+ Half waWe reHlet
is a type of redtfier hat only allows oehalf yce
of Ac oago to paks ad block to ottor half
Load
ful wave rectler -
is d dJode clrauwt hat tans fom Complete Cycla of Ac
vo lage to Dc voltage
+ (entertap ful ave
t Brdge full wawe
Vs
Vp |Ls= Vs. Lp Vs = Ip
Vp
Rs- Vs
t pulse width modubon :
that generates Variable
is a modwaton +echoue
wldth pules to reprent he ampltude of aralgineut
siral
t Appl catHons of phWH :
2/ Specd ortol of
Mofo 8/audlo deuie
4/ pLnps
|daty gcle = Tonlo0 % dutycycle =Ktleylbo%
T
T- Tant lof Ton lne) (R,+B)F
Tof = In(2) Rz
* Orauwt Components
2/ swtch 3/ wlres 4/Load
t LED max Vo Hag is rom 8v to 3-3 v
LED VOltge dop is 2v
LED Cent s 2omA to I5mA
t Zenor dode 3
)H is a peca! type ot dlode užcd as a Votage
regulatos ad Connecte! in pardlel
t of Or ubt (when vin < V)
* on drwt (when vn > Vz)
t ptocOupler - ((PC 8I7)
is a doule that alows sloral to be tansn Hed betueon
opiocoupler is ettor ued as a SwHehlng dowle ct
uses to provide isolatton betnon low ard hoh Vo Bage
Orcits
Is afour layer semorductr deylce (PNpN) and has
thee ternrals (Anocde, Cathode,
gae)
+ Thyrstor condus when the ge recves a plse ad
coNtnue to CordLet as lorg as forwd blakd
+ Thyistor (on harle hah Cuents (
Ie5 KA).
* thynstor (an hadle Nan vobage (io ku)
4 The pOuct an be (ordtrolled by ha qtte (uert
abt(IA).
Dte Pper motoy iS lked in apUattons urce ah
pEGon rd a((kaly ale needd.
(d printcs, robotics ,hard llsk drives )
* seppe
D uto
moto povijes
Novides
an incemertal motion
ortinuoLs motion
,uhle
Types of spex motors
/ un pola (5, 6,8 wlees mvator )
4 wles motar)
4 Coil wres an be deermuned by -
* Color Codes
* Resístene ( tuslng mutimcer)
* motor dnlers e U&cd hen nnectirg the tnofor
to mlloCortroller aduno betuk
or the CofHrollet
works on low Cusent sighal and te mofo eguses gh
the tnluController dob output is about 20-30 nA d
the mofor needs Nger Cutent to un
+ notor drirer poHects the muo ontrolet irom batk
Cuhent from tho motor.
L247 diler plns
y Erable pln
to ereble te dier (aluays aGivakd hlah)
/Relet pin
uJed to rejet the cliult and bring it back to hs ogh
stte
a/ tHalt /fal pin Lek to tottke halt argle or tul skp rgk
/Logic I for halt argle) (Loglc o for ful argle )
tThistor farmlly
BT I53
•SCR (shlon rectiler) BTI52
(otrolla
•Triac triade tor aleratira cLhent) ET I36 BTI37
• Dlac (
blocde on allerratirg Cunent).
FTiac:
is athree ele ctrade sedaorductar devle that Coroucts
in ettor directton won te qate is trtagued by a puise,
poslttie or negattve slgral
t Trac ls eguvalert to to sCRs Conected in aieverse
parallel otárgemont wth gdes (onrectes to eCh othor.
# DHelance betueen sCR ard triae :
to tfouw on
oCR ls undtiretioraJ deytce (allows Cunent
a
le tiac is a bi drectional devte
Ohe dlrecHon),
(allows CLhent to Haw on both dlrectrons )
# Modes of opertton of trHac :2:
Hode I
Hode
MT, 1s positive HT, Is poslthve
Gate is poslthve Gat is nag ative
mode 3= MOde t HE
HT, is negative H, s neqatt ve
Cade is postive oate is nogthe HTI
*Trlac app latons :
/ Ac pouer cortrolers 2/ fas Contollots, 8/ Header (orttol
4/ tlght dJmrars 5/ dimmer switeh
* d)mme swHch can gt te Uet wth an leD llqtt
Diac ( biode
a dlode tat
fy allematieg cunert )
1s Corcdns elecrial CukTct ony Her
Is aada bba kover vollego Veo
mac qatc ls Connectl to a dlac to irake surc hat
the te 1s the Game as th
voltage
Volkage in o
In
nglve
positive
ye
cuCLe
tservo mofos
t ConPOrnents ot sevo motos -
/D mofo B/ dosver
4/ Coptkttat 5/ plue (onNne 6/ potentioneher
SeNo moto Is ukd 4o8 appUations that neet
hah tokpue
+ENO hoo iput (tigh sped Low togUe )
* SeNo noto Oaput (ttigh toge) Lou ped)
t seNo ofod oerts Ngh speed ancl low taagLe into
hlgh t0g ue ad low sped.
twlrey (
yellow a slqral y red = pastije black = neqatile)
t DC moto
is an ele chial mdtoy that olreits drect Cunent
electial enaqy rto melhadal engy
V Held wrding a/ Anatye windgs 3/ pole Slpe
5/ Shatt
/ clockwke CoLuter clocklke pin
Loglc I for Clockwise
Loqie o foy (oune clockulse
C5/ Clock pln
r ked to inücase tho speal hted on yow appied cloctk
freguencles.
555 Hmet.
s
Hk an lntegiakd cilt chp Wsed in moy apllcacticns
Suth as Hncr deky , puke genctation ald oscilata.
0 appl icaions of 555 tmos
E. V BlinHng LED B/ y Hmer
4/ pulse wldth maduathon 5/ 4iegnly dlvislon.
S modes of opcsCution of 555 i gor
/ Astable (free
nunrg) m0ce
2) NonoStcble (one -Shot) hoce
3/ Bistable latch (ip-ttop) mok
* (omparator 2 Pin6
Vin o
H is the Tctlo betucen tho tme he wCe the
c ciult ls
on ard the total tlme
# he hiahur cuty cycle he hlgher to Votge Is.
a + Sin kig
LEDs On when pin 3 ls Low
LED Is on Lhen pln a ts hgh
+V
Lod
* Hans lstot diver -
snking- pln 3 w
La
