UNIT 4: HOLIDAYS AND TOURISM

VOCABULARY
- Aborigine Ạaebahidgmi/ (n): người bản xứ, người bản địa
- Aborigine (n): người bản địa châu úc trước khi có người châu Âu đến định cư
- Accommodate /a'knmodeit/ (v): cung cấp chỗ (chỗ ở, không gian, V.. .V...)
Example: The hotel can only accommodate 200 people.
(Khách sạn chỉ cung cấp chỗ ở đủ cho 200 người mà thôi.)
- Arise /a'raiz/ (arose - arisen) (v): xảy ra; phát sinh
Example: It would be best to deal with these issues at once, before a crisis arises.
(Tốt nhất chúng ta giải quyết những van đề này ngay lập tức trước khi cuộc khủng hoảng xảy ra.)
- Backpack /'baek.pask/ (v): đi du lịch ba-lô (mang theo tất cả hành trang trong một chiếc ba-lô)
Example: They backpacked across several counưies for three weeks, couch-surfing in people’s homes.
(Họ đi du lịch kiểu ba-lô qua dăm ba nước, ngủ nhờ nhà người ta.)
- Backpacking /'baek paek.n)/ (n): chuyến du lịch ba-lô
- Camper van /'kaem.po .vsen/ (n): xe được thiết kế như nhà ở để đi du lịch
- Caravan /'kaer.a.vaen/ (n); xe kiểu nhà di động (thiết kế đủ tiện nghi để đi xa hoặc du lịch)
- Caravan site, park /'kaer.a.vaen ,sait ,pu:k/ (n): bãi đậu cho xe kiểu nhà di động
- City break /■siti ‘breik/: kỳ nghỉ ngắn trong thành phố (= a short city vacation)
- Couch-surf /'kaotf,S3:f7 (v): ở nhờ hoặc “ngủ nhờ”; đi du lịch “ngủ nhờ”
Example: Khang is going to the city where he plans to couch-surf with friends until he finds jobs.
(Khang đi đến thành phố nơi anh ấy dự định ở nhờ bạn bè cho tới khi tìm được việc làm.)
- Couch-surfing /'kaotf ,s3:fir)/ (n): du lịch theo kiểu “ngủ nhờ”
- Cruise /kru:z/ (n): cuộc đi chơi biển bằng tàu thủy
- Deodorant /di: 'aơdoront/ (n): chất khử mùi
- Dingy /'dmdji/ (adj): tối tăm và dơ bẩn
Example: Their flat looked very old and dingy, the lights too dim and the ceiling too low.
(Căn hộ của họ trông rất cũ và tối tăm bẩn thỉu, đèn thì quả mờ và trần thì quá thấp.)
- Globetrotter /'glaơbtrota/ (n): người đi du lịch khắp thế giới
- Harsh /hu:J7 (adj): khắc nghiệt; quá nghiêm khắc
Example: Many people think the punishment is rather harsh for such a minor offence.
(Nhiều người cho rằng hình phạt hơi khắc nghiệt đối với một vi phạm nhỏ như thế.)
- House swap /haos swop/ (n): sự hoán đổi nhà tạm thòi
- Inaccessible /.mok'sesobol/ (adj): khó tiếp cận được
- Intricate /'intrikat/ (adj): rắc rối, phức tạp
- Package holiday /pakid3'holadei/ (n): kỳ nghỉ trọn gói
- Pamper /'piEmpo(r)/ (v): nuông chiều
- Self-catering apartment /.self 'keitorirj 9'pa:tmont/(n): căn hộ tự phục vụ
Example: The self-catering apartments are usually reservedfor postgraduate students.
(Những căn hộ tự phục vụ thường dành riêng cho những sinh viên chương trình sau đại học.)
- Swap /swop/ (v): trao đổi (= exchange)
Examples: They intend to swap houses during the children’s summer vacation.
(Họ dự định trao đôi nhà trong kỳ nghỉ hè của bọn trẻ.)
- Time-share apartment: căn hộ nghỉ dưỡng chia sẻ thời gian thuê
- Tread /tred/ (trod - trodden) (v): giẫm chân; đi bộ
Example: The man came down the stairs, treading as heavily as he could.
(Gã đàn ông bước xuống cầu thang, giẫm mạnh chân hết sức bình sinh.)
- Unique/ju:'ni:k/(adj): duy nhất, độc đáo
Example: Each person's genetic code is unique except in the case of identical twins.
(Mỗi mã gen đều khác nhau ngoại trừ những cặp sinh đôi hoàn toàn giống nhau)
- Unspoilt /An'spoilt/ (adj): (thức ăn) không hư ; (trẻ con) không bị hư hỏng (= unspoiled)
- Vibrant /'vaibront/ (adj): đầy sức sống; sinh động; (màu sắc) rực rỡ
Example: Rio de Janeiro is a vibrant city, famous for its colorful Carnival celebrations and pulsating
nightlife.
(Rio de Janeiro là một thành phố sinh động, nổi tiếng với các lễ hội đường phổ đầy màu sắc và cuộc sổng
náo nhiệt về đêm.)

PHRASES TO REMEMBER:
1. Be dissatisfied with : không hài lòng với (= be displeased with)
2. Broaden/ widen/ expand one’s horizons: mở rộng tầm nhìn, kiến thức của ai
3. Call for the assistance : cần sự trợ giúp
4. Eat out (in a restaurant) : đi ăn ngoài (ăn nhà hàng)
5. Ket a discount : nhận được giảm giá
6. Keep traditions alive : giữ lại truyền thống
7. learn about other cultures : học hỏi về nhũng nền văn hóa khác nhau : kiếm lãi; có lãi
8. Make profits/ a profit:

9. off the beaten track/ path : xa xôi, hẻo lánh, ít người qua lại (= remote)
10. Promote international understanding: làm tăng thêm sự hiểu biết thế giới bên ngoài
11. Recharge one’s batteries : lấy lại năng lượng
12. Run out of (time/ energy) : cạn kiệt, dùng hết
13. Sleep rough/ live rough: ngủ hoặc ở ngoài đường; ngủ “bụi” hoặc ở “bụi”
14. Soak up the sun : tắm nắng
15. Take it easy : thư giãn, bình tâm
16. Travel light : du lịch với hành lí gọn nhẹ tối thiểu
17. That may be true to some extent: điều đó có thể đúng trong một phạm vi nào đấy
18. Be appealing to sb : hấp dẫn đối với ai
19. Take notice of st/ sb : chú ý đến, quan tâm đến
20. Provide/ supply sb with st : cung cấp cho ai cái gì
21. Provide st for/ to sb = supply st to sb: cung cấp cái gì cho ai
WORD FORM:
STT Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
1 - access: tiếp - access /'aekses/: -accessible: có thể tiếp - accessibly
cận, sự truy cập sự tiếp cận cận được, dễ gần (tính - inaccessibly
(tin học) - accessibility: tính cách người)
có thể tới gần được -inaccessible: không thể
tiếp cận
2 - assist: giúp đỡ - assistant: trợ lý
- assistance: sự
giúp đỡ
3 commercialize: - - commercial: thuộc về - commercially: về mặt
thưong mại hóa commercialization: thương mại thương mại
4 - comfort: dỗ -sựcomfort: sự anhóa
thưong mại ủi, - comfortably: một cách
- comfortable: thoải mái
dành, an ủi người an ủi, sự thoải mái
- uncomfortable: không
thoải mái
thoải mái
- comforting: có thể an
v ủi, khuyên giải
 5 - inconvenience: - convenience: sự - conveniently:
làm phiền, quấy tiện lợi - convenient: tiện lợi một cách tiện
rầy - inconvenience: sự - inconvenient: bất lợi
bất tiện tiện - inconvenientl
6 - geology: khoa địa - geological: thuộc về - geologically:
chất học, địa chất địa chất về mặt địa chất
học
- geologist: nhà địa
7 - hospitability: sự - hospitably
hiếu khách, dịch vụ - hospitable; mến
(ăn, uống) khách, hiếu khách
8 - inhabit: cư ngụ - inhabitant: cư dân - inhabited: có người
- inhabitance: sự cư ở
trú - inhabitable: có thể
9 - observe: quan - observation: sự - observable: có thể - observably:
sát quan sát quan sát được, dễ một cách rõ
- observatory: đài thấy, đáng chú ý rang, một cách
thiên văn, đài quan - observant: tinh mắt, đáng chú ý
sát tinh ý
- observational:
thuộc về quan sát
10 - satisfy: làm hài - satisfaction: sự hài (observational skill) - satisfactorily
- satisfactory: thỏa
lòng; làm thỏa lòng mãn
mãn - satisfied: được hài
lòng
- dissatisfied: bất
VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Exercise 1:
Complete the sentences using the words or phrases in the box.There are more words than need
caravan park package holiday backpacking accommodate
tread globetrotter uninhabited intricate
couch surfing house swap pampered unspoilt

1. He sent an email from Vietnam, where he is currently__________________.

2. The farmers use an_____________________system of drainage canals.
3. We believe that buying a________________is very important for many people.
4. She____________herself at the end of the day with a long hot bath.
5. The island was used to_____________child refugees.
6. He took time out from his job as a production assistant to go____________around the world.
7. That young man has been a__________and has visited nearly 13 countries.
8. Visitors are catered for by hotels, guest houses and a large____________.
9. They set up camp on the_______________island; and started a barbecue.
10. There are very few new buildings so the village is largely____________.

