do you do your business? At
955 the river?

P4: Mm. [unintelligible] Kami kay naa 956 P4: Mm. [unintelligible] I have a CR
man mi’y CR diha. 957 there.
I: Kuan ‘nay, sa mga experience nimo, 958 I: With your experiences, are there still
naa pa ba nay mag ligo-ligo diha? Sa 959 any people who bathe there? At the
sapa? 960 river?

P4: Sauna, kanang magligo-ligo magbaha 961 P4: Back then, they bathe during floods
kay malimpyo manang sapa ma wash-out 962 because the river gets clean, the flood
man ang mga basura. Mangaligo ang mga 963 washes out the trash. The children
bata diha sa sapa, kay limpyo naman. 964 bathe there because it was clean.

I: Pero kung dili magbaha? 965 I: But if it doesn’t flood?

P4: Wala jud. Walay ligo. 966 P4: No one bathes there.

I: Walay isda didto? 967 I: There are no fishes there?

P4: Naa man, naa mi’y mga bantak. Naa 968 P4: There are, we have fish traps.
man. 969 There are.

I: Karon? 970 I: Now?

P4: Naa man gihapon. Kanang naay 971 P4: There still are. When there is
magkuan sa tubig ba, isda mana. 972 something in the water, those are fish.
[laughing] 973 [laughing]

I: Naa man gu’y gabuhat og research diha 974 I: Someone did research on that,
‘nay, Guadalupe river diba? Ang diri 975 Guadalupe river, right? There are no
kutob didto sa asa siya gawas sa Pasil 976 fish from here up to its delta in Pasil.
dapit wala na daw isda diha. 977

P4: Murag diha ra siguro kutob kay diri 978 P4: It seems like it’s up until there
naa paman siguro’y isda. 979 because there are still fishes there, I
980 think.

I: Pero walay mangisda diha? [laughing] 981 I: But no one fishes there? [laughing]

P4: Wala. [laughing] 982 P4: No. [laughing]

I: Pero para nimo ‘nay, unsa may 983 I: But for you, nay, what are your
expectation nimo anang rehabilitation 984 expectations on the rehabilitation
project sa gobyerno? Para nimo lang. 985 project of the government. In your
986 opinion only.

P4: Di unta mahinayon nga papahawaon, 987 P4: Hopefully they won’t make us
kay dugay-dugay na baya mi diha. 988 move because we’ve lived there for a
989 long time.
990
I: Affected ba mo adtong three meters nga 991 I: Were you affected by the three meter
kuan? 992 easement zone?

P4: Kami dili, kay layo-layo ra mi. 993 P4: We weren’t because we live a bit
994 farther.

I: Dili ramo papahawaon? 995 I: They won’t make you move?

P4: Dili, kanang tulo raman na ka balay 996 P4: No, they’ll only take three houses.
makuha. [unintelligible] Pero apil na sila 997 [unintelligible] But they’re included
[pointing to another participant], naa man 998 [pointing to another participant], they
sa may dapit anang hagdanan ilaha. 999 live near the staircase.

I: Pero inyong community ‘nay kaning 1000 I: How does the river affect your
Sitio Purras, unsa man ang effect sa sapa 1001 community, Sitio Purras? Do you
sa inyong community? Kanang mas 1002 become close to one another when it
ma-close ba mo kay igka baha kay 1003 floods because you flock together?
magduol-duol mo diha? 1004

P4: Kanang na’y mga baha? Kung 1005 P4: When there’s flood? If the water
magtaas ang baha naa mi [unintelligible] 1006 rises, we’re at [unintelligible] below the
kanang naa sa ubos sa taytayan gyud? 1007 bridge. Sometimes the water rises, you
Usahay motaas man jud ang sapa di 1008 can’t avoid that. Now they evacuate if
malikayan ang tubig, karon mamakwit 1009 the water rises because the water will
man sila kung mosaka diri kay maabot 1010 reach the walls of the riprap.
‘nya ang tubig diha sa riprap. 1011

I: Asa mana kataas inyong balay sa 1012 I: How far is your house from the
riprap? 1013 riprap walls?
P4: Taas man among balay sa riprap, pero 1014 P4: Our house is taller than the riprap
naa juy magpuyo sa ilalom sa taytayan. 1015 walls, but there are people who live
1016 under the bridge.

I: Unsa gani’y tawag ana ‘nay? Riprap? 1017 I: What do you call that again? Riprap?

P4: Kanang kuan gud, kanang gibutang 1018 P4: The one they put up so that the
diha para ang tubig dili moawas. Gamay 1019 water won’t go over. The riprap walls
raman ang riprap diha. 1020 are small.

I: Sige ‘nay, adto na ta sa part two, ang 1021 I: Okay. Let’s move on to part two, the
challenges. Unsa man ang mga challenges 1022 challenges. What are your challenges
nimo ‘nay nga gapuyo ka duol sa sapa? 1023 with living near the river?

P4: Daghang mga kuan diha, ‘nay mag 1024 P4: There’s a lot of chatter, sometimes
bitik-bitik, usahay naay mag chika, usahay 1025 there’s gossip, and sometimes stories
magstorya-storya bahin sa mga kanang 1026 all about the dirt. [unintelligible] Those
mga hugaw. [unintelligible] Kanang iro, 1027 dogs, garbage.
basura. 1028

I: Ang iro? Kanang malibang sila? 1029 I: The dogs? When they defecate?

P4: ‘Nya ikuan namos tag-iya ‘nya ang 1030 P4: And when we confront their
tag-iya di moangkon nga ilang iro 1031 owners, they don’t admit that it’s their
malibang. Kanang mga bata, saba kaayo, 1032 dog’s feces. Those kids, they’re so
di mangatu’g kung gabii. ‘Nya naa baya 1033 loud, they don’t sleep at night. And I
ko’y estudyante, naa ko’y trabahante, naa 1034 have a student, a worker, a husband
ko’y akong bana diri nga drayber pud 1035 who’s a driver who rests at night.
magpahuway. Mao na dili mangatu’g. 1036 That’s why we can’t sleep. It’s an old
Sauna naman na nga problema diha. 1037 problem.

I: Okay. Pag Odette ‘nay, nangbakwit ba 1038 I: Okay. During Typhoon Odette, did
mo? 1039 you evacuate?

P4: Pag Odette wala kay naa rami sa 1040 P4: During Odette, no, we were at
balay kay amoang sin nag ana-ana man, 1041 home because our metal roof had to be
amo mang gihiktan. Kay molupad ‘nya. 1042 tied down. Because it would fly away.

I: Pero gitagaan mo’g evacuation order? 1043 I: But were you given an evacuation
1044 order?
P4: Ang uban nangbakwit man sa 1045 P4: Others evacuated to Southwestern
Southwestern. 1046 University.

I: Ah didto, kahinumdom man gud ko ana 1047 I: Ah there, I remember that as my

kay duol raman ko’g balay, nakakita ko’g 1048 house is nearby, I saw them evacuating
nangbakwit ‘nya ana sila taga Purras sila. 1049 and they said they were from Purras.

P4: Oo. Ang mga taga Purras naa sa 1050 P4: Yes. Those from Purras were at
Southwestern, daghan man ang namakwit 1051 Southwestern University, lots of them
pero kami wa mi namakwit uy. Mobakwit 1052 evacuated but not us. If you evacuated,
ka imong balay way tao, ang laing tao 1053 your house would be empty, and other
‘nya’y mosu’d. 1054 people might come in.

I: Pero ang pagkahuman sa bagyo kay ang 1055 I: But after the typhoon only your roof
atop ninyo kay nakuan? 1056 was affected?

P4: Atop ra namo, nahugno among atop. 1057 P4: Only our roof, it collapsed. It
Nasu’d gikan sa taas. ‘Nya nangatu, basa 1058 collapsed from above. And all our stuff
g’yud among mga butang. Ang mga gi 1059 was wet. What we saved was our
safety ra namo kay katong mga butang 1060 electrical appliances, those that needed
nga de kuryente ba, saksak. Mao ra to 1061 plugging in. That’s all that we did.
among gikuan. 1062

I: Pero wala jud mo nanghawa? 1063 I: But your family never evacuated?

P4: Wala mi nanghawa kay naa man 1064 P4: We didn’t leave because I had my
akong anak ug bana. 1065 child and my husband.

I: Ang tubig kay dili na maabot didto sa 1066 I: The water doesn’t reach your house
inyoha noh kay murag taas ra kaayo? 1067 because it’s too high, right?

P4: Wala man mobaha. Kusog ra nuon 1068 P4: It didn’t flood. The wind was very
ang hangin. Ang hangin ray kusog adto. 1069 strong though. It was only the wind.
Ang amo gyu’ng sin kay gihigtan jud sa 1070 My husband and kid really had to tie
akong bana ug anak para dili molupad. 1071 down our metal roof so it wouldn’t fly
[laughing] 1072 away. [laughing]
I: Kanang padung sa inyong balay didto 1073 I: That area leading to your house, are
‘nay, unsa mana diha kanang concrete 1074 they made of concrete steps?
steps? 1075

P4: Dili naa man mi ubos nga among 1076 P4: No, our laundry area, our CR,
labhanan, CR namo, diha mi manglaba 1077 they’re all down there. That’s where we
pero diha sa ubos nga banawang 1078 wash our clothes but down there in the
ginagmay lang gud naa diay 1079 small basin there’s [unintelligible].
[unintelligible]. 1080

I: Dili na diha madangog kung 1081 I: Doesn’t it get slippery when it rains?
mag-uwan? 1082

P4: Dili man kay semento man ang ubos. 1083 P4: No because it’s all cemented.

I: Sige. Sige, sunod nga question. Sa 1084 I: Okay. Okay, next question. In the
kaning mga challenge nga imong naagian, 1085 challenges that you’ve faced, what are
unsa man imong buhaton para 1086 you going to do to cope or to overcome
magsagubang or pag-overcome ana? 1087 them?

P4: Mga challenge namo karon? Kanang 1088 P4: Our challenges now? Our poverty?
among kahirapan? Kami karon galisod mi 1089 We’re struggling now because my
karon oy kay akong bana, drayber noh? 1090 husband is a driver, right? Our earnings
Gamay ra kaayo iyang ginansya igo ra 1091 are too small, just enough for us to eat,
ikaon namo, palit sud-an, bugas. ‘Nya 1092 buy food, rice. And tomorrow it’s
ugma lahi na sad. ‘Nya akong anak 1093 different. And my son is a student, his
estudyante, baon, pambayad sa 1094 allowance, school fees. [indistinct]
skwelahan. [indistinct] 1095

I: Bahin sa katong giingon nimo ‘nay, 1096 I: About what you said, those dogs,
katong mga iro, mga bata nga saba, dili 1097 those noisy children, don’t you have
ramo magkaproblema ana? 1098 problems with that?

P4: Magkaproblema mi ana uy, gukoron 1099 P4: Of course we have problems with
man gani sakong bana. Mga bata nga 1100 that, my husband even chases them.
badlungon, dukdukon among bungbong. 1101 Naughty children, they knock on our
Modagan mobalik ma’g dukdok. Mga 1102 walls. They run and come back to
gahi ang mga bata diha uy mga 1103 knock again. These children are too
badlungon, grabe, di mi katulog og tarong. 1104 naughty and hard-headed, we can’t
1105 sleep properly.
I: Sa kuan, kanang mag-uwan, ingon ana, 1106 I: When it rains, et cetera, what do you
unsa man inyong feeling ana? 1107 feel?

P4: Ah magbaha diha sa ubos? Magbaha 1108 P4: Ah, when it floods down there? It
man diha sa ubos kanang kuan diba naay 1109 floods where the laundry area is?
labhanan? Banyo? Mobaha na diha pero 1110 Bathroom? It floods there but only a
ginagmay lang. Ang uwan mokuan rana 1111 little bit. The rain is manageable
kay naa ramay kanal padung sa sapa. ‘Nya 1112 because it flows down a canal straight
magduwa-duwa ang mga bata. 1113 to the river. And the children play.

I: Sige, kani, meanings of the experiences. 1114 I: Okay, meanings of the experiences.
Kaning mga challenges nga naagian nimo 1115 What do you feel about these
‘nay, unsa may ma feel nimo ani nila? 1116 challenges that you’ve been through?
Katong mga challenge nga imong 1117 Those challenges you mentioned
gipangkuan ganiha. Bahin adtong mga 1118 earlier. About the financial ones and the
financial ug mga badlungon nga bata. 1119 unruly children.

P4: [laughing] Ambot uy dugay naman na 1120 P4: [laughing] I don’t know, they’re
gikuan amoa diha, gikuan na sauna pero 1121 old issues that were addressed before
mao raman gihapon. Kanang mga bata 1122 but it’s still the same. Those children,
diha gud pagpanganak, ‘nay mga gagmay, 1123 when they were born, there were little
‘nay mangahilak, mangalibang. 1124 ones, crying, defecating. Making a
Magsagbot-sagbot. Usahay butangan 1125 mess. Sometimes we throw garbage in
nimo’g basura ang sagbot dili gani ibutang 1126 the garbage bin, but they throw it out
sa basurahan, ilabay gyud, ang mga ice 1127 anyways, the plastic sachets of ice
water ilabay. 1128 water.

I: Mga gahig ulo? 1129 I: Hard-headed?

P4: Mm. Mao gyud na dong. 1130 P4: Mm. That’s just how it is.

I: Dili mo maabot og barangay og 1131 I: Can’t you complain to the barangay

reklamo ana? 1132 about that?

P4: Dili uy kay motubag man ang mga 1133 P4: No because the children talk back.
bata. Badlungon, kung ingna’g saba kay 1134 Unruly, we tell them to keep quiet
‘nay natu’g. Balhin ‘ta mo’g village para 1135 because people are sleeping. You
wa’y saba. 1136 should’ve moved to a gated village so
1137 it’s quiet.
I: Walay tanod didto nga mareklamohan? 1138 I: No barangay tanods that you can
1139 complain to?

