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WDM - Wavelength Devision Multiplexing: y l mt cng ngh ghp knh c p dng i vi h thng thng tin Quang. V truyn dn quang, c cc cng ngh ang c s dng l : Time division Multiplexing, Code division multiplexing, v Wavelength division multiplexing (hoc l FDM: Frequency division multiplexing). WDM v c bn l ging vi FDM. FDM l thut ng thng c dng trong h thng thng tin di ng, cn WDM l dng trong h thng thng tin quang. Mi ngi c th hnh dung, c mt thit b, trong c n u vo l cc bc sng lamda-1, lamda-2,...lamda-n, v 1 u ra, trong cc bc sng c truyn chung trn cng mt si quang, y l si quang n mode (Single mode fibre - SMF). Tuy nhin, trnh nh hng ln nhau ca cc bc sng khi truyn chung trn mt si quang, khong cch gia cc bc sng - khong cch cc knh (channel spacing) phi ln. Nh vy, c th coi nh WDM cung cp nhiu si quang o, mi si quang mang mt bc sng khc nhau. Hin nay, cc h thng WDM thng c trin khai trong mng quang bin, ng di ni t nc ny sang nc khc, chu lc ny sang chu lc khc DWDM : Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing: y l cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng vi mt rt cao, c khi ln ti hng nghn, cung cp dung lng rt ln. Khi m cc dch v v truyn d liu, ti phim nh, m nhc, tr chi ngy cng pht trin, th vic trin khai WDM ni chung l cn thit m bo vic cung cp di thng cng nh tc cho vic truyn dn ny. DWDM hin nay thng c dng cho h thng cp quang bin hay h thng xuyn lc a, tuy nhin, cng c th cung cp trong phm vi mt nc hay mt khu vc do chi ph trong vic trin khai rt cao. Khong cch ko dng b lp hay b khuch i ln n vi nghn km. Nh ni bn trn, trnh cho vic nh hng ln nhau gia cc bc sng khi ghp knh truyn trn 1 si quang, khong cch c chun ha gia 2 bc sng l 0.8nm hay tng ng vi 100GHz. Cn mt cng ngh na l CWDM (Coarse WDM) mi c thng qua nm 2002, cng ngh ny theo l thuyt ghp c ti a 18 bc sng, vi khong cch cc bc sng khong 20nm vo mt knh, dung lng v tc c m bo nh DWDM, khong cch ko dng b lp hoch khuch i l khong vi chc cho ti vi trm km. u im ca CWDM l c chi ph thp hn trin khai DWDM khong 30-50%. Do vy, CWDM c u tin trin khai trong h thng mng ca thnh ph hoc ca 1 khu vc!

Self-test v DWDM 1. ________ (DWDM) is a _______ transmission technique. a. Dense wavelength division multiplexing; fiber-optic b. Direct wavelength directing medium; telecommunications c. Direct wave division multiplexing; fiber-optic d. none of the above

2. DWDM allows the transmission of _______ over the optical layer. a. voice and e-mail b. multimedia and video c. data d. none of the above e. all of the above 3. DWDM enables different formats, such as ______, to be transmitted over the optical layer. a. IP and ATM b. ATM and SONET c. SONET and SDH d. SDH and ATM e. all of the above 4. DWDM increases the capacity of _____ fiber by first assigning incoming ________ to specific frequencies within a designated frequency band and then _______ the resulting signals out onto one fiber. a. optical fiber; wavelengths; combining b. embedded; optical signals; multiplexing c. group; signals; multiplexing d. dense; wavelengths; multiplexing 5. Future DWDM terminals will have the capacity to transmit ____ volumes of an encyclopedia in one second. a. 90 b. 250 c. 1, 500 d. 90,000 6. Compared with repeater-based applications, a DWDM infrastructure also increases the distances between network elementsa huge benefit for long-distance service providers looking to significantly reduce their initial network investments. a. true b. false 7. One drawback to DWDM is that its infrastructure is not easily expanded. a. true b. false 8. DWDM systems are bit-rate and format independent and can accept any combination of interface rates on the same fiber at the same time. a. true