Exercise 2:
Complete each sentence using the correct form of the words or phrases in the box.
run out of dissatisfy with appealing to travel light
provide off the beaten track soak up the Sun sleep rough
broaden your horizons recharge my batteries

1. Brightly coloured packaging made the pens especially__________children.

 2. If you're________the service, why don't you complain to the hotel manager?
3. The university should______________more facilities for disabled students.
4. I’m going to spend a week in the mountains to_______________________.
5. We don't have much space in the car so please_______________ if you can.
6. Travelling certainly ____________________________________________
7. Many people would like to relax in the garden and____________________.
8. The farmhouse we stayed in was completely_________________________.
9. We saw several youngsters__________________ near the city's bus station.
10. There are only three months to go before the election and frankly we're_____________ time

Exercise 3:
Choose the word which is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following
questions.
1.The room told me nothing just a bare, impersonal space in a cheap, dingy hotel.
A. modem B. dilapidated C. accessible D. new
2.We had to face up to the harsh realities of life sooner or later.
A. severe B. comfortable C. unspoilt D. vibrant
3.It's important to pay attention to the details in order to understand the full picture.
A. ignore B. forget C. look after D. take notice of
4.The victims of the disaster called for the assistance from the government and international
organizations.
A. looked up B. called off C. appealed for D. looked after
5.Investors hope to make substantial profits from their investments in the stock market.
A. pick B. earn C. take D. do
Exercise 4:
Choose the word which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word in each of the following
sentences.
1. These mountain villages are completely accessible in winter.
A. unaccessible B. inaccessible C. uninhabited D. unique
2. This is your chance to own a common piece of jewellery.
A. ordinary B. usual C. familiar D. unique
3. We'll definitely get a table at that restaurant although it's really off the beaten path.
A. well-marked and easy to find B. difficult to find C. distant D. inaccessible
4. The idea of not having to get up early every morning is rather appealing to me
A. vibrant B. dissatisfied C. unattractive D. interesting
5. If you are dissatisfied with our service, please contact our customer service department.
A. contented B. interested C. excited D. worried
Exercise 5:
Pronunciation
c. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others:
1.A. access B. assist C. appeal D. caravan
2. A. appeal B. tread C. deal D. dream
3. A. threaten B. thought C. thankful D. though
4. A. provides B. treads C. assists D. pampers
5. A. makes B. washes C. houses D. recharges

d. Which of the words in each group is stressed on the different syllable from the others?
1. A. backpack B. caravan C. catering D. unique
 2. A. unspoilt B. broaden C. assist D. appeal
3. A. comfortable B. assistance C. accessible D geologist
4. A. threaten B. culture C. recharge D. pamper
5. A. hospitality B. inaccessible C. commercially D.
Exercise 6: inconvenient
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word given in the parentheses.
1. Cats should always have______________to fresh, clean water, (accessible)
2. You will be employed to _________________in the development of new equipment, (assistant)
3. Much of the land around this area is_____________farmed, (commerce)
4. When driving, make sure you are seated in a__________position, (comfort)
5. Each house for sale is_________listed by location and price, (convenience)
6. The reviews form a good starting-point for further reading, and every_____will find matter of
interest in them, (geology)
7. The atmosphere and__________of the Orkneys made a great impression on all our crews,
(hospitable)
8. The woods are _______________________by many wild animals, (inhabit)
9. The mobile phone has enhanced the social skill life of the campus, (observe)
10 .I tried on dozens of wedding dresses before I found one that_____________ me. (satisfaction)
11. Computers should be made readily_________to teachers and pupils, (access)
12. He________________provided me with blankets and pillows, (hospitable)
13. Budget cuts in bus and train services will greatly____________commuters. (convenient)
14. The largest airports are located in densely populated areas and their environments are becoming less
and less__________ . (inhabit)
15. The drug won't be____________available until it has been thoroughly tested, (commerce)
GRAMMAR
1. Revision: Future continuous, Future perfect, Future perfect continuous
2. Revision: Future time clauses
3. Revision: Second Conditional with “IP’, “Wish”, “If only”
4. Subjunctive mood (Hình thức khác thuo'ng của động từ)

1. Revision: Future continuous, Future perfect, Future perfect

continuous
(Ôn tập thì Tương lai tiếp diễn, Tương lai hoàn thành và Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
1.1. Future continuous: Thì tương lai tiếp diễn có hình thức cơ bản: “Will/ Shall + be + Verb-ing”.
“Will” thường được dùng cho tất cả chủ ngữ; “Shall” chỉ dùng cho chủ ngữ “I/ We” và hiếm khi được
dùng.
1.1.1. Chúng ta ôn lại hình thức thì tương lai tiếp diễn qua ba thể khẳng định (affirmative), phủ định
(negative) và câu hỏi hoặc nghi vân (question or interrogative).
- Affirmative: On Saturday next week, we will be sitting on the beach. Negative: On Saturday
next week, I won ’t be working in my office.
- Question: What will you be doing on Saturday next week? Will you be travelling anywhere?
1.1.2. Chúng ta dùng thì tương lai tiếp diễn để nói về một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm
trong tương lai. Ví dụ:
- At 9:00 tomorrow, I’ll be shopping with my mother in the mall.
- My cousins will be travelling around the world in April.
- Try to call before 6:00pm. After that, we’ll be watching the match.
- You can visit US during the first week of June. I won't be working then.
1.1.3. Chúng ta dùng thì tương lai tiếp diễn để nói một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra so với một hành động
khác cũng xảy ra trong tương lai. Chúng ta thường dùng các từ nối (Conjunctions): “when, while, the
 moment, etc.” để kết nối hai mệnh đề. Chú ý: chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn (Present simple) hoặc hiện
tại tiếp diễn (Present continuous) cho hành động trong mệnh đề theo sau các từ nối trên. Ví dụ:
- Brenda will be staying with her parents for several months while her mother is in recovery.
- Tomorrow Jeff will be sitting in the café while his wife is having her hair done in the shop
nearby.
- She won’t be checking her email while she is on holiday.
- When the clock strikes twelve at midnight, we will be drinking champagne. We 'll be having
dinner when the film starts.
1.1.4. Thì tương lai tiếp diễn cũng thường được dùng để nói về một hành động gần như chắc chắn sẽ
xảy ra trong tương lai. Ví dụ:
- Everyone will be cheering for me at the game tomorrow.
- Peter will be starting work earlier with his new job.
- You ’ll be studying much harder in the second semester.
- They will be holding a party to celebrate their wedding anniversary.
1.2. Future perfect simple: Thì tương lai hoàn thành đon có hình thức cơ bản: “Will/ Shall + have +
past participle”. “Will” thường được dùng cho tất cả chủ ngữ; “Shall” chỉ dùng cho chủ ngữ “I/ We” và
hiếm khi được dùng.
1.2.1. Chúng ta ôn lại hình thức thì tương lai hoàn thành đon qua ba thể khẳng định (affirmative), phủ
định (negative) và câu hói hoặc nghi vấn (question or interrogative), như sau:
- Affirmative: “Subject + will/ shall + have + p.p.”
- By then she will have forgotten everything.
- Negative: “Subject + will/ shall + not + have + p.p.” or: “S + won’t/ shan’t + have + p.p.”
- They will not/ won’t have left the town by that time.
- Question: “Will/ Shall + Subject + have + p.p.?”
- What will you have done by the end of the year?
- Will you have finished the project by that time?
1.2.2. Thì tương lai hoàn thành đon thưòng được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn thành (hoặc
không hoàn thành) trước một thời điểm trong tương lai. Chúng ta thường dùng cụm thời gian: “by then, by
that time, by + (time), etc.”. Ví dụ:
- You can call me at work after 8:00 am. I will have arrived at the office by 8:00 am.
- They ’re trying to work overtime.
- I’m sure they ’ll have finished the project by Saturday.
- They won ’t have had their dinner by that time.
- They won’t be home before 6 o ’clock.
1.2.3. Thì tương lai hoàn thành đơn thường được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ hoàn thành hoặc
(không hoàn thành) trước một hành động khác trong tương lai. Chú ý: chúng ta thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn
(Present simple) cho hành động tương lai trong mệnh đề theo sau các liên từ: “when, by the time, etc.”. Ví
dụ:
- Flora will have finished cooking dinner when her husband gets home from work.
- They won 7 have repaired the house by the time winter comes.
- The kids will have done their homework when their mother sets the table.
- The train will leave the station at 9:00 am. You will arrive at the station at 9:15 am.
- When you arrive, the train will have left.
1.2.4. Thì tương lai hoàn thành đơn cũng được dùng để diễn tả một hành động sẽ kéo dài trong bao lâu
(for how long) trước một thời điểm trong tương lai. Ví dụ:
- By the end of May, I’ll have studied at this school for three years.
- My family will have lived in this city for 20 years next month.
- I’m sure Minh and Lan will be exhausted when they arrive.
- They won’t have slept for 24 hours!
- At the end of this month, my parents will have been married for 30 years. 1.3. Future perfect
continuous: Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn có hình thức cơ bản: “Will/ Shall + have been + Verb-ing”.
“Will” thường được dùng cho tất cả chủ ngữ; “Shall” chỉ dùng cho chủ ngữ “I/ We” và hiếm khi được dùng.
1.3.1. Chúng ta ôn lại hình thức thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn qua ba thể khẳng định (affirmative), phủ
định (negative) và câu hỏi hoặc nghi vấn (question or interrogative), như sau:
- Affirmative: “Subject + will/ shall + have been + Verb-ing.”
- By then they will have been driving for six hours.
- Negative: “Subject + will/ shall + not + have been + Verb-ing” or: “S + won’t/ shan’t + have been +
Verb ing”
- We will not/ won’t have been working for a long time then.
- Question: “Will/ Shall + Subject + have been + Verb-ing?”
- How long will you have been writing this book next month? Will you have been writing it for a
year by then?
1.3.1. Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng để nói về một hành động sẽ xảy ra liên tục được
bao lâu (for how long) trước một thời điểm trong tương lai. Chúng ta có thể dùng thêm cụm từ thời gian
với “for + Time”. Ví dụ:
- By the end of this month, I’ll have been staying at my aunt’s house for a year.
- By next week, they ’ll have been working on the bridge for nine months.
- In August my English teacher will have been teaching at this school for 10years.
- How long will you have been studying English by the end of this course?