P4: Ah dili mi kakuan, kami diha gapuyo 1140 P4: Ah we can’t complain, we don’t
wala man mi pamilya diha. Kanang 1141 have any family members who live
kasagaran diha, ‘nay mga paryente. 1142 there with us. Usually they have
Daghan kaayo’g paryente diha. 1143 relatives. A lot of relatives there. They
Maglabanay mana diha. Kanang naay 1144 defend each other. If someone litters in
molabay sa sapa, magdaob sa sapa, mao 1145 the river, burns garbage by its banks,
na among problema. Saba kaayo, 1146 that’s our problem. So noisy, resonant,
tagubtob, saba kaayo ang sapa.​ 1147 the river is always noisy.
​
I: Gikan ana ‘nay, unsa man imong 1148 I: From those experiences, what do you
ma-feel ana? 1149 feel about them?

P4: Kanang naay molabay sa sapa? 1150 P4: About the ones who litter in the
Mohilom nalang mi ana kay kontrahan 1151 river? We just stay quiet because
man mi ana sa mga taga-barangay. Kung 1152 people from the barangay (office) will
moreklamo mi? Kontrahan mi ana kay wa 1153 antagonize us. If we complain? We get
man mi paryente diha. 1154 antagonized since we don’t have any
1155 relatives to defend us.

I: Unsa paman imong ma-feel ana kaysa 1156 I: What else do you feel aside from
sa masamokan? Usa nalang jud. Sa bagay, 1157 annoyance? Just one more. This is all
anonymous bitaw ni. 1158 anonymous anyways.

P4: Kanang na’y mag kanta-kanta igka 1159 P4: Those who sing loudly in the wee
kadlawn. Videoke. Magmata mi sa 1160 hours of the morning. Videoke. We
kadlawn di mi katu’g. ‘Nay 1161 wake up in the middle of the night and
magsyinagitay, mag-away. Mao na among 1162 we can’t sleep. Some are shouting,
problema diha. 1163 fighting. That’s our problem.

I: Pirme na maghitabo? Or usahay lang. 1164 I: Does that happen often? Or rarely.

P4: Pirme na uy. 1165 P4: Always.

I: Para nimo, unsa man imong ma-feel sa 1166 I: For you, what do you feel about what
mga gipangbuhat sa gobyerno para 1167 the government is doing to rehabilitate
mo-ayo sa river? Unsa may ikaingon nimo 1168 the river? What can you say about that?
ana? 1169

P4: Nah wala man ko ka kuan ana, para 1170 P4: I don’t have any clue what they’re
unsa gyud na ilang buhat-buhat uy. Wa 1171 doing there. We have no idea.
gyud mi kahibaw ana. 1172

I: Para nimo, maayo ba na ilang nabuhat? 1173 I: For you, is it good, what they’re
1174 doing?

P4: Para namo dili maayo kay ingon sa 1175 P4: For us, no, because of what people
mga tao, tagaan daw kuno nila ang mga 1176 say, they give the thieves a passageway.
kawatan og agianan. [laughing] Agianan 1177 [laughing] They say it’s a passageway
daw sa mga kawatan. [laughing] Kay 1178 for thieves. [laughing] Because they’ve
lahos-lahos ra baya na padung didto. 1179 made it into a straight path down there.

I: Sige, ‘nya last question. What insights 1180 I: Okay, last question. What insights
have you gained about sustainable living 1181 have you gained about sustainable
in your everyday life living as a resident. 1182 living in your everyday life as a
1183 resident?

P4: Bisay-a dong kay wa ko kasabot. 1184 P4: Translate it to me because I don’t
[laughing] 1185 understand. [laughing]

I: Unsa may mga kuan, mga life lessons 1186 I: What are the life lessons you’ve
nga nakat-onan about aning about sa 1187 learned from your experiences?
imong experience ba. 1188

P4: Karon? Nagpasalamat gani ko kay 1189 P4: Now? I’m thankful someone’s
naay nag-interview kay sukad kadtong 1190 interviewing me because ever since
pag [indistinct] wala pamay nag-interview 1191 [indistinct] nobody’s interviewed us
og ingon ani sa amoa. Kay sauna kaning 1192 like this. Because before when we were
magpatawag kami sa San Carlos, kaning 1193 called to the University of San Carlos,
‘nay mga magreklamo. Kaning ‘nay 1194 these open forums. There’s dirt, human
hugaw, hugaw sa tao, hugaw sa iro. Mao 1195 dirt, canine dirt. That’s that, if you have
ni s’ya, kung naa mo’y iro, inyo gyud 1196 a dog, you have to tie it down so it
nang higtan ang iro para dili 1197 doesn’t look for a fight.
makipangita’g away. 1198
P4: Mao ‘nay gimitingan namo sa San 1199 P4: That’s what we had a meeting for
Carlos. Mga sagbot, manilhig. Naa ma’y 1200 in San Carlos. Trash, sweeping. There’s
programa ang San Carlos, ay dili man 1201 a program from San Carlos, but it
matuman. Dili motuman ang mga tao, kay 1202 wasn’t accomplished. People don’t
lagi limpyohan nimo noh, ‘nya akong 1203 comply, because you clean and my
bana magyawyaw lagi sabligan kuno’g 1204 husband keeps arguing because you
tubig ang among banawan. ‘Nya silhigon, 1205 have to wet the basin and sweep to get
para daghang sagbot makuha, ‘nya naa 1206 a lot of dirt out but there’s dogs, feces.
may mga iro, tae. Magyawyaw lagi akong 1207 My husband gets angry. [unintelligible]
bana. [unintelligible] Naa man gihapo’y 1208 There’s still plastic. After eating, throw
plastic. Huma’g kaon, labay lagi. Dili 1209 it away. It just can’t be avoided.
malikayan. 1210

I: Mao rato tanan namong mga pangutana. 1211 I: That’s all of our questions. Thank
So, salamat sa pagkuan samong interview. 1212 you for participating in our interview.
T5(P5)

I: Dugay naka gapuyo dire nay? 1213 I: Have you lived here very long?

P5: Oo, nangapo naman gali ko. ‘Nya 1214 P5: Yes, I have grandchildren already.
akong bana dinhi na tao. 1215 My husband was born here.

I: Dinhi na tao? 1216 I: Born here?

P5: Oo, ‘nya ang iyang edad kay saisyenta 1217 P5: Yes, and he’s sixty-seven (67), but
syete, namatay naman ga’i. 1218 he passed away.

I: Ikaw, nay, pilay edad nimo? 1219 I: How about you? How old are you?

P5: Saisyenta kwatro. 1220 P5: Sixty-four (64)

I: Dugay naka gapuyo dire? 1221 I: Have you lived here very long?

P5: Oo. 1222 P5: Yes.

I: Aw, dire ka na tao? 1223 I: Oh, were you born here?

P5: [Unintelligible] Apan dili ko diri, pero 1224 P5: [Unintelligible] But I’m not from
sa syudad sa Alaska, Mambaling ba. 1225 here, I’m from Alaska, Mambaling. My
Akong bana dire jud, taga dire jud. 1226 husband was from here.

I: Nibalhin ka dire? 1227 I: Did you move here?

P5: Oo, ‘nya iyahang mama dire sad na 1228 P5: Yes, my husband’s mother was also
tao. Mao na dugay gyud kaayo mi dire. 1229 born here. That’s why we’ve lived here
1230 for a long time.

I: Sa una nakong pangutana, about ni sa 1231 I: For my first question, it’s about your
imohang experiences nasinatian nimo. 1232 experiences. In your opinion, did you
Para nimo, unsa may kuan kanang 1233 know about the government’s
kahibaw baka nga naay rehabilitation 1234 rehabilitation program right now?
program ang gobyerno karon? 1235

P5: Oo, mao nay pait namo. 1236 P5: Yes, that’s what’s bitter about it.
I: Ngano man? 1237 I: Why?

P5: Kung kuanon mi, asa mi paingon, ug 1238 P5: Where we’re headed, and where
asa sad mi ibutang didto di naman mi 1239 they will place us, we’re not allowed
pwede kay wa mi kayang ika bayad. 1240 there because we don’t have the money
1241 to pay.

I: Apil mo sa katong pabalhinon? 1242 I: Are you part of the people they’ll
1243 transfer?

P5: Ay kuan kanang 30 meters sa sapa. 1244 P5: 30 meters away from the river.
Naa man mi daplin sapa. Apan dinhi sa 1245 We’re by the river. But here on the
kalsada, layo ra among balay. 1246 road, our house is far.

I: So, unsa may gi-ingon sa mga taga 1247 I: So, what did the government say?
gobyerno ninyo? 1248

P5: Mao lage na kuan moapil mi sa 1249 P5: We join the— what do you call
kanang, unsay tawag ana kanang 1250 it?— gathering to avail a house. Where
data-data, kanang maka avail ug balay ba. 1251 you need to apply so you can get it, but
Na kinahanglan mo-apply sa ka para maka 1252 listen to us first, us poor people don’t
kuan ka ana, basta paminaw namo, kami 1253 have the ability to avail of that.
mga kabus dili pa kaya nga pa-apil ana ba. 1254

I: Pero tagaan man daw mo kunohay ug 1255 I: But they’ll give you a house?
balay ana? 1256

P5: Wala uy. Kay kailangan paka muapil 1257 P5: No. Because you still need to join
sa Pag-Ibig, mo-apply kag Pag-Ibig. 1258 the Pag-Ibig, you need to apply. What
Unsaon man ko, ‘nya akong mga anak 1259 about me? And my unemployed
way mga trabaho ‘nya ang mga bana 1260 children and the husbands who are in
construction ra. ‘Nya unsaon man pag 1261 construction. And how do you avail at
avail ug Pag-Ibig, mao nalang gihapon. 1262 Pag-Ibig, it’s still the same.

I: Para nimo, unsa may kanang kuan unsa 1263 I: In your opinion, what is the
may gibuhat sa gobyerno, like para nimo 1264 government doing, like for you, what
unsa may imong nakit-an nila na ilang 1265 can you see with what they’re doing at
gibuhat karon sa sapa? 1266 the river?
P5: Sa akong tanaw, okay ra kani ilang 1267 P5: With what I can see, their cleaning
gi-ingon nga paglimpyo sa sapa, kay kita 1268 is okay because us poor and rich people
man gyud tanan ma-pobre ug ma-dato 1269 will get affected with the filth in the
maapektohan man gyud sa hugaw sa sapa, 1270 river because it will all lead to the
kay adto man gyud na sa dagat paingon. 1271 ocean. And the fish eats the filth, which
‘Nya ang mo kuan sad ana kay mga isda, 1272 goes into what we eat. That’s why I’m
ang ato sad gipang kaon. Mao nang okay 1273 okay with it. But with the demolition,
ko ana. Kanang ingon nga demolition ‘nya 1274 and with no place to move, where are
wala’y kabalhinan, asa sad intawn mi 1275 we headed with that? It’s been too long,
paingon. Kadugayon sa amoa, ang akong 1276 my mother-in-law, her mother was born
ugangan pa, iyang inahan diha na tao, 1277 there, and they’re only doing the
‘nya karon rani nag-inani ba. 1278 demolition now.

I: Ingon man ka, nay, nga na limpyo sad 1279 I: You said that the river was cleaned,
sa sapa, ni limpyo ba jud na ang kuan 1280 was it really?
sapa? 1281

P5: Sauna nga bata-bata pako, kay kuan 1282 P5: Back when I was young, we had
man mi kaning naa mi programa ba nga 1283 programs where we, ourselves, cleaned
mga kuan ba, ‘nya kami jud mismo ang 1284 the river. It was clean before, and
nag kuan naglimpyo diha sa sapa. Limpyo 1285 they’re wrong now. Their program is
sauna, ‘nya sayop mana sila gyud sir. 1286 wrong. They’re wasting money paying
Sayop na ilang programa, ang ilang pag 1287 the salaries for people to watch over the
usik-usik sa kwarta ug nangweldo para 1288 river so that no one litters there, so the
mag bantay sa sapa, para magpabilin ug 1289 river stays clean. That would have been
limpyo ang sapa nga wa’y molabay. Mao 1290 nice.
unta nay nindot. 1291

I: Kanus-a mana nahitabo, nay? 1292 I: When did that happen?

P5: Dugay na. Mga, siguro mga upat na 1293 P5: Long ago. I think it was four years
katuig ron. 1294 ago.

I: Upat na katuig? 1295 I: Four years already?

P5: Oo. Kami ato nanglimpyo ato mismo, 1296 P5: Yes. We cleaned it ourselves, we
makaya paman toh nako, apan karon dili 1297 could still handle it, but now I can’t
na nako kaya naa naman ko depekto sa 1298 handle it anymore because I have heart
heart. 1299 defects.
I: Gibayaran mo ana, nay? 1300 I: Did they pay you for that?

P5: Wala. Ay karon paglimpyo sa sapa? 1301 P5: No. Oh, with cleaning the river
1302 now?

I: Dili, katong upat katuig ba. 1303 I: No, the four years.

P5: Wala uy. Amoang kuan, amoang 1304 P5: No. It was voluntary. So that we
voluntary. Para nagkuan mi sa kuan sa 1305 could help with the river’s situation,
sapa, ‘nya unsaon mana wala nami 1306 but we didn’t continue. Because
nagpadayun. Kay basta naa mi programa 1307 whenever we have a program, we’ll
nga naningkamot mi na malimpyo ang 1308 make an effort to clean the river. And
sapa. ‘Nya ang limpyo amoa dire, ‘nya 1309 the cleaning is just here, and the trash is
adtoa mana sa babaw gikan, useless lang 1310 from above, it’s still useless.
gihapon. 1311

I: So, bag-o pana nag rehabilitation 1312 I: So, with the rehabilitation program
program ang gobyerno sa sapa, unsa may 1313 now, what is the difference in the river
kalahian sa sapa adto sauna? Parehas ra 1314 with now and before? Is it the same or
gihapon ron or unsa ? 1315 what?

P5: Arang-arang pa sauna kaysa karon. 1316 P5: It was a bit okay before compared
1317 to now.

I: Ngano man? 1318 I: Why?

P5: Mas grabe man ron. Sigi lang silag 1319 P5: It’s worse now. They keep
gasto sa kilid himo ug riprap, pag usa sa 1320 spending to put up riprap walls, before
sila nag riprap, limpyohan unta sa ang 1321 they put up the riprap walls, they
sapa para makita gyud ug unsay kuan, 1322 should’ve cleaned the river first so we
unsay ayo ba, unsay nindot na ilahang 1323 could see what’s better and nice with
gihimo. Nag sigi silag riprap ‘nya hugaw 1324 what they’re doing. They keep
kaayo ang sapa, wala gihapon. 1325 continuing with the riprap and the river
1326 isn’t clean, it’s no use.