b. false 9. DWDM is the final step on the road to full optical networking and the realization of the optical layer. a. true b. false 10. Standard transaction language 1 interfaces are widely available for DWDM systems. a. true b. false http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/dwdm/selftest.html http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/acrobat/dwdm.pdf Thit k tuyn thng tin quang DWDM l mt cng vic ht sc phc tp. Bn cnh cc yu t thng thng m ta vn gp phi nh trong cc h thng n knh nh suy hao, tn sc (CD v PMD), nhiu trong cc b khuch i quang, th i vi h thng DWDM cn phi c bit lu { n: 1. nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn (SPM, XPM, FWM, SBS, SRS...), v ngng phi tuyn trong cc h thng DWDM thp hn nhiu so vi cc h thng n knh quang 2. S tng tc gia tn sc v phi tuyn trong si quang, tng tc gia cc knh bc sng, 3. S tch lu nhiu v tch lu mo tn hiu khi trn tuyn c s dng cc b khuch i quang. 4. c tnh ph khng bng phng ca cc b khuch i. V vy khi thit k cc tuyn thng tin quang DWDM, ngoi cc tnh ton n gin v suy hao, tn sc, chng ta cn phi quan tm n cc yu t k trn, c bit l nh hng ca cc hiu ng phi tuyn. Mi ngi gii thch gim cc lu { 2 v 4. c m khng hiu. C th c th gii thiu cho em t cun sch v design DWDM. Thanks..*_* Cho mnh hi, trong lnh vc thng tin quang, VN c n v no thc hin cng tc nghin cu hay pht trin m c phng th nghim thc hin mt php truyn tin qua mng cp quang tc c 10 Gb/s (tt nht l 40 Gb/s) vi di ng truyn ln n 1.000km cha cc bn? Khong cch cc knh l 0.4nm Mnh ly v d, mnh c mua mt b lc quang (JDSU) v mun nh gi cht lng tn hiu quang sau lc c hai tc trn th c th thc hin VN c khng? Mnh khng bit bn c ti liu no, nhng cng mo mui tr li 2. Tng tc gia cc hiu ng phi tuyn v tn sc th nhiu, nhng nh hng ln nht n ng truyn l s tng tc gia SPM (self phase modulation) v tn sc. H qu ca SPM l lm cho pha u v cui xung khng ging nhau, hay ni cch khc lch bc sng hai u ny khng ging nhau, v d nh u xung c bc sng nh hn so vi cui xung. Tn sc li l hin tng vn tc nhm ca cc bc sng khc nhau th khc nhau. Do , khi c c hai, xung s c nn li nu cui xung c vn tc nhm nhanh hn u xung.

Sau y l v d: Di y l Eye diagramme (ting vit l g ta? :-?) ca tn hiu quang 40 Gbit/s dng iu bin ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying (hay OOK -- On/Off Keying) RZ 33% vi cc xung c rng khong 8 ps.

Sau khi truyn qua 2 km si NZ-DSF (Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber) vi cng sut u vo l 18 dBm, tn hiu u ra c dng nh sau:

Ta thy r rng cc xung b nn li cn khong 4 ps. Nu hai hin tng SPM v tn sc b tr ln nhau, tn hiu s c truyn i m khng h b bin dng. Tc ng truyn t hiu ng soliton. !! Cc hnh trn c quan st qua Optical Sampling Oscilloscope c tn PicoSolve vi 1 ps resolution, pht trin bi mt trng H Thy in da trn hiu ng trn bn sng. 4. c tnh ph khng bng phng ca cc b khuch i. Cc b khuch i c dng hin nay l cc EDFA-- Erbium-Dopted Fiber Amplificator, c bit n nh b x l tn hiu ton quang duy nht c s dng v hon ton p dng c cho WDM. Vn t ra l ph khuych i ca EDFA khng bng phng (hnh v), lm cho cc knh khng c khuch i nh nhau, v cng sut u ra chnh lch nhau. Sau nhiu ln khuch i, mt s knh s chim ht h s khuch i vo c cng sut cc ln, trong khi mt s khnh khc s b trit tiu.