2. Revision: Future time clauses

(Mệnh đề thời gian tương lai)
2.1. Mệnh đề thời gian tương lai là gì? Là những mệnh đề diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra kết hợp
với mệnh đề chính (main clause) nói về hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Mệnh đề thời gian tương
lai thường theo sau các liên từ (Conjunctions): “when, as, while, as soon as, until, before, after, the
moment, by the time, once, etc.”. Ví dụ:
- I ’ll call you as soon as I arrive there.
(Main clause: I’ll call you; Time clause: as soon as I arrive there.)
- When you get off the train, we ’ll be waiting for you on the platform.
(Time clause: When you get off the train; Main clause: we ’ll be waiting for you on the
platform.)
- She ’ll have cleaned the room before we come.
(Main clause: She ’ll have cleaned the room; Time clause: before we come.)
2.2. Các thì dùng với mệnh đề thời gian tương lai: Mặc dầu mệnh đề thời gian tương lai diên tả một
hành động chưa xảy ra, nhưng chúng ta không dùng thì tương lai (Future tenses) với loại mệnh đề này.
Những thì thường được dùng với mệnh đề thời gian tương lai gồm có: thì hiện tại đơn (Present simple),
thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present continuous) và thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect). Ví dụ:
- I ’ll phone you while you are having lunch tomorrow.
(Time clause: while you are having lunch tomorrow => Present continuous)
- She ’ll talk to him about the problem the moment he returns home.
(Time clause: the moment he returns home => Present simple)
- I’ll try to look for a job in the city when I have graduated from university.
(Time clause: when I have graduated from university => Present perfect)
- Brian won’t go home until he finishes the work.
(Time clause: until he finishes the work => Present simple)
3. Revision: Second and Third Conditionals with “If’; “Wish”
and “If only”
(Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 với “If’; “Wish” và “If only”)
3.1. Second conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để diễn tả sự việc không có thật hoặc
không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại. Ý nghĩa câu nói chỉ là tưởng tượng hoặc giả định. Ví dụ:
- Ifl had a wish, I would wish for the peace of the world.
(In reality: I don’t have a wish, so I can’t wish for the peace of the world.)
- If Peter weren’t too short, he would be chosen for the school basketball team.
(In reality: Peter is not tall enough to be chosen for the school basketball team.)
3.1.1. Cách dùng thì trong câu điều kiện loại hai: Khi nói về tình huống giả định trong hiện tại, chúng ta
dùng thì quá khứ với mệnh đê “If’, theo câu trúc cơ bản:
“If + Subject + Past simple, Subject + would/ could/ might (do)” Ví dụ:
- If the world were flat, people would travel to the edge of it.
(Chú ý: Trong câu giả định, “were ” thường được dùng cho tất cả chủ ngữ; tuy nhiên, người ta
cũng cổ thể dùng “was’ thay vì “were ” nhất là trong văn nói.)
- They wouldn ’t come back if they didn’t have a serious problem.
(In reality: They have a serious problem, so they ’ll come back.)
- What would you do if you were attacked by a robber in the street?
(Of course, this is only an imagined situation.)
- He could succeed in the competition if he trained harder.
(But he doesn ’t train hard and he has no chance to succeed.)
3.2. Third conditional sentences: Câu điều kiện loại 3 được dùng để diễn tả sự việc không có thật hoặc
không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ý nghĩa câu nói chỉ là tưởng tượng hoặc giả định về một tình huống trong
quá khứ. Ví dụ:
- If Karen had gone to the medical school, she would have become a doctor.
(Karen is not a doctor now because she did not go to the medical school.)
- There would have been a terrible accident if the driver hadn ’t been very careful.
(Fortunately, there was no accident thanks to the driver’s carefulness.)
- If she had become a professional singer, she would have recorded a CD.
(She did not become a professional singer, so she didn’t record any CD.)
3.2.1. Cách dùng thì trong câu điều kiện loại 3: Khi nói về tình huống giả định trong quá khứ, chúng ta
dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) với mệnh đê “If’, theo cấu trúc cơ bản:
“If + Subject + Past perfect, Subject + would/ could/ might + have + p.p.”
Ví dụ:
- She would have fallen if you had not caught her.
(She didn’t fall because you caught her.)
- If it had been warmer yesterday, we would have gone swimming.
(But it was cold, so we didn’t go swimming.)
- If their father hadn’t worked so hard, his health wouldn ’t have become worse.
(Their father’s health became worse because he had worked very hard.)
- If you had turned down the volume of your stereo, the neighbours wouldn’t have complained.
(Your neigbours complained because you played the music loudly.)
3.3. Conditional mixed.types: Trong một ít trường hợp, chúng ta có thể dùng loại “câu điều kiện pha
trộn” (Mixed type), có nghĩa là pha trộn câu điều kiện loại 2 với cầu điều kiện loại 3, hoặc ngược lại.
Câu điều kiện pha trộn gồm hai loại lihư sau.
3.3.1. Nguyên nhân là hành động đã xảy ra hoặc đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ket quả là hành động
xảy ra hoặc không xảy ra trong hiện tại. Vì vậy, chúng ta giả định tình huống quá khứ trong mệnh đề “If
’ bằng thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect), và giả định kết quả trong hiện tại trong mệnh đề chính bằng
“Would/ Could (do)”. Tóm tắt cấu trúc hai mệnh đề như sau:
“If-clause: Subject + past perfect, Main clause: Subject + would/ could (do)” Ví dụ:
(Situation: I went to bed early last night, so I don’t feel tired this morning.)
- If I had gone to bed late last night, I would/ could feel tired this morning.
(Situation: Dick didn ’tgo to university, so he has difficulty looking for a job now.)
 - If Dick had gone to university, he wouldn ’t have difficulty looking for a job now.
3.3.2. Nguyên nhân là hành động hay sự việc vẫn còn xảy ra trong hiện tại. Két quả là hành động hoặc
sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Vì vậy, chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn (Past simple) trong mệnh đề
“If’, và dùng “Would/ Could have + p.p.” trong mệnh đề chính. Tóm tắt cấu trúc hai mệnh đề như sau:
“Ư-clause: Subject + Past simple, Main clause: Subject + would/ could have + p.p.” Ví dụ:
(Situation: I don’t like fish, that’s why I didn’t eat fish last night.)
- If I liked fish, I would have eaten it last night.
(Situation: Stella doesn’t love swimming, so she didn’t go to the beach last week.)
- If Stella loved swimming, she would/ could have gone to the beach last week.
3.4. “Wish”/ “If only”: Chúng ta dùng động tò “Wish” theo sau bằng một mệnh đề để diễn tả một điều
ước muốn (“If only” cũng được dùng với ý nghĩa giống với “Wish”). Trong Tiếng Anh, ước muốn được xem
là “giả định” nên động từ trong mệnh đề theo sau không thể dùng theo thì thông thường mà phải “lùi thì”; có
nghĩa là chỉ dùng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành chứ không dùng thì hiện tại theo sau “Wish” và
“If only”. Ví dụ:
- I wish it were the summer.
(But now it is the winter. NOTE: we can use “was ” instead of “were ”.)
- They wish they had a house of their own.
(They don’t have a house of their own now.)
- If only we knew what to do!
(We are at a loss. We don’t know what to do now!)
- If only I hadn’t come to that party. It was awful!
(But I did come to it and now I regret having come.)
- Dave got low grade in the final test. He wishes he had studied much harder.
(He didn’t study hard enough, now he regrets not having done it.)
3.4.1. Wish for present or future situations: Khi dùng “Wish” hoặc “If only” cho một tình huống hiện tại
hoặc tương lai, chúng ta có cấu trúc dùng thì như sau: “Wish/ If only + Subject + past simple”. Ví dụ:
- I wish I lived close to my office. Then I could walk to work every day.
(I live so far away so I have to travel to work by motorbike.)
- Phuong is going to study in Paris for two years. She wishes she could speak fluent French.
(Now she can speak a little French but she thinks it’s not good enough to study in France.)
- If only it wouldn 7 rain during our holiday next week.
(We don’t know if it will rain or not, but this is our wish for the holiday next week.)
- Betty wishes more people would read her blog.
(Now only a few people are reading her blog, so she wishes it would change.)
3.4.2. Wish for past situations: Khi dùng “Wish” hoặc “If only” cho một tình huống quá khứ (đã xảy ra
hoặc đã không xảy ra), chúng ta có cấu trúc dùng thì như sau: “Wish/ If only + Subject + past perfect”. Ví
dụ:
- Brian wishes he had listened to his father’s advice.
(He didn’t listen to his father’s advice and he’s got into trouble now.)
- Sylvia wishes she hadn’t eaten so much chocolate last night!
(Now she’s feeling very sick, so she regrets having eaten so much.)
- I wish I had never told her the secret!
(I told her the secret and I regret it now.)
- If only we had left home earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the plane.
(We left home late so we missed the plane.)