I: Mura rag wala. 1327 I: It doesn’t make a difference.

P5: Oo. Usik-usik lang sila sa ilang 1328 P5: Yes. They’re wasting the money
gigasto, ang ilaha pang gigasto ana nag 1329 they spent. They should’ve used the
sweldo pa silag tao na mag monitor sa 1330 money to pay the people who monitor
sapa para malimpyo, nindot pa tanaw-on, 1331 the river so that it’ll be clean, it would
limpyo pa wala pa’y kuan. 1332 look nicer, it would be cleaner.

I: Unya? Mawala ‘nya sila. 1333 I: Then? They might be gone.

P5: Ha? 1334 P5: Huh?

I: Mawala ‘nya sila. 1335 I: They might be gone.

P5: Unsay mawala? 1336 P5: What might be gone?

I: Ang katong mag bantay. 1337 I: The people who’ll monitor.

P5: Ay dili uy. Basta kung Sitio Purras, 1338 P5: No. If it’s Sitio Purras, they’ll
kanang Sitio Purras magkuha jud sila ug 1339 always get someone to monitor the
bantay anang lugara hangtud sa kuan, taga 1340 place. Someone from the Sitio will
Sitio mag monitor ug ilahang mga kuan, 1341 monitor, so that the river can be
para mag monitor sad sa sapa sa unsa’y 1342 monitored with what’s clean.
limpyo. 1343

I: Karon, nay, unsa may kuan nimo ron, 1344 I: Now that the rehabilitation project is
karon nahitabo nana ron ang rehabilitation 1345 happening, what affected you with
project, unsa may kuan nimo kanang nag 1346 that? How did it affect your experience
affect ana, unsay gi affect ana sa imohang 1347 with the river?
experience sa river? 1348

P5: Pait, dong uy. Kana ilang gihimo 1349 P5: With what they’re doing now,
karon, kung ilaha jud nang [unintelligible] 1350 they’re really [unintelligible] we can’t
di man jud ta ka-kuot kay gobyerno najud 1351 bother the government. We’re the ones
na. Ang makalu-luoy kay kami, kung 1352 who are unfortunate if they’ll make us
pahawaon mi, asa mi paingon, wala nami 1353 move, where are we headed? We can’t
kapuy-an, balik lang gihapon mi sa daplin 1354 live anywhere, we’ll have to go back to
sa kalsada. Mas labaw pato ma delikado 1355 the side of the road. It’ll be more
kay naa najud daplins kalsada nag kuan, 1356 dangerous because it’s on the side of
kaysa naa anang kilid sa kuan. 1357 the road, compared to living beside the
1358 river.
I: Karon rajud diay na gisugdan nila ang 1359 I: They only started cleaning now?
kanang limpyo-limpyo nila? 1360

P5: Oo, karon ra, kana ila 30 meters, 1361 P5: Yes, just now, their 30 meters
pwerti nanang dugaya. 1362 progress, that was so long ago.

I: Sunod nako nga pangutana kay, unsa 1363 I: For my next question, what are your
ma’y kuan nimo, expectation nimo aning 1364 expectations for this project? Will the
project kanang, mo nindot ba ang sapa ani 1365 river get better, or in your opinion,
or para nimo lang, unsa man imohang 1366 what are your expectations on the way
expectation sa the way things are karon na 1367 things are now, do you think their
karon nga para nimo murag way gamit 1368 riprap wall is useless? In the future, for
ang riprap didto? In the future para nimo, 1369 you, what will happen to it?
unsa may mahitabo ana? 1370

P5: Aw kana dili jud na mo nindot, kay 1371 P5: That will never get better, because
abi nimo noh, kung magpadayon, aw 1372 you’d think if they’d continue, but
magpadayon man jud na kay ila man 1373 they’ll really continue because they’ve
gisugdan. Mas labaw kay abi nimo ang 1374 started it already. Even more because
mag laba-yay ana noh de auto man. 1375 there are those who throw trash from
1376 cars.

I: De auto? 1377 I: Cars?

P5: Oo. De auto molabay og ala una, alas 1378 P5: Yes. People from cars, throwing
dose, anha jud sa may taytayan. 1379 trash at one to two AM, there at the
1380 bridge.

I: Mohunong na sila diha manglabay? 1381 I: They’ll stop to throw trash there?

P5: Oo. Wala’y plate number, gisalipdan. 1382 P5: Yes. There’s no plate number, they
1383 covered it.

I: Wala’y magbantay anha? 1384 I: No one’s watching there?

P5: Sauna naa nagbantay, wala jud 1385 P5: Before there was, they didn’t do
nahimo, wala jud na nahitabo. Apan karon 1386 anything, nothing happened. But now
nga wala na’y nagbantay, unsaon man 1387 that no one’s watching over, how do we
namo pagkuan [unintelligible] . 1388 [unintelligible] .
I: Para nimo, ang sa inyohang komunidad 1389 I: In your opinion, in your community
didto, nay, sa Sitio Purras, unsa man 1390 at Sitio Purras, how did the river affect
kanang, giunsa man pag affect sa sapa sa 1391 your life?
inyohang kinabuhi? 1392

P5: Kung mag uwan? Okay raman. 1393 P5: If it rains? It’s okay.

I: Okay ra? 1394 I: It’s okay?

P5: Oo. 1395 P5: Yes.

I: Kung mag bagyo? 1396 I: If there’s a typhoon.

P5: Okay rasad. 1397 P5: It’s okay, too.

I: Pag bagyong Odette, nay, asa man mo 1398 I: During typhoon Odette, where did
nagkuan ato? 1399 you stay?

P5: Didto sa kuan, sa asa na, Phinma? 1400 P5: Where was it, Phinma?

I: Aw, oo didto sa Phinma? 1401 I: Oh, there at Phinma?

P5: Oo, kana. 1402 P5: Yes, that.

I: Unsa man ang mga challenges nimo, 1403 I: What are your challenges when you
nay, gapuyo ka didto sa daplin sa sapa? 1404 lived by the river?

P5: Aw, para lang sa ako, wa man gyud ta 1405 P5: For me, we can’t really do anything
mahimo, pobre man ta ‘nya wa man ta’y 1406 because we’re poor, and we can’t live
ikapuyo sa maayong lugar. Okay nalang 1407 in a proper place. I’m just okay with
sa akoa na kanang problema, mag unsa 1408 the problem, because I’ll clean and
man ikaw ang mo limpyo ‘nya ang uban 1409 other people won’t, I can’t do anything
dili, wala ra gihapon mahimo. Okay ra sa 1410 about that. I’m okay with it, we’re used
akoa, na anad naman mi. 1411 to it.

I: Katong wala paka na anad, nay, unsa 1412 I: When you weren’t used to it, what
may na feel nimo? 1413 did you feel about it?

P5: Na anad naman ko, dong, kay abi 1414 P5: I’m already used to it, because in
nimo sa Alaska, inana man sad. 1415 (sitio) Alaska, it’s also like that.
I: Sa Mambaling? 1416 I: In Mambaling?

P5: Hm, palayo nalang ko sa kanal. 1417 P5: Hm, I’ll just stay away from the
Palayo rako sa sapa. 1418 canal. I’ll stay away from the river.

I: Sa kaning mga challenges nimo, nay, 1419 I: With these challenges, what do you
unsa man imong buhaton para mokuan na 1420 do to overcome these challenges?
overcome nimo ang challenges ba? 1421

P5: Sa asa? 1422 P5: Where?

I: Kato imong gipang kuan ganiha? Pero 1423 I: Those things you said. But you have
wala ra noh? Okay ra noh? Na anad naka. 1424 no problems, right? Is it okay for you?
1425 You’re used to it.

P5: Oo, wala ra. 1426 P5: Yes.

I: Sa kanang sa mga uwan? 1427 I: When it rains?

P5: Wala ra. 1428 P5: None.

I: Aw lage, kanang mag uwan okay ramo 1429 I: When it rains, you’ll be okay, right?
noh? 1430

P5: Okay ra. 1431 P5: It’s okay.

I: Bagyo wala rasad? 1432 I: During typhoons?

P5: Oo. Naa bitaw nagbaha dira, abot na 1433 P5: Yes. It floods there, it reaches the
sa taytayan. Wala raman mi naunsa. 1434 bridge. But we weren’t affected by it.

I: Wala ra nisud sa inyong balay ang 1435 I: The water didn’t go inside your
tubig? 1436 house?

P5: Sa ubos, pero wala ra nakasud didto 1437 P5: It did, downstairs, but it didn’t
sa taas. 1438 reach up the stairs.

I: Sa dekuryente ninyo nga appliance, 1439 I: How about your electric appliances?
wala ra? 1440
P5: Oo, ‘nya saka nalang kay mahibaw-an 1441 P5: Yes, we brought it up because we
mana [unintelligible]. ‘Nya among isaka 1442 can tell [unintelligible]. And nothing
sa taas, wala raman, kay among 1443 happens– The first ones to go up there
katarungan– kung naay ma anod mag una 1444 are the ones who are at risk of
jud didtos ibabaw, pa uwahi jud ta. 1445 drowning, we always stay behind. We
Mahibaw-an man jud na nato nga delikado 1446 would know if it’s dangerous because
na, na manga anod nata, pero wala raman 1447 we’d drown, but that never happened,
hinuon purya buyag. 1448 thank God.

I: Ikatulo nga part, ang pagsabot sa imong 1449 I: Third part, understanding your
mga nasinatian. Sige sa, base sa unsaon 1450 experiences. Based on how you cope
nimo pag cope sa imong challenges na 1451 with your challenges you mentioned a
imong gi ingon ganiha nga pada-padayon 1452 while ago that’s continuous, right?
lang noh? Bahala na kay na anad naka. 1453 Doesn’t matter because you’re used to
Unsa may ika ingon nimo, nay, sa mga tao 1454 it. What can you say to the people that
na wala gapuyo didto sa Sitio Purras? 1455 don’t live at Sitio Purras? Can you
Maka relate baka ana nila? 1456 relate to them?

P5: Maayo sila kay, kaming tanan kamo 1457 P5: Good for them because we’re the
mao’y nisagap sa kanang mga delikado, 1458 ones dealing with the consequences,
kaysa ilaha. Apan sila sad naghimo namo 1459 not them. Yet they are the ones making
ug delikado, kay kanang dili taga Sitio 1460 it dangerous for us because
Purras adto man pud mang labay sa mga 1461 non-residents of Sitio Purras are the
basura sa [unintelligible]. Dili mana Sitio 1462 ones throwing garbage at
Purras ang nang labay ug mga basura. 1463 [unintelligible]. The residents of Sitio
Molabay sad na sila, mga manuhol silag 1464 Purras aren’t the ones throwing the
mga bata, pag alsa sa ilang mga bata 1465 garbage. They throw their trashes as
ipalabay sa sapa. Mao nang puno ang sapa 1466 well into the river by paying kids to
sa basura, tungod sad sa amoang 1467 carry their garbage and having them
[unintelligible] na sitio. 1468 throw it to the river. That is why our
1469 river is full of trash, it’s also because of
1470 our [unintelligible] of a sitio.

I: Unsa man imong ma feel ana, nay, 1471 I: What do you feel from this? Does it
masuko ka ana or masamokan? 1472 anger you or bother you?

P5: Oo uy, kay abi nimo, sila luwas ‘nya 1473 P5: Of course, if you think about it,
kami dili, kay kami man mao’y ma 1474 they remain safe, and we are left to be
pasanginlan. Dili sila. 1475 blamed. Not them.
I: Kinsay mamasangil ninyo ana? 1476 I: Who can you blame for that?

P5: Ang gobyerno… ang barangay. 1477 P5: The government… The barangay.

I: Sila mismo? 1478 I: Themselves?

P5: Oo. 1479 P5: Yes.

I: Ang barangay didto? 1480 I: The barangay there?

P5: Oo, kay ingnan man mi didto nga 1481 P5: Yes, because we get told that if it’s
kung di na amoang kuan ngano dili daw 1482 not ours, then why didn’t we scold the
mi maka badlong. Kami jud ang na hulgan 1483 ones who did them? The blame always
na kami jud ana. 1484 falls on us.

I: Gidamay mo noh. 1485 I: You guys get blamed.

P5: Oo. 1486 P5: Yes.

I: Last question, para nimo unsa ma’y 1487 I: Last question, what are the lessons
lesson nimo nga nakat-onan na kuan sa 1488 you’ve learned from all your
tanan nimo nga experiences, tanan nimo 1489 experiences, everything you’ve been
nasinatian didto sa kuan, unsa man imong 1490 through, what have you learned about
nakat-onan sa imong kinabuhi? 1491 them?

P5: Ang akong nakat-onan sa akong 1492 P5: What I’ve learned from my life is
kinabuhi kay maningkamot lang, 1493 you just have to keep working hard,
maningkamot sa imong kalisod, 1494 work through your troubles, work
maningkamot sad ka sa imohang lugar ug 1495 through your home and your filth there,
sa imohang hugaw ana, kutob sa imong 1496 work through and past your limits.
mahimo na kaya nimo buhaton, kay 1497
buhaton nalang. 1498

I: Kung naa lang usa ka butang na pwede 1499 I: If you have one thing that you want
nimo ma ingon sa gobyerno, unsa man? 1500 to say to the government, what is it?

P5: Ang ilahang programa na bag-o na 1501 P5: Their new program doesn’t benefit
dili maka benepisyo ang mga pobre, kana 1502 the poor, that’s all I can say.
lang naa. 1503
T6(P6)

I: Unsa naman ka kadugay nagpuyo aning 1503 I: How long have you lived here, nay?
lugara nay? 1504

P6: Ambot lang pila na katuig kay 1505 P6: I don’t know how many years
syetenta naman ko. Syetenta na ko ka tuig. 1506 because I’m seventy years old already.
1507 So seventy years, I think.

I: Diha ka na tao? 1508 I: Were you born there?

P6: Mm, diha ra. 1509 P6: Mm, just there.

I: Aw diha ka na tao, sige. So sa imohang 1510 I: Oh, you were born there, okay. So
mga experience nay, para nimo, k’ibaw ba 1511 with your experiences, in your opinion,
ka nga naay gibuhat ang gobyerno didto 1512 did you know that the government is
nga program? 1513 doing a program?