Mt trong nhng gii php ca vn ny l dng b Gain Equalizer, l mt dng b lc lp trnh c (programable filter) c ph ngc li vi ph khuch i trn ca EDFA. V d sn phm: Gain Equalizer ca Chorum. Hi vng l tr li c phn no cu hi ca bn! Eye diagram hay eye pattern trong ting Vit gi l mu mt, dch t ch eye pattern. Tn hiu bng gc khi phc li u thu nu c cho vo mt my hin sng c tc qut ngang ng bng tc symbol th cc xung bng gc s ng li trn mn hnh, chng ln nhau v c dng ca mt mt ngi nn gi l mu mt (eye pattern). Trong trng hp ISI = 0 th m mu mt l 100%. B dy m mt cho thy tn hiu b mo n u v s lm gim d tr vi tp m. Thng thng,

cc h thng DRRS (Digital Radio-Relay System) c eye pattern openning ln hn 50% l c th chp nhn c, thng th ln hn 70%. Eye Diagram hay diagramme de l'oeil th sang ting vit bn BKHN hay gi l th mt

Xin gii thch v Optical Add/ ultiplexe t ong h thng

op

ultiplexing v

Mnh ang c ti liu v h thng DWDM ca ECI, c mt vn m mnh khng hiu r lm l: b add/drop knh quang (hay trong ECI cn gi l card OADM) v card tch/ghp knh quang (MUX/DEMUX). --->MUX v DEMUX th tch/ghp cc bc sng quang ng khng? --->Vy th card OADM lm g na, c thy n cng hao hao ging nhau, khng bit c phi add/drop cc lung cp thp E1 hay lm g ???? Hay c th chc nng n lm g? C ai pro tr li gim mnh vi, cm n nhiu. Ngoi ra, cn c card transponder, c th c v y l card tch sng, c khi th li nh mt card thu pht, cho mnh hi, tch sng lm g, c phi tch bc sng khng. Nu khng phi mt card tch sng th y c phi card lm chc nng thu pht khng. Cm n cc pro rt nhiu. Suy ngh my ci ny m au u qu. thank thank!!!!!!
Mnh ni qua qua bn t tm hiu thm. Card transponder thung c dng chuyn i t bc sng quang ca tn hiu u vo (tn hiu u vo ca b DWDM thng l Fiscon, 10Gb Ethernet, 2.5Gb SDH... thnh bc sng chun trong li DWDM ghp ln si quang. V d nu bn c bn lung SDH 2.5Gb bc sng 1310 u vo chng hn th bn cn mt card muxponder ghp 4 bc sng ny thnh lung 10Gb STM64 vi bc sng DWDM tiu chun. Trong trng hp nu u vo ca bn l ng vi boc sng chun ca li DWDM th bn khng cn card ny na. Cn phn bn hi v OADM, mux, demux th n hi chung chung, mnh khng bit nn gii thch th no. Tuz tng h thng c th m chc nng cc card n s hi khc nhau i cht. v phn transponder th mnh ng kin, by gi th hiu v n ri, trong ti liu ch ni n gin l chuyn i tn hiu Non-colored thnh tn hiu Colored. Non-colored tc l nhng tn hiu cha theo tiu chun ca DWDM. By gi th hiu hn ri. Ti v c ti liu ting anh, hiu { ngha ting vit ca n, mt s thut ng chuyn ngnh kh hiu. T transponder, trong t in chuyn ngnh vin thng dch l tch sng, ci ngha ny lm mnh au u. he he. Cn v phn mux/demux, v OADM th mnh vn ang tm hiu thm. Theo mnh ngh th card OADM l card cho php add hoc drop cc lung tn hiu t cc ngun khc (tc l t cc dch v mnh cung cp, a v ng trc), ri lc ny mi ghep bc sng truyn i, hnh nh l trn mt s card OADM c tch hp c kh nng MUX/DEMUX, cn MUX/DEMUX th khng th add/drop c. hin ti Site mnh, dng c 2 card c chc nng OADM, tn l AOC (add/drop on card). Ngoi ra c c card MUX/DEMUX, vi 4 knh c s dng.