4. Subjunctive mood
(Hình thức khác thường của động từ)
Trong một vài trường họp, động từ chính trong câu không được chia theo các thì theo cách thông
thường mà được dùng với hình thức khác thường (Base form: nguyên mẫu, hoặc Past tense: quá khứ).
 Những trường họp này thường xảy ra trong mệnh đề theo sau một số động từ hoặc tính từ đặc biệt.
Trong bài này, chúng ta chỉ tim hiếu cách dùng động từ “Base form” (giống động từ nguyên mẫu không
“To”) trong mệnh đề “That-clause” theo sau một số động từ và tính từ.
4.1. Subjunctive in That-clause following verbs: Chúng ta dùng hình thức động từ “Base form”
(giống như động từ nguyên mẫu không “To”) trong mệnh đề (That- clause) theo sau các động từ có ý
nghĩa: yêu cầu (ask, request, insist, etc.), đề nghị (suggest, propose, recommend, advise, etc.), đòi hỏi
hoặc ra lệnh (demand, command, order, urge, etc.). Ví dụ:
- She insisted that he leave immediately.
- I suggest that he come early next time.
- Her lawyer advised that she consult an accountant.
- The examiners demanded that all mobile phones be left outside the examination room.
- They recommended that the house be painted before November.
(Chú ý: Hĩnh thức bị động của Subjunctive là “be + p.p. ” như trong ví dụ trên.)
- People seriously proposed that we not allow this situation to continue.
- The doctor urged that she not eat any more fatty food.
(Chủ ỷ: Hình thức phủ định của “Subjunctive” là “not + base verb ” như trong ví dụ trên.)
4.1.1. Chú ý: Trong cách dùng thông dụng, chúng ta cũng có thể dùng những động từ trên theo các cấu
trúc thông thường thay vì dùng hình thức “Subjunctive”. Ví dụ:
- She insisted him/ his leaving immediately.
(= She insisted that he leave immediately.)
The doctor urged her not to eat any more fatty food.
(= The doctor urged that she not eat any more fatty food.)
- Her lawyer advised her to consult an accountant.
(= Her lawyer advised that she consult an accountant.)
4.2. Subjunctive in That-clause following “It is + Adjective + That-clause”: Chúng ta dùng hình thức
động từ “Base form” (giống như động từ nguyên mâu không “To”) trong mệnh đề (That- clause) theo sau
cách nói “It is + Adjective + That-clause” với một sô tính từ có ý nghĩa: quan trọng (important, crucial,
vital), cân thiêt (necessary, essential, urgent), bắt buộc (mandatory, obligatory, imperative), yêu câu
(required, advised, recommended, suggested, proposed). Ví dụ:
- It is important that the manager hand in his resignation as soon as possible.
- It is essential that we find a solution by Tuesday.
- It is required that every employee be more careful next time.
- It is necessary that your mother go for a regular check-up every month.
- It was mandatory that every participant turn off their mobile phones during the presentation.
- It was suggested that the conference not take place in June.
4.2.1. Chú ý: Đối với nhiều tính từ ở trên, chúng ta có thể dùng cách nói thông thường (không trang trọng)
“It is + Adj + for sb + to do sth”, thay vì dùng động từ “Subjunctive”. Ví dụ:
- It is important for the manager to hand in his resignation as soon as possible.
(= It is important that the manager hand in his resignation as soon as possible.)
- It is necessary for your mother to go for a regular check-up every month.
(= It is necessary that your mother go for a regular check-up every month.)
4.2.2. Chúng ta có thể dùng “Should (do)” thay vì dùng “Base form” trong mệnh đề “That-clause” theo sau
các động từ và các tính từ trên. Cách dùng “Should (do)” được cho là thông dụng trong Tiếng Anh của người
Anh (British English). Ví dụ:
- I suggest that he should come early next time.
- They recommended that the house should be painted before November.
- It is essential that we should find a solution by Tuesday.
 - It was suggested that the conference should not take place in June.