P6: Gobyerno? Naa man tingali pero wa 1514 P6: Government? I think there is but I
pa man tingali ma abot. 1515 think they haven’t arrived.

I: Asa man dapita didto sa kuan diay nay? 1516 I: In which area?

P6: Diha gud, taytayan. 1517 P6: There by the bridge.

I: Ah taytayan, dili ka tupad jud sa kuan, 1518 I: Ah the bridge, you don’t live beside
tupad sa sapa? 1519 the river?

P6: Oo ana. Tupad mi sapa. 1520 P6: We do live beside the river.

I: Duol sa sapa jud? 1521 I: Near the river?

P6: Mm, magbaha [unintelligible]. Pero di 1522 P6: Mm, when it floods
maabot sa amoa. 1523 [unintelligible]. But it doesn’t reach our
1524 house.

I: Taas taas ra inyuha? 1525 I: Is your house elevated?

P6: Mm 1526 P6: Mm

I: Sige. So wala paka k’ibaw nga naa diay 1527 I: Okay. So you didn’t know that the
gibuhat ang kuan didto, ang gobyerno 1528 government was doing something
didto? 1529 there?

P6: Naa man tingali pero wa pa man ta’y 1530 P6: I think there is, but we can’t… it
makuan, wa pa masugdi ba. 1531 hasn’t started.

I: Para nimo unsa may kuan, unsa man 1532 I: In your opinion, what can you see
imong nakitan didto, or unsa may 1533 there? Or what have you observed with
nabantayan nimo na panghitabo didto sa 1534 what the government is doing?
kuan sa gibuhat sa gobyerno? 1535

P6: Wa, igo rako nakuan na “ingani raman 1536 P6: No, I could only say “we’re like
ta, pobre man. Dawaton nalang unsay 1537 this, we’re poor. We’ll just have to
kuan katalagnan mahatag.” 1538 accept what they have to give.”

I: So wala paka kita didto og mga 1539 I: So you haven’t seen any bulldozers
bulldozer didto? Kanang manglimpyo ba. 1540 there? The ones that clean. You
Wala? Sige. Sunod nakong pangutana kay 1541 haven’t? Okay. My next question is
kuan katong unsa gali imong mga 1542 what are your experiences with the
experiences anang sapa karon? 1543 river right now?

P6: Experience sa sapa? Wa, diha rako 1544 P6: Experience with the river? None, I
nadako hangtud naminyo nalang nya naa 1545 just grew up there until I got married
nay mga apo. Diha raman ko. Wa man 1546 and had grandchildren. I just live there.
koy nakuan mao ray amo diha, kung 1547 If it floods, everyone rushes to
magbaha na, magdali dali sad ang mga tao 1548 [unintelligible] to do laundry because
na mag [unintelligible] para maglaba kay 1549 water is hard to find [unintelligible].
makuan man ang tubig, kay ang tubig 1550
pangitaonon [unintelligible]. 1551

I: Hugaw na ang tubig didto? Dili na siya 1552 I: The water is dirty there? It can’t be
pwede maliguan? 1553 bathed in?

P6: Maliguan man ang tuong, pero lain 1554 P6: You can bathe on the deck, but it
la’g baho. 1555 smells bad.

I: Lai’g baho. Walay magligo-ligo diha na 1556 I: It smells bad. No children swim
mga bata? 1557 there?
P6: Ah magligo na, karon naa man gali’y 1558 P6: Oh, they do, now they do. They
nangligo. Ligo pud mi anang [agay-ay] 1559 bathe by the [untranslatable] and we
nya kami di mi musugot labi na sa akong 1560 don’t let them do it, especially my
mga kaliwat ron ana ba kay baho lagi 1561 relatives because they say it smells bad
makuan ta sa hugaw. Pero kana di man 1562 and the filth might get to us. But they
magpatuo, mga gahi pu’g ulo’ng mga 1563 won’t heed us, they’re hard-headed. We
bataa. Sagdaan nalang nya di man sad 1564 just let them be because they’re not our
among paryente. Silingan raman. 1565 relatives, they’re just neighbors.

I: Katong sauna nay, katong mga kuan pa 1566 I: Back then, nay, when you were still
nimo, pag dalaga pa nimo, unsa ma’y 1567 young, what was the situation of the
kanang kuan, kahimtang sa sapa sauna? 1568 river?

P6: Mm, tin-aw. 1569 P6: Yes, clear.

I: Tin-aw pa? 1570 I: It was clear?

P6: Limpyo. 1571 P6: Clean.

I: Limpyo. Walay basura? 1572 I: Clean. No trash?

P6: Wala. 1573 P6: No.

I: Na’pay isda? 1574 I: There were still fishes?

P6: Mm, karon naman nay naay basura 1575 P6: Mm, now there’s trash. Before
basura. Sauna wala uy, limpyo biya. 1576 there were none, it was clean.

I: Kanus-a mana gasugod nay? Kanang 1577 I: When did that start? The filth, when
kuan, kanang kahugaw ana, kanusa mana 1578 did that start?
gasugod? 1579

P6: Ha? Mas hugaw pa karon. 1580 P6: Huh? It’s more dirty nowadays.

I: Mas hugaw pa ron? 1581 I: It’s more dirty now?

P6: Ingon ana man maglabayay ang ubang 1582 P6: People litter.
mga tao. 1583

I: Kinsa may maglabay dira? 1584 I: Who litters there?

P6: naa may para butang sa basura nya 1585 P6: There are places to put their trash
usahay di makuha, ang uban malabay 1586 in but sometimes it doesn’t get picked
nalang sa sapa. 1587 up, so others just throw it in the river.
1588 trash but sometimes no one picks it up,
1589 so the others just throw it in the river.

I: Sige. Para nimo nay naa bay nailis 1590 I: Okay. Do you think there are changes
anang sapa ron? Nilimpyo naba para nimo 1591 in the river now? In your opinion, did it
karon? 1592 get cleaner?

P6: naa. Ah permanente? Wala may 1593 P6: It did. Oh, permanently? There are
permanente mukuan sa sapa. Labi na 1594 no permanent changes in the river.
pareha ninyong mga estudyante nga 1595 Especially students like you who…
mag… 1596

I: pero karon, na recently, 1597 I: But now, recently, did it get a little
nagkalimpyo-limpyo naba didto o parehas 1598 cleaner or is it still the same?
lang gihapon?​ 1599
​
P6: Mulimpyo na kung [unintelligible] 1600 P6: It’ll get clean if [unintelligible]

I: Sige. Para nimo, unsa may expectations 1601 I: Okay. What are your expectations
nimo anang kuan kanang, kahibalo naman 1602 on— I told you about the “war on
ka ron no na giinganan na tika ron na nay 1603 floods” that the government is doing.
“gubat sa baha” na gibuhat sa gobyerno sa 1604 They’re cleaning, they’re building
sapa. Na nanglimpyo sila, naa silay 1605 something, what was it? Riprap. What
gipangkuan, gipangtukod didto, na unsa 1606 are your expectations on what will
na, mga riprap inana. Para nimo, unsa may 1607 happen with that?
expectations nimo na mahitabo ana? 1608

P6: Wala. 1609 P6: None.

I: Wala? Parehas ra gihapon? para nimo, 1610 I: None? Still the same? For you, it’ll
parehas rajud na? 1611 stay the same?

P6: Oo 1612 P6: Yes.

I: ‘Nya, ‘ge, sunod nako na pangutana. 1613 I: Next question. Sitio Purraas, your
Para nimo, kanang Sitio Purras, imohang 1614 community where you grew up, where
komunidad na diha ka na tao, diha ka 1615 you live, what is the river’s effects on
nagpuyo, unsa may kuan kanang, ang 1616 your community? If it floods, will you
sapa, unsa man iyahang effect sa 1617 get closer or gather with your
komunidad? Kanang, kung mag baha man 1618 community or what?
gali, kay unsa ba, mas macloser bamo sa 1619
community or unsa ba? 1620

P6: Wala man koy kuan oy. 1621 P6: I don’t know anything about that.

I: Wala ra? 1622 I: Nothing?

P6: Wala man koy kuan na. 1623 P6: I don’t know.

I: Sge, sa sunod na pangutana, unsa may 1624 I: For the next question, what are the
mga challenges na imong maagian diha? 1625 challenges that you go through? What’s
Unsa may kalisod didto na nagpuyo mo 1626 the hard part about living beside the
didto sa tupad sa sapa? 1627 river?

P6: Sa akong ginikanan pa lang nanagko 1628 P6: My parents grew up there up until
rami diha, hantud karon naa. Akong mga 1629 now. My grandchildren, us, we’ve
apo, kami, diha ragud mi dinhi. 1630 always been there.

I: So unsa ma’y kuan nay kanang mga 1631 I: So what are the challenges that you
kalisud na inyong naagian didto? 1632 face when living there?

P6: Agi uy, lisud kaayo, usahay gani wa 1633 P6: Yes, we go through that, sometimes
g’yuy mahimo. Wa gani mi’y mukuan, 1634 we have no choice. We just keep
mao ra among, sige ra intawn ug ampo sa 1635 praying to God for help. If help ever
ginoo nga naa tay grasya. Kung naay 1636 comes, we’d be so happy because we
grasya na makuan, malipay gud mi kay 1637 don’t have jobs. We’ll rely on that.
wala gud mi trabaho. Nya magsalig lang 1638 We’d be happy if there will be help.
ta sa naay naabot na kuan. Tigdugay man. 1639
Mao ra amoa. Malipay nalang mi ug naay 1640
grasya. 1641

I: Naa ba mo’y problema bahin sa sapa? 1642 I: Do you have problems with the
1643 river?
P6: Sa sapa, magkaproblema kung 1644 P6: At the river, we’d have problems if
[unintelligible] limpyo jud. 1645 [unintelligible] it’s clean.

I: Kanang mag-uwan nay, unsa may 1646 I: If it rains, what happens there?
mahitabo ana didto? 1647

P6: Uwan? Aw perti jud hugawa. 1648 P6: Rain? Oh, it would be so dirty.

I: Hugaw ug samot? 1649 I: Very dirty?

P6: Oo kay ang agay-ay sa kuan sa dagan 1650 P6: Yes, because the dirt flows through
sa yuta, adto man padulong sa sapa. 1651 the river.

I: Ah. Ang hugaw sa yuta maabot sa 1652 I: Ah. The dirt reaches the river. The
tubig. Ang tubig ana musaka na’g maayo 1653 water rises if it rains? Does it flood
ana kung muuwan? Mubaha ba didto? 1654 there?

P6: Mubaha. 1655 P6: It floods.

I: Katong pagbagyo nay, pag typhoon 1656 I: During the typhoon Odette, what
Odette? Unsa may nahitabo didto? 1657 happened there?

P6: Magbaha. 1658 P6: It flooded.

I: Sige, ang sunod nako na pangutana kay 1659 I: For my next question, understanding
pagsabot sa mga gisinatian. So para nimo, 1660 your experiences. What can you say to
unsa man imong makaingon sa mga tao na 1661 the people who have different
lahi ug mga experience nimo, kanang 1662 experiences from you, those people
wala gapuyo didto sa sitio Purras? 1663 who don’t live in Sitio Purras?

P6: Ha, unsa? 1664 P6: Huh, what?

I: Unsa man imong maingon sa mga tao 1665 I: What can you say to the people who
na wala gapuyo sa sitio Purras na lahi sila 1666 don’t live in Sitio Purras who have
ug mga experience nimo? 1667 different experiences from you?

P6: Mga kwartahan man. Kita wala. Mao 1668 P6: They have money. We don’t. That’s
ra. Igo ra ta tanaw nila. Nya wa ra ta kung 1669 all. We can only look at them.
magkuan. 1670
I: Unsa man imong makuan ana, lain 1671 I: How do you feel about that?
nimong mafeel ana? 1672

P6: Wa, kana ra. 1673 P6: Nothing, that’s all.

I: Murag suya nana. 1674 I: Maybe that’s jealousy.

P6: Kung naa kay usa ka butang nga 1675 P6: If you could say one thing to the
pwede nimo maingon sa gobyerno, unsa 1676 government, what would you tell them?
man imong iingon. 1677

I: Wa koy makaingon, kay wa man koy 1678 I: I have nothing to say.

nakuan sa gobyerno. 1679
1680
I: Nya kada kuan, kada-adlaw na pagpuyo 1681 I: And in your day-to-day life with
nimo dapit sa sapa kay unsa may mga 1682 living near the river, what is your
experience nimo nga nagpuyo ka tupad sa 1683 experience, how can the river affect
sapa, unsa may nakaaffect sa sapa sa 1684 your way of living? Is it troubling?
imong pagpuyo? Samok raba, manimaho 1685 Does it smell bad, or what?
ba didto, or unsa ba?​ 1686
1687
P6: Wa gyud [unintelligible] igo ra ta sa 1688 P6: Nothing [unintelligible] We just
kuan lang sa sapa. 1689 tolerate (?) the river.
1690
I: Sige, pinakalast na pangutana. Unsa 1691 I: Last question. What lessons have
man nga lesson na imong nakatunan sa 1692 you learned in your life with living near
imohang life na nagpuyo ka duol didto sa 1693 the river?
sapa? 1694
1695
P6: Mao ra ako makuan, sa silingan ug 1696 P6: That’s all I can say, with the
kami, igo rami mangwartahay mangitag 1697 neighbors and us, we earn money for a
labada. 1698 living, do laundry.
1699
I: Tig laba ka nay? 1700 I: Do you do laundry?
1701
P6: Maglabada nya kana. Karon wala na 1702 P6: Yes. But not anymore, because I’m
kay tiguwang naman. Wa namay mukuan. 1703 old already.
1704
1705
1706
I: Sige. Mao rato amoang interview nay. 1707 I: Okay. That’s all for our interview.
‘Mana nami og pangutana. Salamat kaayo 1708 We’re done asking questions. Thank
sa pagtubag sa among mga pangutana. 1709 you so much for answering our
1710 questions.
 Significant Statements (SS) Formulated Meanings (FM)

SS1: Wala, gi hunongan pa, ambot lang kaha FM1: Participant 1 noticed that the
og gipadayon bana. Makita mani nato og naa Rehabilitation Project was halted. The
mana sila gi-riprap, pero gihunongan pa. workers made progress, but Participant 1
Translation: No, they paused it, I don’t know doesn’t know when they’ll return to finish it.
if they’ll ever continue. We can see that they
put up riprap walls, but they stopped doing it.
[T1(P1), L19-L22]

