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A卷
中国石油大学（北京）2023—2024 学年第二学期
《FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA》
（闭卷考试）
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第 1 页 / 共 13 页
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题号 一 二 三 四 总分
得分
（试卷不得拆开，所有答案均写在题后相应位置）
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1. Fill in the blanks (20 points, 2 point for each)
(1) If we know the information at two points in the reservoir, we need to
evaluate pressure to determine the flow direction, in which
is assumed to be very small so that it can be neglected.
(2) Equation of state for oil in the mathematical model of flow in the reservoir
describes the relationships among , , and temperature.
(3) The steady state well testing shows the relationship between
and the pressure drop. The slope of the steady state well testing curve is called
, which is used to evaluate the production potential of a well.
(4) In the linear flow, the pressure distribution shows that the pressure value
follows a relationship along x direction; In the radial flow, the pressure
distribution shows that the pressure value follows a relationship along the
radial direction.
(5) When the well can be regarded as a point in the infinite reservoir, the
tonguing phenomenon can occur in the one-point- and one-point-
problem. It indicates that the flow in along the main streamlines is much faster
than the others.
2. Define the following terminologies (20 points, 5 points for each)
You can either describe it by using words or define it by writing equation with
the explanation of the corresponding notation.
(1) Pseudo-steady state flow
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(2) Principle of mirror image
(3) Cone of pressure depression
(4) Non-piston-like oil displacement
3. Discuss the following questions briefly (20 points, 5 points for each)
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(1) Show the results of the mirror images.
Pe 60
a）
（ b）
(2) Plot the stream lines and equi-potential lines for radial flow
Pe
Pe
（ d）
(3) Plot the water saturation curve in the case of non-piston-like displacement,
and show where the irreducible water saturation Swr and flood front saturation Swf are.
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(4) What are the inner or outer boundary conditions for this flow problem.
4. Derive the following equations (40 points, 10 points for each)
(1) The flow regime is the single-phase steady state flow. If the x- axis is a fault
boundary and the y-axis is the supply boundary, well A is located in a horizontal,
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homogeneous reservoir with uniform thickness, as shown in the figure. The distance
between the well A and fault boundary is a, the distance between well A and the
supply boundary is √ 3a, the permeability is K, the viscosity is μ, the thickness is h, the
well radius is Rw, the well A is producing oil with a constant production rate Q.
bottom hole pressure for two wells are both Pw.
a. Please write out the mathematical model for the flow system (in x-y
coordinate). (4 points)
b. Please derive the bottomhole pressure Pw for well A. (4 points)
c. Please determine the velocity direction at the location B. (2 points)
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(2) For the single phase steady state radial flow, the permeability distribution is
shown in the figure with K1in the outer zone and K2 in the inner zone. The thickness
is h , the viscosity is μ, the outer boundary is associated with a fixed pressure Pe and
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its radius is Re . The radius of wellbore is Rw , the bottom hole pressure is Pw , the
radius for the permeability zones interface is R1 :
a. Derive the mathematical expression of production rate Q (6 points)
Re
b. Draw the shapes of the pressure depression cones
for K1=K2 and K1>K2 (4 points).
Pw
Rw
R1
Pe K1
K2
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(3) Conduct a 1D oil displacement experiment in a horizontal, homogeneous,
uniformly thick reservoir, as shown in the figure. The oil viscosity is μo ， water
viscosity is μw，porosity isφ，reservoir thickness is h，reservoir length is L，the cross
sectional area is A, the injection rate is Q, the initial interface of water and oil is at
x0 ， the front is located at xf, the connate water saturation is Swr. If the gravity and
capillary effect can be ignored, and the fluid and rock are both incompressible,
a. Please derive the average saturation equation BEFORE water breakthrough
（6 points）
b. Show how to use graphical method to get (4 points).
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(4) The reservoir is under the homogeneous and horizontal conditions with the
uniform thickness. The flow regime is the single phase transient flow problem. The
compressibility for the crude oil is Co, and the compressibility for rock is Cf , the initial
reservoir pressure is Pi, the permeability is K, the viscosity is μ, the porosity is φ, the
thickness is h, the pressure on the supply boundary is Pe, the well radius is Rw. There
are two wells in the reservoir, the first well starts to produce oil with the production
rate Q1 , and it starts from t=0. After production time t1, the second well starts to
produce oil, and the distance between the two wells are a.
a. Write out the expression for hydraulic diffusivity η and the total
compressibility Ct. (4 points)
b. Derive the bottom hole pressure for the first well, Pw1, after the second well
has been producing oil with the production time t2 . (6 points)
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