5. Subjunctive mood
(Hình thức khác thường của động từ)
Trong một vài trường họp, động từ chính trong câu không được chia theo các thì theo cách thông
thường mà được dùng với hình thức khác thường (Base form: nguyên mẫu, hoặc Past tense: quá khứ).
Những trường họp này thường xảy ra trong mệnh đề theo sau một số động từ hoặc tính từ đặc biệt.
Trong bài này, chúng ta chỉ tim hiếu cách dùng động từ “Base form” (giống động từ nguyên mẫu không
“To”) trong mệnh đề “That-clause” theo sau một số động từ và tính từ.
5.1. Subjunctive in That-clause following verbs: Chúng ta dùng hình thức động từ “Base form”
(giống như động từ nguyên mẫu không “To”) trong mệnh đề (That- clause) theo sau các động từ có ý
nghĩa: yêu cầu (ask, request, insist, etc.), đề nghị (suggest, propose, recommend, advise, etc.), đòi hỏi
hoặc ra lệnh (demand, command, order, urge, etc.). Ví dụ:
- She insisted that he leave immediately.
- I suggest that he come early next time.
- Her lawyer advised that she consult an accountant.
- The examiners demanded that all mobile phones be left outside the examination room.
- They recommended that the house be painted before November.
(Chú ý: Hĩnh thức bị động của Subjunctive là “be + p.p. ” như trong ví dụ trên.)
- People seriously proposed that we not allow this situation to continue.
-NThe doctor urged that she not eat any more fatty food.
(Chủ ỷ: Hình thức phủ định của “Subjunctive” là “not + base verb ” như trong ví dụ trên.)
5.1.1. Chú ý: Trong cách dùng thông dụng, chúng ta cũng có thể dùng những động từ trên theo các cấu
trúc thông thường thay vì dùng hình thức “Subjunctive”. Ví dụ:
- She insisted him/ his leaving immediately.
(= She insisted that he leave immediately.)
- The doctor urged her not to eat any more fatty food.
(= The doctor urged that she not eat any more fatty food.)
- Her lawyer advised her to consult an accountant.
(= Her lawyer advised that she consult an accountant.)
5.2. Subjunctive in That-clause following “It is + Adjective + That-clause”: Chúng ta dùng hình thức
động từ “Base form” (giống như động từ nguyên mâu không “To”) trong mệnh đề (That- clause) theo sau
cách nói “It is + Adjective + That-clause” với một sô tính từ có ý nghĩa: quan trọng (important, crucial,
vital), cân thiêt (necessary, essential, urgent), bắt buộc (mandatory, obligatory, imperative), yêu câu
(required, advised, recommended, suggested, proposed). Ví dụ:
- It is important that the manager hand in his resignation as soon as possible.
- It is essential that we find a solution by Tuesday.
- It is required that every employee be more careful next time.
- It is necessary that your mother go for a regular check-up every month.
- It was mandatory that every participant turn off their mobile phones during the presentation.
- It was suggested that the conference not take place in June.
5.2.1. Chú ý: Đối với nhiều tính từ ở trên, chúng ta có thể dùng cách nói thông thường (không trang trọng)
“It is + Adj + for sb + to do sth”, thay vì dùng động từ “Subjunctive”. Ví dụ:
- It is important for the manager to hand in his resignation as soon as possible.
(= It is important that the manager hand in his resignation as soon as possible.)
- It is necessary for your mother to go for a regular check-up every month.
 (= It is necessary that your mother go for a regular check-up every month.)
5.2.2. Chúng ta có thể dùng “Should (do)” thay vì dùng “Base form” trong mệnh đề “That-clause” theo sau
các động từ và các tính từ trên. Cách dùng “Should (do)” được cho là thông dụng trong Tiếng Anh của người
Anh (British English). Ví dụ:
- I suggest that he should come early next time.
- They recommended that the house should be painted before November.
- It is essential that we should find a solution by Tuesday.
- It was suggested that the conference should not take place in June.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES
Exercise 1:
Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with one word from the box. You can use each word
once only. The first one has been done for you.
u 7 ill will learnt be taking
have won’t finished having
1. By April next year, Mr. Lewis___have retired from work.
2. Come and find me when the film finishes. I'll be______a coffee in thecafé next door.
3. Jane is taking the day off on Tuesday. She_______be working then.
4. We'll have________some French by the time we come to Paris. We're starting classes next July.
5. Your table at the restaurant is at 6 p.m. I think you'll have________dinner by 9 p.m.
6. Take some keys with you. I'll probably be_________a walk when you get back.
7. Next week Ann and Bob will________been together for three years.
8. In their retirement, they'll________living in a small house in their home village.
Exercise 2:
Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with one word from the box. You can use each
word once only. The first one has been done for you.
be working passed waiting
won’t playing arrived finished
1. _________________ In three weeks' time I'll lying on the beach in Nha Trang. I can't wait!
1. Will your parents be________for you at the airport when you arrive?
2. Let's call Janet. She'll have________by now.
3. Emma has got a new job in Japan. She'll be______ in Tokyo from February.
4. Jill can't come to the surprise tomorrow evening. She won't have_________ work at that time.
5. My sister is having driving lessons! Hopefully, she'll have________her testby June.
6. I'm afraid I________be coming tonight. I have a meeting until late.
7. They're making a change for the concert tonight! Tan will be singing and Trang will
be__________the piano.
Exercise 3:
Complete the following dialogues with the correct tense of the verbs in parentheses, using the
future continuous or the future simple.
Sarah: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who is going to wash all of those? Mark: I promise
I_______________________(1.do) them when I get home from work.
Sarah: Thanks.
Mark: When you get home this evening, that mountain________(2. be gone) and nice stacks of
sparkling clean dishes_______________(3. sit) in the cabinets.
Peter: If you need to contact me next week, I_______________4. (stay) at the Sheraton Hotel.
Wendy: I___________(5. call) you if there are any problems.
Peter: This is the first time I have been away from the kids.
 Wendy: Don’t worry! They_______(6. be) fine.
Jessica: Just think, next week at this time I___________(7. lie) on the tropical beach in Bali drinking
coconut juice and eating mango!
Andy: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I__________(8. stress) out over this marketing project.
How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard?
Jessica: I’ll manage somehow.
Andy: You’re terrible! Can you take me with you?
Jessica: No. but I_____(9. send) you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand beach.
Andy: Great! That__________(10. make) me feel much better!
Lan: Where is Nam going to meet us?
Hung: He___________ (li. wait) for US when the train arrives. I’m sure he_______ (12. stand) on the
platform when we pull into the station.
Lan: And then what?
Hung: I think we___________(13. pick) Mai up at work and we_______(14. go) out to dinner together.
Exercise 4:
Choose the answer A, B, C or D that best completes each of the following sentences.
1. I___________the report by the time I leave the office.
A. will finish B. will be finishing
C. will be finished D. will have finished
2. I promise I__________call you back when I’ve finished work.
A. would B. might C. will D. could
3. By the time you arrive, I________something special and dinner will be on the table waiting for you.
A. will cook B. will have cooked
C. will be cooking D. will have cooking
4. We will return home before the Sun________.
A. sets B. will set C. will have set D. will be setting
5. When Trang gets off the plane, we_________for her at the airport.
A. will waiting B. will have waited
C. will be waiting D. are waiting
6. By the time the guests arrive, they___________the living room.
A. will decorate B. will have decorated
C. will be decorating D. will be decorated
7. _________we get to the stadium, the match will already have started.
A. As soon as B. Whenever
C. By the time D. Since
8. When we arrive in Hanoi, we need to rest because we_____about 900 km.
A. will drive B. will be driving
C. are driving D. will have driven
9. You can come at 9 am. By that time I_______finish my homework and we can go out.
A. will have finished B. will finish
C. will be finishing D. have finished
10. I’m sure when you phone Thu, he_________computer games. He plays computer games all day!
A. will play B. will have played
C. has played . D. will be playing
Exercise 5:
Complete the following interview with the correct tense of the verb in parentheses using the
present simple or the future simple. The first one has been done for you.
Susan: Can you tell US about your latest invention, professor?
 Professor: Not yet. It's not finished. I am going to make certain it works before I tell anyone about it.
Susan: But everyone is anxious to know about it, professor. Can't you tell us anything?
Professor: I'm sorry, but I can't at this time. As soon as it is____(0. be) ready, I__________ (1.
tell) you all about it.
Susan: Can you at least tell US how much more work you have to do?
Professor: I just have to run a few tests. I_________(2. hold) a press conference and answer all your
questions after I_________________(3. complete) the tests.
Susan: How long will it take you to run the tests?
Professor: Not long. I________(4. do) the first tests as soon as I_______(5. get) back to the lab. If all
goes well, I should be finished in a week or two.
Susan: So you__________(6. not/ give) US any information about your new invention until
you______(7.finish) all the tests?
Professor: I'm Sony, but I just can't. However, I will say this much. You_______(8. be) amazed when
you________________(9. learn) what my latest invention can do.
Susan: Is it true that you are going to retire soon, professor?
Professor: Yes. This invention will be my last. Once I________(10. introduce) it to the world, I am
going to retire and spend more time with my wife and children.
Exercise 6:
Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. You can add a comma
where necessary.
Example: I will have enough money, and I will buy that motorcycle.
When 1 have enough money, I will buy that motorcycle...
1. I will arrive at the airport, and I will send you a message.
As soon as_______________________________________________________
2. I’ll try to finish all the lessons and it will get dark.
I’ll try to finish all the lessons until________________________________
3. Raul will be washing the car and his wife will go to her yoga class.
While Raul____________________________________________________
4. Brenda will finish her gap year and she’ll start a Master’s in law.
After_____________________________________________________________
5. I will find the cutter and I will prune the branches off the tree.
As soon as____________________________________________________
6. We’ll pick Jane up at her apartment and we’ll go to the restaurant to have dinner.
After ____________________________________________________________
7. You will say that and you will regret it.
The moment_______________________________________________________
8. Sheila will come to the party and we’ll give her a big surprise.
When________________________________________________________
9. You’ll finish work at 5 pm and I’ll have fixed your car.
By the time________________________________________________________
10. They will be painting the house and in the meantime we’ll move into it.
While____________________________________________________________
Exercise 7:
Complete the blanks in the following passage with one of the verbs from the box. Use the correct tense
and form of the verbs: the present simple or the future simple. You can use each verb once only. The
first one has been done for you.
ctnrt o LU.L L end begin learn report
arrive be know have walk
In a short time, Professor Hopkins is going to hold a press conference to reveal his latest invention.
Although the professor has been tight-lipped about the project, there are many rumours about it. One rumour
says that the professor's invention is a new type of fuel while another says that it is some new form of
transportation. Once the conference starts_______________(1), everyone______________(2) the truth.
When Professor Hopkins________________(3) at the building, he_____________(4) straight to the
conference room. As soon as he__________________(5) here, the conference will start. Because of the
professor's international reputation, reporters from many nations all over the world are here anxiously
awaiting his arrival. People expect they (6)________________ numerous questions for him when the press
conference finally __________________(7). Many of them____________(8) live to their homelands via
satellite while the conference is in progress. Consequently, after the conference (9), people all over the
world____________(10) about Professor Hopkins' newest, and possibly greatest, invention.
Exercise 8:
Complete each of the following sentences by using the correct tense and form of the verb in
parentheses.
Example: He would call_______(call) her if he knew her phone number.
1. He___________(lose) everything if he invested in that business.
2. The dog__________(not/ attack) you if you had not teased him.
3. If we____________(not/ be) friends, I would be angry with you.
4. If you____________(phone) me yesterday, I could have waited for you.
5. She__________, (not/ get) promoted so quickly if she had not married the director’s son.
6. You would lose weight if you________(exercise) more and_________(eat) less.
7. If I were rich, I____________(help) the needy.
8. If you____________(proofread) your essay, you wouldn’t have made so many mistakes.
9. If you told him the truth, he__________(forgive ) you.
10 He___________(not/ meet) her if he hadn’t come to this city.
Exercise 9:
Read the situation ỉn the given sentence, then make a second or third conditional sentence with
“If’. You can change some words or add a comma where necessary.
Example: He doesn’t work hard enough, so he won’t get a promotion.
If he worked harder, he would get a promotion....
1. I don’t know where my old teacher lives, so I can’t go and see him.
If _________________________________________________________________
2. I didn’t come with you because you didn’t tell me yesterday.
If__________________________________________________________________
3. You decided to buy that used car last month, so you often have trouble with it now.
If__________________________________________________________________
4. Dave and Susan went to the same university, that’s why they got married.
If __________________________________________________________________
5. I don’t go to the party in this dress and everyone won’t laugh at me.
If __________________________________________________________________
6. She didn’t have enough money, so she didn’t take a taxi.
If __________________________________________________________________
7. Ted didn’t get a college degree, so he isn’t at a higher level in his career now.
If__________________________________________________________________
8. I came to that alumni gathering last week and I met many old buddies there.
If__________________________________________________________________
9. You let her get upset because you don’t care about her!
If__________________________________________________________________
 10. The patient died because he was not taken to hospital early.
If__________________________________________________________________
Exercise 10:
Complete each blank in the following passage using one verb from the box. Use the correct tense and
form of the verbs: the second or the third conditional. You can use each verb once only. The first one
has been done for you.
improve never/ become help stop make
introduce never/ start have try be
If the world's big problems had been addressed sooner, our lives____would have improved _________(1)
a long time ago. If I had any power, I_________(2) to stop the destruction of our planet and I__________(3)
the world a better place for all
people.
If I__________(4) a world leader, I would provide clean water for all countries. If all
countries_________(5) easy access to clean water, millions of children__________(6) dying from diseases
caused by the lack of clean water. If we don't do something about this issue soon, there will be lots of wars
and deaths because of the lack of water.
We also need to introduce laws to reduce pollution. If we had done this in the past, millions of species
_______________________________(7)_______ extinct, and global warming ___(8). If it were up to me,
I_________(9) very high taxes on fuel energy and at the same time I___________(10) big companies to
invest in clean energy. Unless we take measures now, it will be too late both for ourselves and our children.
Exercise 11:
Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of the verb in parentheses. If it is a
sentence in Subjunctive mood, use the verb in “Base form” instead of “Should (do)”. In some
sentences, you must use the passive voice of the verb.
Example: The nutritionist insisted that Julie _reduce____(reduce) her daily fat intake.
1. It is essential that Stanley______(read) the instructions carefully before assembling the bicycle.
2.Miss Kelly demanded that the heater________(repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
3. It is important to remember that Jack________(think) very differently from you. He may not agree
to the changes you have made in the organization of the company.
4.The monk suggested that the tourists________(not/ enter) the temple until they had removed their
shoes.
5. Kate asked that her father___________(attend) her graduation ceremony the following week.
6.Peter insisted that Tracy_____________ (invite) to the party; otherwise, he wouldn’t attend.
7.I think it is an interesting fact that Trung____________(come) from the town next to my
hometown.
8.The lady demanded that the lost child______________ (take) to the store’s information desk so his
parents could be paged.
9.The businessman tells US that his company_____________(control) a dozen businesses throughout
the country. I don’t know if that is true!
10.It is important that everyone__________(work) towards a solution to global warming before the
weather patterns of the world are disrupted irreparably.
SPEAKING
Choose the response A, B, c or D that best completes each of the following conversations.
1. Ellen is talking to her roommate, Daisy, about her last job interview.
- Ellen: “I didn’t get the job I wanted.” - Daisy: “____________”
A. Not at the moment. Thanks. B. Certainly not.
C. I’m sorry to hear that. D. Congratulations. You’re in luck!
2. Lam is invited to his teacher’s house to discuss a class matter.
 - Teacher: “Make yourself at home.” - Lam: “________________”
A. It doesn’t matter. B. That’s OK. Don’t worry!
C. You can come any time. D. It’s very kind of you. Thanks.
3. Jill is going to her hometown for the holiday. She is saying goodbye to her friend, Carol.
- Carol: “Please give my regards to your parents, Jill.”- Jill: “__“
A. Another time, perhaps. B. Certainly. Will do!
C. Why don’t we do that? D. You’re a big help.
4. A foreigner is asking Kien the way to the station.
- Foreigner: “Is it far to the station?”- Kien: “_________________ ”
A. Yes. It’s a pleasure. B. No, not very.
C. What’s the matter with you? D. I’m afraid you do.
5. Jack and Ted have just come back from the stadium.
- Jack: “Our team played badly!”- Ted: “________________________”
A. I couldn’t agree more! B. You’re fine.
C. I can say that again! D. Yes. That’s all right.
PRACTICE TEST 9
Mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from
that of the others.
Question 1. A. provided B. assisted C. treaded D. appealed
Question 2. A. dingy B. vibrant C. inhabit D. unique
Mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the word that is stressed on the different syllable from the others.
Question 3. A. promote B. discount C. beaten D. camping
Question 4. A. inhabitance B. commercialize C. aborigine D. convenience
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5. You are too late. By the time you reach the airport, your plane.
A. is taking off B. will take off
C. will have taken off D. will be taken off
Question 6. There are four seasons. Summer is one._are winter, fall, and spring.
A. Another B. The other C. Others D. The others
Question 7. This cold has lasted too long. I feel like I'll never get________it.
A. with B. over C. away D. back
Question 8. The boy was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He__________have fallen 300 meters.
A. needn’t B. must C. should D. mustn’t
Question 9. Nobody knows what you’re thinking,__________?
A. don’t you B. do you C. do they D. don’t they
Read the following advertisement/ announcement and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15
Upcoming Holiday Vacation Announcement
We're thrilled to announce that our school will be (10)_________a well-deserved break for the
upcoming holiday vacation! The holiday vacation will commence from 25th, May and will end on 25th, June.
During this time,
- Students can take a breather (11)__________their studies.
- Recharge their (12) ____________________
- And spend quality time with their families and loved ones . It’s an excellent opportunity to engage in
activities that promote relaxtion, creativity , and personal growth .
- Please note that while classes are not in session during the holiday vacation , our school ,
adminstration and support staff will be available to ( 13 ) __________________any urgent concens or
inquiries .
- We wish everyone a joyful and rejuvenating holiday vacation! Let’s return refreshed and ready to
tackle new challenges and opportunities together . Warm regards