SS2: Kuan puno sa basura(ang sapa). FM2: Participant 1 mentions that the river's
Translation: It’s full of trash (the river). current state is full of trash.
[T1(P1), L27]

SS3: Mas ni daghan na hinuon rong ting init. FM3: In the dry season, the lessened flow of
Napuno og maayo sa basura makita mana nato the river washes away less garbage, letting
didto kung ato tan-awon. garbage accumulate even more.
Translation: There’s even more now since it's
the dry season. There’s even more trash, you
can see it there if you observe.
[T1(P1), L29-L31]

SS4: Murag wala raman naka-apekto sa amoa, FM4: The ripraps installed and repairs that
ang pag-riprap… ang ilang pag-ayo kay the government did showed little to no effect
murag wala ramay apekto sa amoa. on the participant.
Translation: I think not much affected us, the
rip rap walls… their repairing, didn’t affect us
much.
[T1(P1), L41-L43] ​

SS5: Kuan, kung mag hisgot nag about sa FM5: The government should provide homes
kanang demolition bahin namo kay naa man for the participant and other affected residents
mi sa sapa noh. Mas nindot unta to kung if ever they choose to demolish their homes.
ipahinuna jud mi og kuan kanang tarong jud
na puloy-anan ba, bisag kanang ginagmay FM6: Participant 1's main problem in their
lang. Basta kay kanang matawag nagyud community is the prevalent improper waste
bitaw na dili inana ka kuan sa amoang puyo sa disposal, which is caused by a lack of
kanang daplin sa sapa. Kay gawas kanang... discipline from the residents themselves,
Kuan basura daghan jud. Number one jud especially the children.
basura, dili proper ang pagtapok sa mga tao,
dili man ang tanan sad. Pero kasagaran jud
diha ang basura, di jud kamao mo proper og,
di jud bisan murag kuwang jud kay sa pag
disiplina sa kaugalingon raman na. dili tanan
jud nga kanang labay gyud hinuon, naa puy
tao kanang kamao jud siya, pero kasagaran
ana kay ana lang sa basura labi nanang mga
bata.
Translation: If we’re talking about the
demolition of our homes since we live by the
river. It is nicer if we come first and give us a
proper home, even if it’s quaint. Outside our
homes… It's always trash. Our number one
problem is people not disposing of their
garbage properly, although not everyone. But
most of the time, the trash is never disposed of
properly, and it's always because of a lack of
self-discipline. Though some people know not
to throw their garbage into the river, there are
always those people who do, especially the
children.
[T1(P1), L57-L73]

SS6: Oo labad kay’s ulo. Bisag kada adlaw FM7: Despite the efforts to maintain
paka manilhig ig taodtaod naa nasad, murag cleanliness. Participant 1 believes that the
paminaw nako murag tuyoon or mao nagyud other residents purposely dispose of their
na ilahang na andan nga di jud kamao mukuan garbage improperly because it is a norm that
sa basura ba, di kahipos og tarong has developed within their community.
Translation: Yeah, it’s a headache. Even if
you sweep every day, after a while, there will
be trash again. I feel like they do it on purpose
or that’s what they’re used to, that they don’t
know how to throw trash, can’t dispose of it
properly.
[T1(P1), L78-L83]

SS7: Dako jud og epekto uy, kay kanang mag FM8: On days without rain, the smell of
kanang mag sama bitaw nga way uwan ang garbage spreads, but if it does suddenly rain,
iyang alisngaw gani sa basura, mo singaw ba, the smell of garbage worsens.
sa tagalog pa mosingaw. Kaayo jud. ‘Nya ug
kanang mokalit og uwan grabe pagkabaho
sad.
Translation: It had a big impact because
when the trash is piling up and there’s no rain,
the smell of the trash will spread, if in
Tagalog, “mosingaw.” And if it suddenly
rains, the smell will even be worse.
[T1(P1), L86-L91

SS8: Kanang sama ron, init, ‘nya mukalit og FM9: A sudden downpour of rain after a hot
uwan, ang baho niya murag mugawas. Grabe day makes the smell of garbage even more
ka hugaw jud, di ma bangbang. Di jud ma spread out.
bangbang diri ang basura mao nang number
one problema jud dira kay basura. FM10: The smell of garbage can be way too
Translation: It's the same as now. It’s hot, intense and too much to handle, which is why
then it suddenly rains, and the smell kind of trash is the number one problem within
spreads out. It’s very filthy. It can’t be handled participant 1’s community.
here. The trash is the number one problem
there because it’s trash.
[T1(P1), L94-L99]

SS9: Daghan uy. Klase-klase lang, for FM11: Participant 1’s challenges within their
example, kuan kanang gamay ra kaayog community are the following: narrow
agianan kay kami tanan diha ga line rajud ang roadways due to houses being cramped
balay ba, walay kanang nataran, naay mga together, and no yard, which results in the
tambay mulingkod anang agianan, ‘nya ang residents loitering by and on the road.
uban dili sad kasabot nga dili na sha angay
tambayan. Kay mao rapud baya’y agianan,
mahug sad og away kung di ka kamao
musabot og tao nga kanang borkento sad ba,
pero kung kibaw lang pud ka musabot sad,
ikaw nalang puy musabot kay wa may lain
kalingkoran. Ang tao mulingkod man jud og
makakita og kalingkoran kay wa man pud juy
lain kuan mao na nga ang katong dili kasabot
mahug ju’g away.
Translation: A lot. But it’s different kinds, for
example, the road is very small because our
houses are lined up, there’s no yard, there are
people who loiter on the road, and the people
don’t understand that the road shouldn’t be a
place for loitering. Because that’s the only
road. Arguments may happen if they don’t
know how to understand hard-headed people.
You’ll have to understand for yourself because
there isn’t any other place to sit. The people
will sit if they find a place to sit because
there’s no other place to sit. Some people will
not understand, and this will cause arguments.
[T1(P1), L102-L117]

SS10: Kuan nalang Maam, kanang ikaw FM12: Participant 1 emphasizes that one
nalang jud ang mosabot jud sa sitwasyon. Kay should be understanding of living in their
inana naman ang estado sa among pagpuyo, community since that is how they live. The
gamay kaayog lugar ‘nya mga bata anha place of their community is small, and some
magduwa diha sa kalsada, ‘nya uban sang children play on the road, and parents even let
ginikanan murag pasagdaan nila ba, pero them be.
hinuon ug akoa sad kay dili sad nako kaya kay
mahadlok ko ba nga simbako og matapsingan
sa sakyanan wa ma naanad, pero uban mga
bata anad na kaayo murag mga sakyanan
nalang ang molikay kay ang mga bata kay wa
juy pake, kay bata sad lage.
Translation: You’ll have to be the one to
understand the situation. Because that’s how
we live. The place is so small; some children
play on the road, and their parents just let
them be. But I don't allow my children
because it risks them getting into some kind of
accident, especially when they are
inexperienced. But the other kids seem to be
very experienced in playing by the road to
where they no longer care about the cars
running by, and instead, it's the drivers who
have to dodge these kids playing in traffic.
[T1(P1], L120-L133]

SS11: Kuan nindot man unta na siya kung FM13: Participant 1 has no idea what the
mahuman g’yud, kay duna jud guro nay purpose of the rehabilitation project is.
purpose nganong gi inana na sha diha, noh.
Wa ko kahibaw unsay purpose ana, pero para
nako nindot man siya kay gi-riprapan.
Translation: It would really be nice if they
just finished it because there would be a
purpose for why they’re doing it. I don’t know
what the purpose is, but for me, it’s really nice
because they put up rip-rap walls.
[T1(P1), L175-L180]

SS12: Kuan sad ba, kanang kasaba. Number FM14: The loudness from the rehabilitation
one, kanang kasaba gyud sa mga tao bitaw, project negatively affects residents near the
nga kanang usahay ang amoang man lugar river because of how close they are.
murag maka-ingon ta ba nga influential jud
bitaw kaayo. Saba jud kaayo siya, saba, wa
kay peace of mind.
Translation: The loudness. Number one is the
people's loudness, where sometimes this
place’s loudness can influence you. Very loud,
you can’t have a peace of mind.
[T1(P1), L188-L193]

SS13: Kuan kanang, para nako bati tanawon FM15: Participant 1 believes that even if they
kay napuno sa basura. Mao gali nang number are poor, as long as they are clean, it makes
one, bahalag pobre ta ba basta kay hinlo ta, everyone in the community feel better.
murag nindot ato pamati. Kay inig tanaw nato
satong nataran na gamay kay’s tanan agianan
napuno sa basura, maka-apekta ragyud.
Translation: For me, it doesn’t look pleasant
because it has gotten full of garbage. That’s
number one: it doesn’t matter that we’re poor
as long as we’re clean; it makes us feel good
and better. Because when we look at our small
place and narrow roads full of trash, it affects
us.
[T1(P1), L197-L203]

SS14:Nindot gyud unta kaayo na kanang, FM16: Participant 1 likes the project's
kung mahuman na ang riprap, pero wa ko progress but has no idea what is the purpose
k’ibaw unsay katuyoan ana nganong gi-riprap. of the work being done in the river.
Translation: It would be nice if they finished
the rip-rap walls, but I don’t know what their
purpose is or why they are put up.
[T1(P1), L221-L224]

SS15: Mao siguro. Daghan man jud mi FM17: Participant 1 and along with other
manan-aw didto, kung ngano gi-riprapan siya residents have no idea what the true purpose
kay wa jud mi kabalo ba unsay juy purpose for the rip-rap walls are for.
ngano gi-riprapan.
Translation: Maybe. We’ve observed and
watched them and wondered why they put up
rip-rap walls because we don’t know their
purpose for setting it up.
[T1(P1), L230-L233]

SS16:Wala. Ang among expectation kay hala FM18: Participant 1 was not informed on
gi limpyohan ang sapa, basin demolition nata what kind of work would be done on the river.
ani, pero wala raman. They expected that the government would
Translation: No. We expected them to clean clean their river or maybe demolish their
the river, and maybe the demolition of our homes.
homes would happen to us, but it didn’t
happen.
[T1(P1), L236-L239

SS17:Wala rami pahibaw-a. FM19: The participant was not informed

Translation: They didn’t inform us. about the kind of work that will be done in the
[T1(P1), L243] Rehabilitation project conducted in the river.

SS18:Kuan dili ko ka ingon nga ni okay siya FM20: When no rain occurs, trash
na tungod kay gihunongan, murag ni daghan accumulates more and gets stuck within the
ang basura kay ang sapa daghan kay’g sagbot river.
ron. Nag stock-up kay wala namay uwan ron,
ug mag uwan pa, mada man tong sagbot sa
uwan. Pero karon ni daghan maayo ang
basura, puno kaayo og tanawon nato didto,
puno kay’ng basura.
Translation: I can’t say it’s okay now because
they paused the operation. I think there is
more trash now because you see a lot more
than usual. The trash is stuck up because it’s
not raining these days. If it rained, the trash
would flood away, but now there is even more
trash; the river is full of it.
[T1(P1), L255-L262]

SS19: Ay, sauna limpyo pagyud nang sapa, FM 21: Participant 2 states that the now
wa gyud nay basura. Sa pagkakaron na nga polluted river used to be clean. But as the
lain lain nang namuyo. Kami sauna limpyo population by the river grew, so did the
kay mi diha. Naa man nay dam. Kanang ubos pollution in the river.
sa among balay gyud kay dam.
Translation: Oh, before, the river was so
clean; there was no garbage. But nowadays,
with so many different residents. Back when it
was just us, we were so clean. There used to
be a dam. Under our own home, there is a
dam.
[T2(P2), L303-L308 ]

SS20: Gamay ra mi dira sauna. Karon kay FM22: The river used to be so clean they
bisag kinsa na lang man, mga hugawan man. could wash their clothes.
Limpyo kay mi sauna, naa man gay maglabas
sapa. FM23: As the population grew, so did the
Translation: We were only a few. Now, just filthy people.
about anyone lives here, they are filthy
people. We used to be so clean, there even
used to be people who wash their clothes in
the river.
[T2(P2), L311-L315 ]

SS21: Ay, di ko tig ligog sapa. Maglaba rami. FM24: When the river was clean, it was used
maglaba, manabon, andam sa [unintelligible]. to wash clothes, wash hands, and even bathe.
Limpyo kaynang sapa karon hugaw na kaayo
uy. Kay diri sa tibit tabilyo anha biya tanan FM25: Garbage from the upper section of the
hugaw ara. ilabay sa taas. Luoy kaayo mi river (Tibit Tabilyo) was another factor in the
dihas ubos…Ay ang basura, grabe kay ang pollution.
basura dira uy. ‘Nya pay nang mga batang
gagmay. Kadahapon mag daob gyud mi diha FM26: Floods would reach the homes of the
kay baho man kaayo. Daghan kaayong basura community.
dira ilabay. Mao nang basura namo dira naka
sarapon na ‘nya kuhaon ramans barangay. Nya FM27: The community used to consist of
kanang magbaha baha pud lagi kay maabot only 16 people, but as time passed, more
ang tubig sud saimong balay. Sud uy, kato people started residing in the area and
nang bagyong sinyang. Nanggawas, bakwit practicing improper waste disposal into the
mis san carlos basta bagyo, kay member biya river.
mi diha.

Sauna mga 16 rami diha, ‘nya karon daghan

naman nag abang abang dira, mga basura iitsa
langs sapa. Kanang mura wala gani basurahan
ba, isud unta nilag sako ‘nya ilabay sa may
scrap. Mao nang masuko si kapitan ani kay
pataka rag labay. Kami isarapon man namo
among basura.
Translation: Oh, I didn’t use to bathe there.
Just to wash clothes, wash our hands, prepare
the [unintelligible]. That river used to be so
clean, but now it's very dirty. All the filth
comes from there at Tibit Tabilyo. The trash is
thrown at the upper section of the river. We’re
pitiful at the bottom… the trash accumulated
there is too much. Then there are the small
children. Every afternoon, we burn the
garbage because the awful smell is too
pungent. There is so much trash thrown there.
That's why our trash is kept in containers so
that the barangay can just take it away. During
floods, the water gets inside our homes. Very
much flooded like when typhoon Sinyang hit
us. We evacuate every time to San Carlos
whenever there’s a typhoon, since we are
members there.

