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DNA Virus

The document provides an overview of various families of DNA viruses, detailing their genome types, envelope status, and notable examples. It covers Parvoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae, Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, and Hepadnaviridae, highlighting the diseases they cause in humans and animals. Each family is characterized by specific genomic and structural features that influence their pathogenicity.

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29 views8 pages

DNA Virus

The document provides an overview of various families of DNA viruses, detailing their genome types, envelope status, and notable examples. It covers Parvoviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae, Herpesviridae, Poxviridae, and Hepadnaviridae, highlighting the diseases they cause in humans and animals. Each family is characterized by specific genomic and structural features that influence their pathogenicity.

Uploaded by

taufiqrony68
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DNA virus

Parvoviridae

Genome: Small, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), linear.

Envelope: Non-enveloped.

Examples:
• Human parvovirus B19: Causes Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
in humans.
• Canine parvovirus (CPV): Causes severe gastrointestinal disease in
dogs.
• Feline panleukopenia virus (FPLV): Causes a highly contagious and
often fatal disease in cats.
Polyomaviridae

Genome: Small, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), circular.

Envelope: Non-enveloped.

Examples:
• Human polyomaviruses (e.g., JC virus, BK virus): JC virus can cause
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in
immunocompromised individuals; BK virus can cause nephropathy in
kidney transplant recipients.
Papillomaviridae

Genome: Small, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), circular.

Envelope: Non-enveloped.

Examples:
• Human papillomaviruses (HPVs): Cause warts and are responsible for
most cases of cervical cancer, as well as other anogenital and
oropharyngeal cancers.
Adenoviridae

Genome: Medium-sized, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), linear.

Envelope: Non-enveloped.

Examples:
• Human adenoviruses: Cause a range of infections, including respiratory
illnesses (common cold, bronchitis), conjunctivitis (pink eye), gastroenteritis,
and cystitis.
Herpesviridae

Genome: Large, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), linear.

Envelope: Enveloped.

Key Feature: Known for establishing latent infections.

Examples:
• Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1): Causes oral herpes (cold sores).
• Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2): Causes genital herpes.
• Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Causes chickenpox and shingles.
• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): Causes infectious mononucleosis (mono) and is
associated with certain cancers.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Can cause serious complications in
immunocompromised individuals and congenital infections.
• Human Herpesvirus 6 & 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7): Cause roseola infantum.
• Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8): Causes
Kaposi's sarcoma, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
Poxviridae

Genome: Very large, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), linear.

Envelope: Enveloped (complex morphology, often brick-


shaped).

Key Feature: Replicate entirely in the host cell cytoplasm


(unusual for DNA viruses).

Examples:

• Variola virus: The causative agent of smallpox (now eradicated).


• Vaccinia virus: Used as the vaccine for smallpox.
• Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV): Causes skin lesions.
• Cowpox virus, monkeypox virus: Can cause zoonotic infections.
Hepadnaviridae

Genome: Small, partially double-stranded circular DNA


(dsDNA), unique replication involving an RNA intermediate.

Envelope: Enveloped.

Examples:

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV): Causes acute and chronic hepatitis, leading to


liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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