Question 10. A. taken B. taking C. making D. made

Question 11. A. from B. on C. in D. away
Question 12. A. heat B. electricity C. liquid D. batteries
Question 13. A. have B. talk C . address D. show
Journey Through Cultural Wonders
Embark on a cultural exploration tour and discover (14)________world's
most enchanting destinations! From historic landmarks and vibrant markets to immersive cultural
experiences, this holiday adventure promises (15)_________________________your horizons and ignite
your sense of wonder. With expert guides and curated itineraries, you'll uncover the rich tapestry of global
heritage in unforgettable style. Join US on this extraordinary journey and make memories last a lifetime!
Question 14. A. a B. an C. no article D. the
Question 15. A. to broaden B. broaden C. broadening D. broadened
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful
paragraph in each of the following questions.
Question 16.
a. The parks and squares are very beautiful in spring and autumn and I remember that you are keen on
ancient architecture, so I think you'll enjoy walking along the old parts of our city.
b. There is a lot of sightseeing in our area such as amusement parks, theatres and museums with modem
exhibitions. I think you'll find a lot to do.
c. I haven't seen you for a long time and I would like to make friends with your classmates very much. d. If
the main question is when to come, I think the best answer is in May or in September because it's not
very hot but not cold too.
e. I'm really looking forward to seeing you. Love,
A. a-b-d-c-e B. c-d-a-b-e C. b-a-c-d-e D. c-a-d-b-e
Question 17.
a. Nowadays, technologies have been advanced, and many vibrant locations have been unexplored on the
internet by advertisements.
b. That’s the reason why many people around the world fall in love with this country and desire to travel to
Korea.
c. To begin with, in the 20th-century humanity had fewer opportunities to go abroad, so citizens spent their
time at local places because of their low income.
d. Travelling is one of the most essential pastimes of human beings.
e. For instance, it is obvious that South Korea is popular for its culture called K- pop.
A. a-b-d-c-e B. c-d-a-b-e C. b-a-c-d-e D. d-c-a-e-b
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the sentence that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to
23.
Have you ever been cycling? This spring, my older brother and I left the busy city and spent a long
weekend
(18)_______________. Our average speed was only around 14 kph, but that didn't matter. We hadn't
come to break any speed records, or to get fit and healthy. _____________(19)was some fresh air and a
break froms chool work. My bike only once went more than 30 kph, and that was when I raced my brother
down the only hill on our route.
We really enjoyed cycling along flat, traffic-free country paths. There was plenty of spring sunshine, but
it was quite cold, especially in the mornings. We didn't mind, though and we soon warmed up as we rode
along. Our only problem was when my brakes started making a terrible noise. But I didn't mind as it gave
US an excuse to visit a café (20)____________.That was one of the best things about our route: every few
kilometres there was a village (21)_ we needed. All the local people were really friendly, too. However,
most places we stopped at served chips with all the meals, which soon got fairly boring.
One night we were woken at 4 a.m. by a group of rugby fans (22)____________loudly in the hotel
corridor. We were tired and bad-tempered when we set off the next morning and very nearly got lost, but
soon felt more cheerful when the sun came out. That's what I like about cycling - it's simple and it's fun. If
you're (23)__________a short break that's active and cheap, then cycling is a great choice!
Question 18. A. cycle in the countryside B. cycled in the countryside
C. to cycle in the countryside D. cycling in the countryside
Question 19. A. All we wanted B. All what we wanted
C. This we wanted D. We wanted
Question 20. A. after a helpful bike mechanic had a look at it.
B. while we were riding it.
C. while a helpful bike mechanic had a look at it.
D. before a helpful bike mechanic had a look at it.
Question 21. A. we could find everything
B. where we could find everything
C.which we could find everything
D. that we could find everything
Question 22. A. singing B. sung C. singed D. to sing
Question 23. A. looking after B. looking at C. looking up D. looking for

Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.
As air travel becomes (24)______________popular, simply getting to the airport can be a challenging
and unpleasant(25)___________. You pay a fortune to park your car, then you have to walk for hours with
heavy suitcases to arrive at the terminal. Well, a farmer from China called He Liang has
(26)____________________________with an idea
(27)____________________________solves both problems: a suitcase that you can ride like a motorbike.
He has called it the City Cab. It is powered by a battery and can travel up to 60 km (28)_________a speed of
20 km/h. And, of course, you don't need to find a car park for the City Cab- you just drive into the airport
Question 24. A. the more B. more and more C. most D. as
Question 25. A. experiences B. memories C. childhood D. experience
Question 26. A. come up B. come on C. come out D. come in
Question 27. A. where B. in which C. which D. whom
Question 28. A. with B. for C. about D. at
terminal and check it in !

Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B,C or D to indicate the correct option that best
fits each of the numbered blanks from 29 to 33.
The Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the largest arts festival in the world. It takes place every August for
three weeks in Edinburgh, Scotland's capital city. Every year thousands of shows take place and there is
something for everyone. There are very famous performers in the world of entertainment and unknown
artists just starting their careers. Shows include theatre, comedy, dance, music, exhibitions and events. The
festival started in 1947, when eight uninvited theatre groups arrived to perform at the Edinburgh
International Festival. Not being part of the official programme of the international festival didn't stop these
performers - they just did their shows anyway. Every year more and more performers came and in 1959 the
Festival Fringe Society started.
 The Society became formal and printed its own programme and sold tickets. The society lets anyone
perform and doesn't check events before they start. Today it is the same - anyone with a story to tell and a
place to perform can come.
Question 29. When does the Edinburgh Festival Fringe take place?
A. May B. July C. August D. September
Question 30. The word "formal" in the passage could be best replaced by.
A. official B. informal C. correct D. exact
Question 31. How did the Edinburgh Festival Fringe begin?
A. It started as a separate event from the Edinburgh International Festival
B. It began when invited theatre groups arrived in Edinburgh
C. It originated from a group of uninvited theatre groups
D. It started as a dance festival
Question 32. What role does the Festival Fringe Society play in the event?
A. It selects performers for the festival
B. It sells tickets for the festival
C. It checks events before they start
D. It organizes the festival but only invites well-known artists
Question 33. How does the Edinburgh Festival Fringe differ from the Edinburgh International Festival?
A. The Fringe takes place in September, while the International Festival is in August
B. The Fringe only features theatre performances, while the International Festival includes various art
forms
C. The Fringe is a smaller event compared to the International Festival
D. The Fringe is an open-access event, while the International Festival is by invitation only
Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 40.
MAYA MYSTERY
A lost world is hidden in the rain forests of Central America. There, the ancient Maya built huge,
incredible cities. The Maya civilization was at its peak for 650 years, but about a thousand years ago, the
cities were suddenly abandoned. Today, trees and plants cover the buildings, and many temples are now
ruins. What happened? Why did the Maya leave their cities?
For years, archeologists thought that a disaster, like a volcano or an earthquake, must have hit the Maya.
Diseases, which were brought by invaders, might have spread quickly through the population. However,
researchers now think the Maya had a lot of different problems, leading to their disappearance. To
understand what happened to the Maya, National Geographic sent me to Central America. I visited Mayan
cities and talked to archeologists who are studying them.
One hot day, I stood next to a river near the ruins of Cancuén. It used to be a great city, but everything
changed 1,200 years ago. Invaders came suddenly- probably by boat. I pictured them as I looked at the river.
In my mind, I saw the invaders fighting the soldiers-first at the river, and then in the town. I followed the
path that the invaders must have taken, which led to the ruins of a large pool. The pool once provided
drinking water for the city. The invaders killed the city's leaders and threw their bodies into the water. They
killed the king and queen, too, and buried them nearby.
The invaders then left, taking nothing of value. No one knows who they were, what they wanted, or
where they went. Experts think that the city's remaining population escaped into the rain forest. I learned a
different story in Tikal, one of the greatest Mayan cities. Thirteen hundred years ago, over 50,000 people
lived there. The city had about 3,000 major buildings. But, like Cancuén, its people left.
Archeologists think Tikal might have had a drought. The lack of rain would have made it hard to grow
food. War with neighboring cities might also have made Tikal weak. The Maya believed that their leaders
were gods, so when the king couldn't bring rain or protect them, people started to question his power. Their
community might then have collapsed. Walking among the temples at Tikal, I imagined the people living
there in the city's last days. I could picture them hungry, tired, and scared. Like the Maya in Cancuén, they
left behind a great city and a great mystery.
Question 34. What is the primary subject of the passage?
A. The rise and fall of ancient civilizations
B. The mysteries surrounding the Maya civilization
C. The impact of climate change on historical sites
D. The role of invaders in the decline of Mayan cities
Question 35. The word "picture" in the passage could be best replaced by •
A. describe B. talk C. think D. draw
Question 36. What do archaeologists believe might have contributed to the decline of Tikal?
A. earthquake B. drought C. invasion D. disease
Question 37. How did the invaders treat the leaders of Cancuén?
A. imprisoned them B. exiled them C. killed them D. enslaved them
Question 38. What is the overall tone of the passage?
A. Optimistic B. melancholic C. encouraging D. neutral
Question 39. What role did the river play in the events at Cancuén?
A. It provided a barrier against invaders
B. It served as a transportation route for the invaders
C. It was a source of drinking water for the city
D. It caused flooding, leading to the city's abandonment
Question 40. Why do researchers believe the Maya abandoned their cities?
A. Due to a volcanic eruption
B. Because of diseases brought by invaders
C. As a result of various challenges and conflicts
D. Because of a sudden decrease in population
PRACTICE TEST 10
Mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from
that of the others.
Question 1. A. pamper B. fantastic C. caravan D. arise
Question 2. A. couch B. headache C. lunch D. challenge
Mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the word that is stressed on the different syllable from the others.
Question 3. A. observe B. comfort C. expand D. unspoilt
Question 4. A. intricate B. deodorant C. accessible D. accommodate
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 5. It’s not worth_____money on this product. It’s completely useless.
A. to spend B. spend C. you spend D. spending
Question 6. Brightly coloured packaging made the pens especially____________to children.
A. Appealing B. exhausting C. exciting D. satisfying
Question 7.___________, they had no chance of winning.
A. As bravely they fought B. They fought as bravely
C. Bravely as they fought D. Bravely as fought they
Question 8. Brenda looks___________people who she thinks are not as educated
as she is.
A. out at B. down on C. around for D. away from
Question 9. Her letter is full of mistakes. She___________the mistakes carefully before sending it.
A. must have checked B. may have checked
C. mustn’t have checked D. should have checked
Read the following advertisement/ school announcement and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the
correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 10 to 15.
See How Locals Thrive in Mountainous North Vietnam
The people of northern Vietnam live in a rugged land of granite peaks and thick pine forests . To thrive in
this graphically challenging are means (10)_____________ the steep slopes . You’ll meet them in the
villages and learn how they’ve sculpted the mountainsides and used its run off to grow rice and vegetables.
Hard word and (11)__________building techniques have allowed them (12)_________________in the
higher parts of the mountains . In some places , like the Suoi Nam Valley , we’ll even visit farm houses stilts
. Later , we’ll ascend Ho Pien Mountain through the tea plantations and bamboo forests , enroute to an over
night with a H’mong family . You’ll stay in the homes of local families (13)________________three of the
five nights of the excursion .