We used to have only 16 residences here, but

now there are many who rent around here, and
they also throw their trash into the river. For
as if they don't have a trashcan, they should
instead put it in a sack and dispose of it at the
scrap. That's why our kapitan gets mad about
this because they don't dispose of their
garbage properly. But we dispose of ours
properly.
[T2(P2), L337-346 ]

SS22: Oo gi-riprap nila kay kung di na FM28: Despite the efforts of the river
riprap-on, sud gud nang tubig sa amoa. Karon rehabilitation program to mitigate floods, the
di nana mosud kay gipatas-an naman nila. river remains filthy due to residents
‘Nya gi kalutan ang ilawm ba ‘nya gikuanan continuing to dispose of their garbage into it.
og semento. Gipahubas sa nila ba ‘nya ilang
gibulldoze, butangan nyag semento. Pareha
guadalupe. Pero hugaw ra gihapon kay itsahan
man mi permig basura.
Translation: They added rip-raps because the
river waters would flood our homes if they
didn't. Now, it will not since they have
increased their height. Then, they dug out the
bottom and added cement. They let the water
evaporate, bulldozed it, and added cement,
like in Guadalupe. But it's still very filthy
since trash is still thrown in our river.
[T2(P2), L363-371 ]

SS23: Gi bulldoze nila uy, tua tanan sa mga FM29 Bulldozing piles of garbage and
dan-ok. gibulldoze mana ‘nya naanod ‘nya obstacles was one of the rehabilitation
ang uban gisud nilas sako ang katong uga, project's actions, which led the residents to
pero ang basa di man makaya nila, ilang fear that their homes may also be demolished.
gibulldoze.
FM30: Residents fear that their homes may
be demolished. Residents were worried about
Ang kami ang delikado diri. Wa may where they would live.
nangreklamo diha sa city hall. ‘Nya ana sila
idemolish. Bisan ipademolish pero asa man
silag kabutangan namo?
Translation: They bulldozed it; it's all at the
dump. They bulldozed the trash, and it got
washed away by the river. They kept the dry
trash in sacks, but the wet trash that they
weren't able to remove was just bulldozed.

We’re the ones in danger here. No one

complained at the city hall. And they said to
demolish. Maybe they’ll even demolish our
homes but where will they even put us?
[T2(P2), L387-L396 ]

SS24: Karon? Ay wa nana uy. Sobrang init uy, FM31: The river can no longer support an
wa nanay mabuhi dira. Ang basura may ecosystem or life due to pollution.
daghan. Kay dili ramay tao maglabay dira.
Naay maglabay dira na pick-up, ilabay nila FM32: Vehicles driving by also contribute to
ang sinako, iitsa. Kung badlungon, ditso ra pollution since they toss their garbage bags
padagan. Kung picturan nimo, layo naman, over the bridge when driving by.
larga naman. Sauna maglaba mi diha,
maghayhayan mi diha, karon di na hugaw na
kaayo, baho.
Translation: Now? Not anymore. It’s very
hot, no fishes will survive there. But there’s
lots of garbage. It’s not only people that throw
trash. Pick-up trucks as well, they throw sacks
of garbage. When called out, they drive away.
If you take a picture, they’re too far already,
they drove away already. Back then we used
to do our laundry there, and hang up our
clothes. Now, not anymore. It’s very filthy and
it smells bad.
[T2(P2), L419-L429 ]

SS25: Lagi nalimpyo na ang sapa mga 1991, FM33: Back in 1991 the river used to be very
limpyo pa kaayo na. Karon di na, hugaw na clean.
kaayo. Tingala mi “hugawa na aning sapa”.
Karon di na kalaba kay tanan hugaw naa na
diha, [unintelligible] pagud na.
Translation: Yes. The river was clean back in
1991, it used to be so clean. Now, not
anymore, it’s very filthy now. We were
shocked. “This river is so filthy.” Now, we
don’t have to worry because all the trash is
there. It's still [unintelligible]
[T2(P2), L433-L438 ]

SS26: Makatabang lagi, pero ang problema FM34: The residents with improper waste
kay ang namuyo, dili makatabang. Hugaw disposal habits hinder the cleaning of the
gyud sila. Badlungon man gali na. river.
Translation: It would help, but the problem
are the residents. They’re filthy. They even get
scolded at.
[T2(P2), L441-L443 ]

SS27: Ang gusto nako kanang limpyo, ilang FM35: Participant 2 wishes for their
limpyohan, kay palayos sakit. Lain kay’g community to be clean. For them to clean and
makuha kay naa biya tay gagmayng bata diha. ensure the safety of children in their
Mga sakit sakit ba. Kay naa ra biya akong apo community.
na isa, masakiton biya na
Translation: I want it to be clean, for them to
clean it, to avoid sickness. It’d be unfortunate
to get sick because we have small children
here, and my grandchild gets sick very easily.
[T2(P2), L457-L461 ]

SS28: Daghag lamok uy. Kada gabii magdaob FM36: Mosquitoes are prevalent in the area.
man ko dira gud. Magpaaso man ko. Hugaw
kaayo nang sapa. Tanawa ragud nang basura FM37: People throw garbage into the river at
dira oh. Basta mulabang kas pikas, pwerting night to avoid being caught.
daghana nag basura, naay mga kahoy, plastik,
sinako. Ilabay na nilag magabii, di na sila FM38: Participant 2 complains that the
maglabayg mag adlaw kay badlongon man barangay should take action to clean the filthy
nako. Mamicture man mi. Akoy magbantay river.
dira mga ala una, alas tres. Sayo para way
maglabay. Sinako na lagi mga plastik plastik
hugaw lagi kaayo. Ang sapa hugaw kaayo
dapat ang barangay mulihok pud sila. Karon
naa nay magaduty diri ig gabii 6pm-12pm.
Taga cityhall.
Translation: Yes, there are a lot of
mosquitoes. Every night, I burn trash over
there to smoke out the area. The river is so
dirty. Look at all the trash there. If you cross
the other side, there is lots of garbage; wood,
plastic, and sacks filled with trash. They
throw it at night, not during the day, because I
call them out. We take pictures. I guard there
around 1 am or 3 am, early so that no one will
be throwing garbage. It is so dirty with the
sacks of plastic. The river is so filthy the
barangay should do something about it. Now,
people from the city hall work at night at
6pm-12pm here.
[T2(P2), L463-L478 ]

SS29: Ang problema diha kay ang baha, FM39: Passing cars and random people
basura, lamok. Mao ragyud na ang problema. throwing garbage into the river contribute to
Bisag kinsa raman gud ang maglabay diha. flooding, trash accumulation, and mosquitoes
Mga mangaging sakyanan, ipanglabay dira in the river.
mga sinako.
Translation: The problem there is the flood,
trash, mosquitoes. That’s the only problem.
Because random people throw their garbage
there. Passing cars and throwing their sacked
garbage.
[T2(P2), L503-L507]
SS30: Oo daghan masakit-sakit uy, naa man FM40: Residents within the community get
gani namatay tungod diha sa amo oh. Gihubak sick from trash burning and accumulating
‘nya gida ug cagayan. Baho man kaayo diha trash. In which someone in their community
gud, ‘nya gikan to siya gawas sa ospital ‘nya died due to an asthma attack.
ang baho naanggap niya diha. Astang
daghanag lagum lagi. Daoban na namo diha,
naa man say nasuko sa atbang kay naa puy
hubakon edi among gipatay. Kay para man to
pampatay ba para way langaw.
Translation: Yes, a lot of people get sick.
There was even someone who died near our
house. They had an asthma attack and they
were brought to Cagayan. It’s because it
smells bad there. They were just discharged
from the hospital, then they breathed in the
smell. There were lots of dark areas. We’d
burn trash there, but there’d be someone
who’d get mad because someone could get an
asthma attack, so we put it out. That was for
killing the mosquitoes.
[T2(P2), L510-L521 ]

SS31: Oo, sa siyudad ana. Paet jud ug sa FM41: Their lives are very different from
magulan kay magbantay jud sa baha ani. those of individuals who don't live by rivers.
‘Tong bagyo wa miy tulog tulog kay kalit Individuals such as our Participant who lives
raman mutangas ang tubig diha kay mubo ra right by a river must always be vigilant for
biya nas amo kay wa man nahuman ug riprap. flood risks.
Ang tubigs taytayan diri na. Luoy kayng mga
bata, gipasan najud to ang mga bata.
Translation: Yes it is really different from the
city, here we have to be alert in case a flood
comes. During the typhoon back then, we
couldn't sleep because we had to be attentive
most of the time since the water level rises
very fast. The water under the bridge is
usually up to here. The kids went through a
hard time to the point that they were being
carried.
[T2(P2), L537-L545 ]

SS32: Di ko ganahan lagi FM42: Participant 2 does not like the actions
Translation: I don't like it. being taken in the rehabilitation plan.
[T2(P2), L549 ]

SS33: Mao raman gihapon na og ganahan ta FM43: The participant feels that the
diha, ig baha kitaman gihapon may government rehabilitation project will do
mamobroblema gihimo nila para namo, almost nothing to their community since, in
mayntang mutabang sila. Ang ilang dalan the end, it’d still be the community of the
ingana raman, ayg ingna di musaka ang baha river that would deal with the problem and
dira, saka ra gihapon, igo ra gikubkuban. that the problems they are facing now won’t
Translation: Either way, if we like it, it would go away.
still be us who’s to deal with the problem they
made for us. If only they’d help us. The roads
are still the same, don’t tell me the flood
won’t rise, because it will still rise. They only
digged it up.
[T2(P2), L551-L557 ]

SS34: Tanaw ko na murag di man kaayo na FM44: Participant 2 believes that there will
mo improve nang lugara uy haha. Tanan gyud be no improvement within their community,
tao. Kung naa ramiy kapuyan lain, mamalhin that the people will not change, and that
mi uy daghan jud gaingon diha jd. Dili jud na they’d be better off moving elsewhere. The
maimprove nang mga tao diha sultian talang judgment from others would only continue
ka. Nya naa pay mangisnob dira dili taga diri. that the government won’t help them, and
Mga tao ragyud magdag problema ug kining ever since the year ‘78, nothing has changed.
mga gobyerno sad nga mga way tabang sa
uban. Dili gud na maimprove dira bisag pa
gani ‘tong mga ‘78 wa man gani naimprove.
Translation: I believe there will be no
improvement in the area haha. All of the
people. If only we had another place to stay at,
we would move. To tell you honestly, the
people will never improve at all. There are
also people who don’t live here who’ll roll
their eyes at us. The people themselves are the
ones who bring problems and the government
who can’t help us. Way back ‘78 up until now
there were no improvements at all.
[T2(P2), L563-L574 ]

SS35: Wa jud ko kabantay. FM45: Participant 3 did not notice when the
Translation: I didn't notice. rehabilitation project started.
[T3(P3), L585]

SS36: Nikalit ra silag abot, wala jud mi FM46: Participant 3 was unaware of any
gipang ingnan. Nahibong nalang gani mi rehabilitation program that would take place
nganong gi alihan nila, ‘nya among gi ingnan and that they arrived unannounced. They
nga— “ngano gi alihan mana ninyo ‘nya ang were shocked to find out that the workers
mga basura, maungot na nuon”. ‘Nya mao blocked the river and told them that blocking
man daw ni kuan sa gobyerno, na kuanon nila the river would end up in trash piling up. But
‘nya wa naman sad daw silay mahimo. the workers were simply following orders
Translation: They arrived unannounced and from the government and couldn’t do
didn’t inform us. We were shocked to learn anything about it.
why they blocked the river, and we told them
that the trash would pile up if they did. They
said it was what the government told them to
do, and they couldn’t do anything about it.
[T3(P3), L588-L595]

SS37: Karon humana silang riprap, humana FM47: Participant 3 was disappointed in how
silag kuan sa kilid, ‘nya nanghipos napud sila. dirty the work of the rehabilitation workers
Nya akong giingnan nga inana rana sha kuya? looked.
Inyo ranang biyaan ‘nya gitambakan pa
ninyog mga bato-bato, ‘nya hugaw kaayo
tanawon ‘ya. Ana dayun toh siya nga sagdi
lang, kay balikon rana namo, ‘nya hangtod
karon wa gihapon balika.
Translation: They finished the rip-rap walls
and are now cleaning up. I asked if that was it,
and said that they only stacked up rocks and
that it looked dirty. They said just to let it be
because they’ll still return to fix it. But until
now, they still haven’t come back.
[T3(P3), L598-L606]

SS38: Kuhaon na unta na nila uy, kuhaon nila FM48: Participant 3 is annoyed of the
kay samok jud. outcome of the rehabilitation work and hopes
Translation: I hope they get rid of it. They that they would get rid of it.
should get rid of it since its annoying.
[T3(P3), L627-L628]

SS39: Okay ra kung ilang gikuan gi inana, FM49: Participant 3 is disappointed that their
ang katong dapit diri sa side sa amoa, sa mga side of the river didn’t receive the same
balay-balay, sa kilid-kilid. Ila unta gi flat ug rehabilitation treatment.
semento. Wala man, ila raman gitambakan ug
mga bato. Igo ra gipalapdan nila. Gikuhaan
paman gali na nilag kuan, gamay nalang FM50: Participant 3 believes that their side of
kayng sapa. Pwerti jung gamaya, ‘nya ang the river has only gotten worse from the
basura ani mapuno pajud ni dinhi. rehabilitation project.
Translation: It would’ve been nice if they had
done it like that, like the one near the side of
our area, right by the houses, at the sides.
They should’ve flattened it and cemented it.
But they didn’t; they just added stones. They
just extended it; they even removed some, and
now only a little of the river remains. Very
little, now it’s just going to get filled up with
garbage.
[T3(P3), L631-640]

SS40: Baho. Daghan ug lamok. FM51: Participant 3 experienced bad odor

Translation: It smells. There are a lot of and a lot of mosquitoes in the river.
mosquitoes.
[T3(P3), L644-L645]

SS41: Lain jug baho. Naay mang labay ug FM52: Participant 3 emphasizes the horrible
anso, baho kay’g tae, kay naa may uban diha odor is caused by people improperly
na walay cr. disposing of their bodily wastes into the river.
Translation: The smell is weird. People are
throwing out something rancid, it reeks of
poo. Because there are some who don't have a
CR.
[T3(P3), L650-653]