Theo ca bn, "Tuz tng h thng c th m chc nng cc card n s hi khc nhau i cht", bn c th cho 1 v d minh hoa, v gii thch c khng. thank nhiu nhiu. Card AoC (All on Card) l transponder c c chc nng ghp knh (nh SDH) thi bn, ko phi l OADM u Mux/Demux l card ghp/tch nhiu bc sng v hot ng giao din WDM, cn AoC l card cho php xen/r lung nhnh/lung tng ri tng hp tn hiu truyn trn 1 bc sng. Ni cch khc AoC va c c giao din SDH/WDM. Theo mnh: + MUX, DEMUX l tch/ghp knh quang. Ghp t cc lung quang thnh phn thnh lung quang tng-cn tch th tch t lung quang tng thnh cc lung quang thnh phn. + OADM: thc hin chc nng xen/r mt hoc mt vi lung quang t lung quang tng. Cc lung cn li c tip tc truyn "xuyn qua". Trong mt s trng hp OADM cn c thm chc nng nh tuyn v cu hnh li-cu hnh li l thc hin iu khin t xa vic xen/r cc lung quang. + Card Transponder cn thc hin thm chc nng to giao din tng thch gia thit b v ngi s dng. Mt s hiu bit nh nh vy. Bn cng tham kho nh

UX/ E UX: 2 ca d n y ing bit OADM: 1 card cn 1 im hc na l nhm cc nh t anspa ent v o 1 line ( u nhy n gin) nhng ci n y c th vendo hc li hc Cc thit b c bn s dng t ong h thng
Em ang lm n v ti : Cng ngh ghp knh quang a bc sng DWDM tc 40Gb/s Hin em ang cn tn ( c th ), thng s k thut, chc nng chnh ca cc thit b hin ang s dng Vit Nam ca cc thit b sau ( em cng tim trn mng nhng v c nhiu loi nn em khng bit loi no hay c dng ): THIT B GHP TCH KNH QUANG THIT B KHUCH I QUANG SI THIT B XEN R KNH QUANG OADM THIT B NI CHO QUANG OXC B PHT QUANG B THU QUANG B COUPLER HNH SAO( PSC ) B NH TUYN BC SNG B BIN I BC SNG

B LC QUANG Cn mt vn na l em vn khng r WDM v DWDM khc nhau nh th no ngoi vic DWDM c th ghp c nhiu bc sng hn. CNG NGH LC QUANG C IU CHNH BC SNG CNG NGH B CHUYN PHT QUANG (OTU) CNG NGH B KHUCH I QUANG S DNG SI QUANG PHA TRN ERBIUM (EDFA) Cu to c bn v nguyn l hot ng ca EDFA Cc phng thc bm s dng trong EDFA CNG NGH SI QUANG CNG NGH IU KHIN GIM ST H THNG WDM Vi cc cng ngh trn th gia chng c g khc nhau. Em hi hi nhiu nhng mong cc bc gii p cho em phn no hoc c ti liu th cho em xin. Thanks cc bc nhiu. Mong cc bc !
Mun tm hiu H thng DWDM trn nn backbone th bn phi tm ngi no lm Viettel, VTN, FPT... th mi c c nhng ng dng thc t cng ngh DWDM trong h thng backbone. Theo mnh nu khng c iu kin tip xc vi nhng ngi th bn c th nghin cu thit b Optix Metro 6100 ca Huawei ay. Bn c th search trn Internet cng c. ng dng DWDM trn mng ng trc l c mt cng ngh ct li ca mt nh khai thc mng, Hin nay th VNPT, Viettel trin khai cng ngh ghp knh ny ri, Mnh cng ang lm d n u thu cho Gtel, ni chung v hng ti ca bn th rt hay, tuy nhin ti ngh mt mnh bn th khng th lm ni u. Ch ring ci vic bn cn c m hnh mng backbone s dng ghp knh DWDM l qu kh. Bn nn chuyn ti khc i bn , bi l c mt b quyt cng ngh ca nh khai thc vin thng. Nu bn lm c ti ny th cng khng thit thc u. Chc bn thnh cng.