Question 10. A. changing B. adjusting C. adapting to D. adopting

Question 11. A. ingenious B. urban C. rural vv
D. ancient
Question 12. A. living B. live C. lived D. to live
Question 13. A. in B. for C. on D. about
ANNOUNCEMENT TO RECRUIT A TOUR GUIDE
Are you passionate about travel, culture, and creating unforgettable experiences for (14)__________? We're
seeking enthusiastic individuals to join our team as tour guides and share their love of exploration with
travelers from around the world. If you (15)______________ a sense of adventure, excellent
communication skills, and a desire to showcase the wonders of our destinations, we want to hear from you!
Question 14. A. others B. other C. the others D. another
Question 15. A. having B. will have C. had D. have

Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct arrangement of the sentences to make a meaningful
paragraph in each of the following questions.

Question 16.
a. Secondly, you can get useful work experience. Take my friend as an example, she loves animals so she
decided to look for a job where she could work with them.
b. We speak to people from different countries and we have lots of opportunities to practise our English.
c. There are many benefits of doing part-time work.
d. I think that part-time work is a very good experience for students.
e. Finally, you can develop your communication skills.
f. First of all, you can earn money. I worked in a cafe last year so I could buy extra books and clothes.
A. c-f-a-e-b-d B. c-e-a-f-b-d C. f-b-a-c-e-d D. c-a-f-b-e-d
Question 17.
a. Additionally, it promotes cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people from different
backgrounds.
b. Therefore, it is imperative for governments to implement sustainable tourism practices to maximize the
benefits while minimizing the negative impacts.
c. In fact, it stimulates economic growth by creating jobs, generating revenue, and fostering infrastructure
development.
d. However, uncontrolled tourism can lead to environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and
overtourism in popular destinations.
e. Tourism is a double-edged sword that brings both benefits and drawbacks to host countries.
A. e-a-c-d-b B. c-a-d-b-e C. e-c-a-d-b D. c-e-d-b-a
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the sentence that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to
23.
It is sometimes argued that tourists from overseas should be charged more than local residents to visit
important sites and monuments. The argument (18)_____________favour of higher prices for foreign
tourists would be that cultural or historical attractions often depend on state subsidies to keep them( 19) ,
which means that the resident population already pays money to these sites through the tax system.
However, I believe this to be a very shortsighted view. Foreign tourists (20)_______of the host country
with the money they spend on a wide range of goods and services, including food, souvenirs,
accommodation and travel. The governments and inhabitants of every country should be happy to subsidise
important tourist sites and encourage people from the rest of the world to visit them.
If travellers realised that they (21) _________________historical and cultural attractions in a particular
nation, they would perhaps decide not to go to that country on holiday. To take the UK as an example, the
tourism industry and many related jobs rely on visitors coming to the country to see places like Windsor
Castle or Saint Paul’s Cathedral. These two sites charge the same price regardless of nationality,
(22)____________________________________________the nation’s cultural heritage. If overseas tourists
stopped coming due to higher prices, there would be a risk of insufficient funding for the maintenance of
these important buildings.
In conclusion, I believe that every effort should be (23)________from overseas,and it would be
counterproductive to make them pay more than local residents.
Question 18. A. on B. in C. with D. for
Question 19. A. to go B. go C. goes D. going

Question 20.

A. contribute to the economy B. contributes to the economy

C. offer to the economy D. pay attention to the economy

Question 21.

A. will have to pay more to visit B. would have had to pay more to visit

C. would have to pay more to visit D. have to pay more to visit

Question 22.
A. that helps to promote B. helped to promote
C. to help to promote D. which helps to promote
Question 23.
A. made to attract tourists B. make to attract tourists
C. do to attract tourists D. done to attract tourists

Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 24 to 28.
In the past, it was very common for teenagers to do student exchanges, where they would go abroad and
stay in each other's homes. The idea was not only to learn a new language, (24)___________ to hang out
with the local teenagers, go to their school, and get a real feel for the place and culture. Sometimes the host
family was very welcoming and students got (25)________well with the people in the home; other times the
culture shock was too much. The students couldn't get used to the food and ended up being left to their
(26)___________devices. Maybe that's why these days it is more common for teenagers to go on a group
trip abroad, where everyone stays in a B&B or hostel together. During the trip, students go and see the sights
and only briefly (27) __________ with a group .from a local school. This way teenagers don't lie around
a foreign house all day, and there is no awkwardness. The wort that could happen might be a case of food
(28)___________ from a bad clam and some sore feet form walking from around the town
Question 24. A. and B. also C. both D. but also
Question 25. A. along B. in C. for D. about
Question 26. A. personal B. own C. private D. alone
Question 27. A. look at B. see off C. meet up D. set in
Question 28. A. poisoning B. poison C. poisonous D. poisoned
Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 29 to 33.
National Park
Yok Đôn National Park is one of the biggest national parks in Vietnam. It is in Krông Na Commune in
Đắk Lắk Province, 40 km northwest of Buôn Ma Thuột City. It is full of beautiful scenery including forests,
rivers, streams and pools and amazing wildlife including 474 different plant species in an area of 1,155.45
km2.
It is the best place to see large mammals such as Asian elephants, Indian bison, Eld's deer and yellow
crested gibbons. It is also one of the few places that endangered big cats such as the Indochinese tiger and
leopard live. Not to mention the wide variety of birds that live there such as the rare giant ibis and sarus
crane. All of these species are endangered, so this is why the area is protected and why eco-tourism is
important.
Visitors can go trekking. To really make the most of the trip and see as much as possible, treks should be
at least three days long. This way, visitors can trek deep into the forest and visit a local village. Also, they
have the chance to enjoy birdwatching and see a lot of other wildlife including bathing elephants. There are
plenty of places to stay and eat around the national park. The best time to visit is during the dry season
which is between October and April. This is the time when you are sure to have the best experience ever!
Question 29. When is the best time to visit Yok Đôn National Park?
A. May to September B. October to April
C. December to February D. March to June
Question 30. Why is eco-tourism important in Yok Đôn National Park?
A. To promote local cuisine B. To encourage shopping
C. To build infrastructure D. To protect endangered species
Question 31. What aspect of Yok Đôn National Park makes it particularly appealing to eco-tourists?
A. Luxurious accommodations B. Remote location
C. Rich biodiversity D. Limited accessibility
Question 32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of wildlife found in Yok Đôn National
Park?
A. Asian elephants B. Indian bison
C. Polar bears D. Yellow crested gibbons
Question 33. What is recommended to fully experience the wildlife and scenery of Yok Đôn National Park?
A. A one-day trek B. A three-day trek
C. A sightseeing tour by car D. A boat cruise
Read the following passage and mark your letter A, B, c or D to indicate the correct option that best fits
each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 40.
Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world. It is located in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern
coast of Africa. The country is quite poor and most people earn less than $2 a day. However, there is
growing interest in the country for tourism, but at the moment very few tourists visit. Madagascar has
something special which makes it very interesting for scientists and tourists alike. It has many species of
plants and animals that do not exist in other countries. Between 80 and 90 percent of its animals and plants
have only ever been found in Madagascar.
People have lived in Madagascar for a very long time. Most researchers believe that the first people came
to the island over 2000 years ago from Borneo in the South China Sea. However, since then Arabs and East
Africans, and later Malays, Javanese, Indians, Chinese and Europeans have all lived in Madagascar. The
population has risen to over 20 million people and this has caused many environmental problems.
 Nearly fifty percent of Madagascar's forests have disappeared in the last fifty years. It is even higher on
the coast. Scientists have estimated that nearly 50 per cent of Madagascar's animal and plant species are
dead or will die. Madagascar's most famous animal is the lemur. Unfortunately, at least 17 species of lemur
have become extinct since people arrived. Many plants and animals we know little about will be dead before
we have a chance to know more about them.
Question 34. Which of the following groups of people have NOT lived in Madagascar historically?
A. Arabs B. East Africans
C. Europeans D. Australians
Question 35. What environmental consequence has the rapid population growth in Madagascar led to?
A. increased forest cover B. improved biodiversity
C. environmental degradation D. preservation of natural habitats
Question 36. What percentage of Madagascar's animal and plant species are estimated to be either dead or
on the brink of extinction?
A. 10% B. 25% C. 40% D. 50%
Question 37. Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the decline of lemurs in Madagascar?
A. deforestation B. overhunting
C. pollution D. climate change
Question 38. How many years ago do most researchers estimate the first people arrived in Madagascar from
Borneo?
A. 500 years ago B. 1000 years ago
C. 1500 years ago D. 2000 years ago
Question 39. The word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to____________
A. The increase in the number of people
B. The first people coming to the island
C. The decrease in the number of people
D. The immigration of people
Question 40. What is the primary reason for the growing interest in tourism in Madagascar?
A. Cultural heritage B. Economic opportunities
C. Natural biodiversity D. Historical landmarks
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