SS42: Ma anod ang mga gamit, kay naa baya FM53: Since Participant 3 lives near the
jud kos ubos, sa may riprap pajud ko na side. bottom of the river, they often experience
Inig kabaha, aw hinay-hinay ug saka sa babaw floods, which drench their belongings and
ang mga gamit, para di jud mga anod. force them to evacuate as well.
Translation: Since I reside at the bottom, near
the rip-rap, our items get flooded. If it floods,
bit by bit, we bring up our items so they won't
get totally flooded.
[T3(P3), L665-L669]

SS43: Aw mga tang-tang ang sin uy, ang mga FM54: Participant 3 emphasizes the property
kahoy mga guba. Kay ug wala pana amoa damage they receive, such as metal
diha tapad sa among silingan, haros nami corrugated sheets getting ripped off and trees
tanan diha uy. Naa nay dako na balay diha sa being destroyed.
amoa gyud na nakasalipod namo ba, kay kung
wala pud na siya haros mi tanan diha. Kay
mao raman jud na among gikuanan, kana
rajud siya, kay kung pananglitan ang kanang
dako na balay naay guba-guba, among
tabangan kay ug among pasagdan, ma haros
man mi tanan.
Translation: The corrugated sheets are ripped
off, and the trees are destroyed. Because if our
home wasn't there beside our neighbors, all of
us would be gone. There is a big house
obscuring us, and if they weren’t there, we
would all be gone aswell. They are the only
ones we’re relying on because if that big
house gets damaged, we help fix it because if
we don't, we’d all be gone.
[T3(P3), L689-L700]

SS44: Oo, klaro pa. Klaro man gali mi dira FM55: The river in their community used to
mangaligo. Oo kami sa akong mga anak ara be clean enough for people to bathe in.
mi maligo, karon kay di na. Kung mga naog
sa sapa kay maligo ‘nya mag yawyaw nako FM56: Participant 3 discourages people from
kay hugaw kaayo ba. Ara baya na agi ang bathing in the river due to the high risk of
kanang kuan sa sakit sa [unintelligible] contracting diseases from the bacteria in the
kanang tubig ara baya na dayun sa sapa, ‘nya polluted river.
among badlungon kay gahi kaayog ulo.
Translation: Yes, it used to be. It was clear
enough for us to bathe. Yes, my children and I
used to bathe there, but now we don't. I scold
them if they come down to the river to bathe
because of how filthy it is. Since that's where
the [unintelligible] disease travels, the water
in the river, and we scold them for being
hard-headed.
[T3(P3), L718-L726]

SS45: Amoa unta ana kay mag tinabangay FM57: Participant 3 emphasizes the
lang unta ta. Kay kung kami gai dinha, taga importance of cooperating with each other in
sabado amo jud na limpyohan dinha, kanang their community, such as cleaning together on
mga basura amo ibutang sud sa sako, ‘nya ug Saturdays, keeping their trash in sacks, and
kung naa nay garbage truck ang mga taga cooperating with trash collectors from the
barangay, makig cooperate mi sa taga barangay.
barangay para makuha jud ang basura. Kay
ang pinakalisod jud dinha kay ang basura sa FM58: Participant 3 emphasizes that garbage
sapa. Samot na ‘ron kay init, alisngaw, baho odor worsens in hot weather.
kaayo dinha sa amoa, alisngaw jud kaayo.
Naa bakos pinaka ubos, ‘nya ilahang mga FM59: Participant 3 emphasizes that some
basura ilaha sad ilabay sa tungod namo. Mag community members practice improper waste
yaw-yaw lagi kog unsa man mo uy, wa man disposal despite being told not to.
moy mga buot diri uy. Ingnon siya siyay
magbuot, asa man nato ilabay. Isud ug sako FM60: Participant 3 emphasizes that
inyong sagbot, kung naay collector nato diri cleanliness in their community won’t be
atong ipagawas, dili nato iitsa sa sapa. Unsaon achieved unless people stop improperly
pag limpyo sa sapa nga sige rana ug labay. disposing of their waste.
Translate: For us, we just help each other.
Even us who live there clean every Saturday.
We put the garbage in sacks, and if there is a
garbage truck from the barangay, we
cooperate with them so the trash is collected.
Because the hardest thing there is the garbage.
It’s even worse now because of the heat, it's
steaming, it smells awful at our place, and it's
steaming so much. I stay at the bottom, and
they still throw their trash down in front of us.
I even scream at them and ask them who they
are to have no manners. I tell them whose
rights let them throw their garbage anywhere.
Just put it in a sack, then just place it outside
when a collector arrives, not to throw it
straight into the river. How can we even clean
the river if trash is constantly thrown?
[T3(P3), L735-L754]

SS46: Kami wala man mi kuan kay ang FM61: Participant 3 suggests that they have
gobyerno naman gyud ang nagkuan ana gud. no power over the government and let them
Unsa ramay kuan namo? Ilaha man jud nang do whatever they want.
desisyon dinha.
Translation: We don't really have much to say
since it's all up to the government. What can
we even say? It's their decision.
[T3(P3), L770-L773]

SS47: Mao raman toh katong baho kaayo. FM62: The main problem Participant 3
Mao rajud na dihas amoa baho. experiences is the bad odor coming from the
Translation: It’s mainly just the putrid smell. garbage.
It’s just the smell at our place.
[T3(P3), L788-L789]

SS48: Limpyohan lang jud. Para dili jud FM63: Participant 3 emphasizes the
kanang kuan makaapekto, naa biyay mga bata importance of cleaning their environment for
mga sakit, ‘nya tungod sa kabaho anang mga the children’s health.
basura.
Translation: You just have to clean it. So it
doesn’t affect much, there are children who
might get sick just because of how bad the
trash smells.
[T3(P3), L793-796]

SS49: Kuan kanang ma nindot lang siya ba, FM64: Neighbors within their community do
malimpyo ba. Limpyohon jud. Kana diras not cooperate in maintaining a clean
amoa, ang importante jud kay kanang mag environment.
tinabangay mi, kay naa man pud mi diray
uban silingan manga suko kay manglimpyo ta
manga suko. Ingnan tag kamo lay limpyo
dinha ‘nya iyahay ta, ko sige iyahay ta adto
mo limpyos inyoha, ari mi diri. Mao na mag
sige tag kwentahanay. Mag kwentahanay ta
pero kita rapuy ma apektohan. ‘Nya naa rabay
mga bata, ‘nya mga sakit, luoy kaayo.
Translation: Hopefully it gets cleaned.
Properly cleaned. What’s important where we
live is lending a helping hand, because we
have neighbors that get mad because we
clean. I told them they should clean their own
place, you clean your place, we clean our
place. That’s what they do, always counting
favors. You count favors but it’s yourself that
gets affected. And there are children, and they
get sick, it’s sad.
[T3(P3), L799-L810]

SS50: Ang uban gahi kayg ulo, sus mag away FM65: Residents tend to argue over
nalang gud mi. Ingnon nalang gud nako nga maintaining cleanliness in their community.
bahala mo dira oy, basta manglimpyo ko
dapitas amoa.
Translation: Others are really hard-headed,
jeez we end up fighting. I tell them
“Whatever, we’ll clean our place no matter
what you say.”
[T3(P3), L813-L816]

SS51: Sayon raman gyud kung mag cooperate FM66: Cooperation within the community
ang uban tao, pero mag iyahay man, mag proves to be difficult due to residents being
kwentahanay. selfish by counting favors.
Translation: It would be easy if people
cooperated, but they act selfishly, they count
favors.
[T3(P3), L820-L822]

SS52: [unintelligible] Tinabangay ug limpyo FM67: Participant 3 suggests that their

mao rajud na akong hangyo nila kay para sa community should cooperate in cleaning their
kaayohan raba nas tanan. Kay kung manga environment by creating a scheduled cleaning
sakit, lisod jud raba wa rabay mga kwarta. plan to mitigate children contracting diseases
Mao mag tinabangay nalang ta mi dira. Mga since most people within their community
iyaan dira among ingon “Manglimpyo ta ‘nya lack the resources for expensive medical care.
naa tay schedule, para di manga sakit mga
bata, naa rabay tay mga gagmay na anak.”
Usahay raba mga bata dali ra kaayo manga
sakit.
Translation: Helping each other in cleaning,
that’s all I’m asking of them. Because if
someone gets sick, it'd be hard because we
don’t have money. That’s why we should help
each other in cleaning. We’ll tell the residents
“We’re going to clean and have a schedule so
that children won’t get sick because we have
small children.” The children here get sick
very easily.
[T3(P3), L831-L840]

SS53: Oo, madala pa na ug mag tinabangay. FM68: Participant 3 emphasizes that

Sa mga taga babaw di nalang unta na sila residents living in the upper area of their
manglabay ug basura. community should not throw trash down
Translation: Yes, it can still be restored if below.
we’d help each other. And to the people that
live above, they shouldn’t throw trash there.
[T3(P3), L843-L846]

SS54: Ingon ana gihapon. Kay ang uban man FM69: According to Participant 4,
diha gud, manglabay diha’g basura nga dili non-residents of the sitio contribute to the
taga amoa. ‘Nay motor nga maglabay’g trash accumulation in the river.
basura.
Translation: It’s still like that. Because there FM70: According to Participant 4,
are people who don’t live there that throw motorcyclists pass by the river to throw their
their trash. There are also motors that pass garbage.
who throw their trash.
[T4(P4), L914-L917]

SS55: [unintelligible] Ah nigamay naman ang FM71: According to Participant 4, due to the
sapa kay ang basura. ‘Nya ang basura mura river rehabilitation plan, the river got
nama’g na stuck-up didto sa kilid. narrower and the garbage is causing a
Translation: [unintelligible] Ah, the river got blockage.
small because of the trash. And the trash is
clogged up.
[T4(P4), L935-L937]

SS56: Wa mi kahibaw kung para unsa to. FM72: Participant 4 knows nothing regarding
Translation: We don’t know what that was the purpose of the excavating equipment from
for. (excavating machines) the rehabilitation plan.
[T4(P4), L942]

SS57: Sauna, kanang magligo-ligo magbaha FM73: According to Participant 4, the river
kay malimpyo manang sapa ma wash-out man would be clean enough to bathe in whenever a
ang mga basura. Mangaligo ang mga bata diha flood occurs since it washes away the
sa sapa, kay limpyo naman. garbage.
Translation: Back then, they bathe during
floods because the river gets clean, the flood
washes out the trash. The children bathe there
because it was clean.
[T4(P4), L961-L964]

SS58: Di unta mahinayon nga papahawaon, FM74: Participant 4 hopes that they won't be
kay dugay-dugay na baya mi diha. forced to move out of the home that they’ve
Translation: Hopefully they won’t make us lived in for so long.
move because we’ve lived there for a long
time.
[T4(P4), L987-L989]

SS59: Kanang kuan gud, kanang gibutang FM75: Participant 4 complains that the
diha para ang tubig dili moawas. Gamay rip-rap walls added by the rehabilitation
raman ang riprap diha. programs are too small.
Translation: The one they put up so that the
water won’t go over. The riprap walls are
small.
[T4(P4), L1018-L1020]

SS60: Kanang naay molabay sa sapa? FM76: Participant 4 is afraid to complain to

Mohilom nalang mi ana kay kontrahan man the barangay for fear of being antagonized
mi ana sa mga taga-barangay. Kung due to a lack of social connection with the
moreklamo mi? Kontrahan mi ana kay wa officials.
man mi paryente diha.
Translation: About the ones who litter in the
river? We just stay quiet because people from
the barangay (office) will antagonize us. If we
complain? We get antagonized since we don’t
have any relatives to defend us.
[T4(P4), L1150-L1155]

SS61: Nah wala man ko ka kuan ana, para FM77: Participant 4 is uninformed of what is
unsa gyud na ilang buhat-buhat uy. Wa gyud taking place at the site of river rehabilitation
mi kahibaw ana. in their community.
Translation: I don’t have any clue what
they’re doing there. We have no idea.
[T4(P4), L1170-L1172]

SS62: Para namo dili maayo kay ingon sa FM78: Participant 4 believes that the
mga tao, tagaan daw kuno nila ang mga construction done from the river rehabilitation
kawatan og agianan. [laughing] Agianan daw project would only provide more
sa mga kawatan. [laughing] Kay lahos-lahos opportunities for thieves to escape.
ra baya na padung didto.
Translation: For us, no, because of what
people say, they give the thieves a
passageway. [laughing] They say it’s a
passageway for thieves. [laughing] Because
they’ve made it into a straight path down
there.
[T4(P4), L1175-L1179]

SS63: Kanang ingon nga demolition ‘nya FM79: Participant 5 is anxious regarding the
wala’y kabalhinan, asa sad intawn mi rumored demolition of their homes.
paingon. Kadugayon sa amoa, ang akong
ugangan pa, iyang inahan diha na tao, ‘nya
karon rani nag-inani ba.
Translation: But with the demolition, and
with no place to move, where are we headed
with that? It’s been too long, my
mother-in-law, her mother was born there, and
they’re only doing the demolition now.
[T5(P5), L1273-L1278]

SS64: Mas grabe man ron. Sigi lang silag FM80: Participant 5 believes the river
gasto sa kilid himo ug riprap, pag usa sa sila rehabilitation project is futile since they didn’t
nag riprap, limpyohan unta sa ang sapa para prioritize cleaning the river first.
makita gyud ug unsay kuan, unsay ayo ba,
unsay nindot na ilahang gihimo. Nag sigi silag
riprap ‘nya hugaw kaayo ang sapa, wala
gihapon.
Translation: It’s worse now. They keep
spending to put up riprap walls, before they
put up the riprap walls, they should’ve
cleaned the river first so we could see what’s
better and what’s nice with what they’re
doing. They keep continuing with the riprap
and the river is clean, it’s no use.
[T5(P5), L1319-L1326]

SS65: Pait, dong uy. Kana ilang gihimo karon,

FM81: Participant 5 is anxious for their
kung ilaha jud nang [unintelligible] di man
future due to the government's choices.
jud ta ka-kuot kay gobyerno najud na. Ang
makalu-luoy kay kami, kung pahawaon mi,
asa mi paingon, wala nami kapuy-an, balik
lang gihapon mi sa daplin sa kalsada.
Translation: With what they’re doing now,
they’re really [unintelligible] we can’t bother
the government. We’re the ones who are
unfortunate if they’ll make us move, where
are we headed? We can’t live anywhere, we’ll
have to go back to the side of the road.
[T5(P5), L1349-L1355]

SS66: Aw, para lang sa ako, wa man gyud ta FM82 Participant 5 believes that they have no
mahimo, pobre man ta ‘nya wa man ta’y power over what is happening to them and
ikapuyo sa maayong lugar. Okay nalang sa accepts whatever would happen to them.
akoa na kanang problema, mag unsa man
ikaw ang mo limpyo ‘nya ang uban dili, wala
ra gihapon mahimo. Okay ra sa akoa, na anad
naman mi.
Translation: For me, we can’t really do
anything because we’re poor, and we can’t
live in a proper place. I’m just okay with the
problem, because I’ll clean and other people
won’t, I can’t do anything about that. I’m
okay with it, we’re used to it.
[T5(P5), L1405-L1411]

SS67: Ang ilahang programa na bag-o na dili FM83: Participant 5 states that the
rehabilitation program the government is
maka benepisyo ang mga pobre, kana lang
doing does not benefit the poor such as them.
naa.
Translation: Their new program doesn’t
benefit the poor, that’s all I can say.
[T5, L1501-L1503]

SS68: Gobyerno? Naa man tingali pero wa pa FM84: Participant 6 has no knowledge on
man tingali ma abot. who is running the rehabilitation project.
Translation: Government? I think there is but
they haven’t arrived.
[T6(P6), L1514-1515]

SS69: Wa, igo rako nakuan na “ingani raman FM85: Participant 6 believes that they cannot
ta, pobre man. Dawaton nalang unsay kuan do anything due to poverty and will accept
katalagnan mahatag.” anything given to them.
Translation: No, I could only say “we’re like
this, we’re poor. We’ll just have to accept
what they have to give.”
[T6(P6), L1536-1538]

SS70: Wala. (Expectations on the river

FM86: Participant 6 has no expectation for
rehabilitation project)
the outcome of the river rehabilitation.
Translation: None.
[T6(P6), L1609]

Formulated Meanings (FM) Sub-Themes/Theme Clusters

FM1: Participant 1 noticed that the Rehabilitation

Project was halted. The workers made progress, but
Participant 1 doesn’t know when they’ll return to finish
it.

FM13: Participant 1 has no idea what the purpose of the

rehabilitation project is.

FM16: Participant 1 likes the project's progress but has

no idea what is the purpose of the work being done in the
river.

FM17: Participant 1 and along with other residents have

no idea what the true purpose for the rip-rap walls are
for.

FM18: Participant 1 was not informed on what kind of

work would be done on the river. They expected that the
government would clean their river or maybe demolish
their homes.

FM19: The participant was not informed about the kind

of work that will be done in the Rehabilitation project
conducted in the river.
Residences of the River are
FM45: Participant 3 did not notice when the Uninformed of the Details of the
rehabilitation project started. River Rehabilitation Project

FM46: Participant 3 was unaware of any rehabilitation

program that would take place and that they arrived
unannounced. They were shocked to find out that the
workers blocked the river and told them that blocking the
river would end up in trash piling up. But the workers
were simply following orders from the government and
couldn’t do anything about it.

FM72: Participant 4 knows nothing regarding the

purpose of the excavating equipment from the
rehabilitation plan

FM77: Participant 4 is uninformed of what is taking

place at the site of river rehabilitation in their
community.
FM84: Participant 6 has no knowledge on who is
running the rehabilitation project.

FM5: The government should provide homes for the

participant and other affected residents if ever they
choose to demolish their homes.
The Government Can’t Help
FM38: Participant 2 complains that the barangay should
take action to clean the filthy river.

FM76: Participant 4 is afraid to complain to the

barangay for fear of being antagonized due to a lack of
social connection with the officials.

FM61: Participant 3 suggests that they have no power

over the government and let them do whatever they
want.
FM82 Participant 5 believes that they have no power Acceptance “There’s nothing we
over what is happening to them and accepts whatever can do!”
would happen to them. OR
“Bahala na” Mindset, Lack of
FM85: Participant 6 believes that they cannot do
anything due to poverty and will accept anything given Personal Accountability
to them.

FM2: Participant 1 mentions that the river's current state

is full of trash.

FM3: In the dry season, the lessened flow of the river

washes away less garbage, letting garbage accumulate
even more.

FM6: Participant 1's main problem in their community is

the prevalent improper waste disposal, which is caused
by a lack of discipline from the residents themselves,
especially the children.

FM7: Despite the efforts to maintain cleanliness.

Participant 1 believes that the other residents purposely
dispose of their garbage improperly because it is a norm
that has developed within their community

FM15: Participant 1 believes that even if they are poor,

as long as they are clean, it makes everyone in the
community feel better.

FM20: When no rain occurs, trash accumulates more

and gets stuck within the river.

FM23: As the population grew, so did the filthy people.

FM25: Garbage from the upper section of the river (Tibit

Tabilyo) was another factor in the pollution.

FM28: Despite the efforts of the river rehabilitation

program to mitigate floods, the river remains filthy due
to residents continuing to dispose of their garbage into it.

FM32: Vehicles driving by also contribute to pollution

since they toss their garbage bags over the bridge when
driving by.

FM34: The residents with improper waste disposal

habits hinder the cleaning of the river. Struggle for Cleanliness and
Pollution
FM35: Participant 2 wishes for their community to be
clean. For them to clean and ensure the safety of children
in their community.

FM37: People throw garbage into the river at night to

avoid being caught.

FM39: Passing cars and random people throwing

garbage into the river contribute to flooding, trash
accumulation, and mosquitoes in the river.

FM57: Participant 3 emphasizes the importance of

cooperating with each other in their community, such as
cleaning together on Saturdays, keeping their trash in
sacks, and cooperating with trash collectors from the
barangay.

FM59: Participant 3 emphasizes that some community

members practice improper waste disposal despite being
told not to.

FM60: Participant 3 emphasizes that cleanliness in their

community won’t be achieved unless people stop
improperly disposing of their waste.

FM64: Neighbors within their community do not

cooperate in maintaining a clean environment.

FM65: Residents tend to argue over maintaining

cleanliness in their community.

FM66: Cooperation within the community proves to be

difficult due to residents being selfish by counting
favors.

FM68: Participant 3 emphasizes that residents living in

the upper area of their community should not throw trash
down below.

FM69: According to Participant 4, non-residents of the

sitio contribute to the trash accumulation in the river.

FM70: According to Participant 4, motorcyclists pass by

the river to throw their garbage.
FM8: On days without rain, the smell of garbage
spreads, but if it does suddenly rain, the smell of garbage
worsens.

FM9: A sudden downpour of rain after a hot day makes

the smell of garbage even more spread out.

FM10: The smell of garbage can be way too intense and

too much to handle, which is why trash is the number
one problem within participant 1’s community.

FM51: Participant 3 experienced bad odor and a lot of

mosquitoes in the river.

FM52: Participant 3 emphasizes the horrible odor is

caused by people improperly disposing of their bodily
wastes into the river. Odor Problems

FM58: Participant 3 emphasizes that garbage odor

worsens in hot weather.

FM62: The main problem Participant 3 experiences is

the bad odor coming from the garbage.

FM11: Participant 1’s challenges within their community

are the following: narrow roadways due to houses being
cramped together, and no yard, which results in the
residents loitering by and on the road.

FM12: Participant 1 emphasizes that one should be

understanding of living in their community since that is
how they live. The place of their community is small, Lack of Space
and some children play on the road, and parents even let
them be.

FM14: The loudness from the rehabilitation project

negatively affects residents near the river because of how
close they are.

FM 21: Participant 2 states that the now polluted river

used to be clean. But as the population by the river grew,
so did the pollution in the river.
FM22: The river used to be so clean they could wash
their clothes.

FM24: When the river was clean, it was used to wash

clothes, wash hands, and even bathe.

FM27: The community used to consist of only 16 Change Over Time

people, but as time passed, more people started residing
in the area and practicing improper waste disposal into
the river.

FM33: Back in 1991 the river used to be very clean.

FM55: The river in their community used to be clean

enough for people to bathe in.

FM73: According to Participant 4, the river would be

clean enough to bathe in whenever a flood occurs since it
washes away the garbage.

FM26: Floods would reach the homes of the community.

FM31: The river can no longer support an ecosystem or

life due to pollution.

FM36: Mosquitoes are prevalent in the area.

FM40: Residents within the community get sick from

trash burning and accumulating trash. In which someone
in their community died due to an asthma attack.

FM41: Their lives are very different from those of

individuals who don't live by rivers. Individuals such as
our Participant who lives right by a river must always be
vigilant for flood risks.
Dangers
FM53: Since Participant 3 lives near the bottom of the
river, they often experience floods, which drench their
belongings and force them to evacuate as well.

FM54: Participant 3 emphasizes the property damage

they receive, such as metal corrugated sheets getting
ripped off and trees being destroyed.

FM56: Participant 3 discourages people from bathing in

the river due to the high risk of contracting diseases from
the bacteria in the polluted river.

FM63: Participant 3 emphasizes the importance of

cleaning their environment for the children’s health.

FM67: Participant 3 suggests that their community

should cooperate in cleaning their environment by
creating a scheduled cleaning plan to mitigate children
contracting diseases since most people within their
community lack the resources for expensive medical
care.

FM80: Participant 5 believes the river rehabilitation

project is futile since they didn’t prioritize cleaning the
river first.

FM4: The ripraps installed and repairs that the

government did showed little to no effect on the
participant.

FM43: The participant feels that the government

rehabilitation project will do almost nothing to their
community since, in the end, it’d still be the community
of the river that would deal with the problem and that the
problems they are facing now won’t go away.

FM44: Participant 2 believes that there will be no

improvement within their community, that the people
will not change, and that they’d be better off moving
elsewhere. The judgment from others would only
continue that the government won’t help them, and ever Seeing No/Negative Effects of the
since the year ‘78, nothing has changed. Project

FM50: Participant 3 believes that their side of the river

has only gotten worse from the rehabilitation project.

FM83: Participant 5 states that the rehabilitation

program the government is doing does not benefit the
poor such as them.

FM86: Participant 6 has no expectation for the outcome

of the river rehabilitation.

FM78: Participant 4 believes that the construction done

from the river rehabilitation project would only provide
more opportunities for thieves to escape.
FM42: Participant 2 does not like the actions being
taken in the rehabilitation plan.

FM47: Participant 3 was disappointed in how dirty the

Low Hopes for the Success of the
work of the rehabilitation workers looked.
Project
FM48: Participant 3 is annoyed of the outcome of the
rehabilitation work and hopes that they would get rid of
it.

FM49: Participant 3 is disappointed that their side of the

river didn’t receive the same rehabilitation treatment.

FM71: According to Participant 4, due to the river

rehabilitation plan, the river got narrower and the
garbage is causing a blockage.

FM75: Participant 4 complains that the rip-rap walls

added by the rehabilitation programs are too small.

FM29 Bulldozing piles of garbage and obstacles was one

of the rehabilitation project's actions, which led the
residents to fear that their homes may also be
demolished.

FM30: Residents fear that their homes may be

demolished. Residents were worried about where they The resident’s anxiety for their
would live. future well-being

FM74: Participant 4 hopes that they won't be forced to

move out of the home that they’ve lived in for so long.

FM79: Participant 5 is anxious regarding the rumored

demolition of their homes.

FM81: Participant 5 is anxious for their future due to the

government's choices.
 Sub-Themes/Cluster Themes Final Themes

1.​ Residences of the River are

Uninformed of the Details of
“If we complain? We get antagonized since we
the River Rehabilitation Project
don’t have any relatives to defend us“: Distrust of
Government
2.​ The Government Can’t Help

1.​ Acceptance “There’s nothing

we can do!”
“I’m okay with it, we’re used to it“: Hopelessness
and Fatalism
2.​ “Bahala na” Mindset, Lack of
Personal Accountability

1.​ Struggle for cleanliness

2.​ Odor problems
3.​ Lack of space “Now, just about anyone lives here, they are filthy
people.“: Riverine Life is Not Easy
4.​ Change over time
5.​ Dangers

1.​ Seeing no/negative effects of

the project
2.​ Low hopes for the success of “Either way, if we like it, it would still be us who’s
to deal with the problem they made for us.“:
the project
Negative Perception of the Rehabilitation Project
3.​ The resident’s anxiety for their
future well-being
 Final Themes Exhaustive Description

This was chosen because all participants aired their

doubts on whether the government might be able to
carry out the herculean task of cleaning the rivers
when they’ve attempted to do the same thing years
before? Work continues to be done, despite
Distrust in Government: Incapability confidence waning. Workers showed up
and Indifference unannounced, the work they’ve done is
unexplained, and the residents remain uninformed
about the supposedly helpful program happening in
their own community. There is an indifference in
their strategy, continuing work without the
confidence of the masses ignoring the fact that their
power comes from the masses itself.

In the transcripts, blame is always set upon

someone else, be it their neighbors or the
government. There is a lack of personal
accountability, with a prevalence of the “Bahala na”
mindset in cleanliness as there is sort of a
widespread belief that individual actions affect the
Resigned Acceptance: Hopelessness and whole, but that is simply not the case. Sometimes,
Fatalism they give in to fatalist acceptance and embrace their
challenges with resignation. What else can they do
as they have no choice in the matter? This frame of
mind applies to genuine problems that can be
addressed like material poverty, ecological
degradation, and more.

Problems are constantly being brought up during

the interviews and most of them are related to
hygiene and odor, and sometimes with weather
Daily Struggles: Riverine Life is Not events like floods, but floods are not a daily
Easy occurrence. Daily life in a riverine community in
Cebu like Sitio Purras demands constant patience,
 fortitude, and a strong immune system; as floods,
sickness, noise, and filth invade your daily life/

All of the participants have lived for more than a

decade next to the river Guadalupe, more than our
minimum selection criterion of five years. And all
They Can’t Rehabilitate The River: of them say the state of the river is worse now than
Negative Perception and Low Hopes it was before, even with the rehabilitation program
underway. To them, there is either a negative effect
or no effect at all with the rehabilitation program.