Pediatrics (----------------):
• provides healthcare from birth to adulthood ---------------------------------------------------
➢ Obstetrics (----------------):
• cares for women through all stages of pregnancy ---------------------------------------------
➢ Radiology (----------------):
• creates X-rays and CT scans for all departments-----------------------------------------------
▪ CT (--------------) , X – ray (-----------------)
➢ Pathology (----------------):
• tests samples for all departments ---------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Surgery (----------------):
• performs everything from routine procedures to organ transplan----------------------------
➢ Cardiology (----------------):
• investigates and treats all heart problems -------------------------------------------------------
➢ Dermatology (----------------):
• cares for everything from warts to skin cancer-------------------------------------------------
➢ Orthopedics (----------------):
• provides bone and joint care -------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Emergency (----------------):
• treats patients in life-threatening condition ----------------------------------------------------
✓ pharmacy fill prescriptions twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week
➢ lab technician (----------------):
• a medical professional who works with samples in a
laboratory------------------------------------------------
➢ anesthesiologist (----------------):
• a doctor who renders patients unconscious or prevents them from feeling
pain------------------------------
➢ general practitioner (----------------):
• a doctor who provides many kinds of care to adults and children
---------------------------------------------
➢ nurse (----------------):
• a medical professional who helps a doctor and cares for
patients-----------------------------------------------
➢ pharmacist (----------------):
• a person who fills prescriptions and gives medicine –
How circulatory system works?
Q: what carries oxygen to parts of the body? ---------------------------------------
A: The circulatory system carries oxygen in blood to all parts of the body.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Blood begins its journey in the heart, which beats to pump it to the rest of the body.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Valves control how blood moves through the heart. ------------------------------------------------
• Blood picks up oxygen in the lungs by traveling through the pulmonary artery.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• then leaves the heart through the aorta. ---------------------------------------------------------------
Aorta the body’s largest artery -------------------------------
• Blood flows throughout the body in arteries. ----------------------------------------------------------
• At the end of arteries are tiny capillaries.
-------------------------------------------------------------
• Here (capillaries), oxygen moves to parts of the body. ---------------------------------------------------
• Blood without oxygen returns to the heart in veins. -----------------------------------------------------
vena cava the body’s largest vein -----------------------------------
• the vena cava, empties (blood without oxygen) into the heart’s right atrium.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Vocabulary box:
Valves
-------------------
Artery
-------------------
Pulmonary artery
-------------------
Aorta
-------------------
Capillaries
-------------------
Veins
-------------------
Vena cava
-------------------
Artium
-------------------
1|Page
[Exercise p.13]
a. mark the statements True (T) or False (F):
1. blood travels through aorta to the body. (F)
✓ Correct: blood travels through pulmonary artery to the body.
2. oxygen leaves blood through capillaries (T)
3. the vena cava is the largest artery in the body (F)
✓ Correct: The Aorta the largest artery in the body
Remember that:
➢ new virus strains and drug-resistant bacteria cause problems every year.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: why is cleanliness important in a hospital?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: to stop the spread of contagious viruses and drug-resistant bacteria. If these are transmitted,
they can cause many infections in patients
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q: what are some ways to prevent infections?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
✓ Regular hand washing with antimicrobial soap is imperative.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
✓ All surfaces must be cleaned with disinfectant according to the maintenance schedule
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
✓ We must always store antibiotic drugs in the proper cabinets
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ if drug resistant flu strains appear, ----------------------------------------------------
✓ we must quarantine all infected persons. ----------------------------------------------
✓ To avoid transmitting further infections.
---------------------------------------------
✓ no one will be allowed in quarantine areas without a facemask
what are some ways to administer medicine?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: There are many different routes of administration for medicine. They may be taken:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
✓ P.O. (per oral) ---------------------------
✓ Topically. -----------------------------------
✓ I.V (intravenous) -------------------------
✓ Sublingually.
------------------------------
✓ Intramuscular injection -----------------
✓ P.R (per rectum) -------------------------------
✓ Subcutaneous -----------------------------
[Exercise p.17]
a. match the words with definitions:
➢ topical (----------------)
• applied to a certain part of the surface of the body.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ sublingual (----------------)
• given beneath the tongue ------------------------------------------
➢ subcutaneous (----------------)
• injected into the fatty layer under the skin with a syringe
-----------------------------------------------------
➢ P.R (----------------)
• taken through the rectum -----------------------------------
➢ I.V (----------------)
• injection into a vein using a syringe often over a long period of time.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ P.O (----------------)
• taken orally, or through the mouth ------------------------------------------------------------------
1|Page
b. fill in blanks with correct word:
1. 2. 3. 4. is the route of administration for this medicine sublingual or P.O?
please get me a syringe so I can give this intramuscular injection.
How should we administer Mr. Smith’s medicine?
For this patient, the correct dosage is 200 milligrams per day.
❖ some common abbreviations that medical professionals use?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Abbreviation’s box:
Abbreviation It’s meaning Abbreviation It’s meaning
(temperature)
--------------
HR
(heart rate)
--------------
BP
(blood pressure)
--------------
c/o
(complaints of)
--------------
XR
(x – ray)
--------------
WNL
(within normal limits)
--------------
o/e
(on examination)
--------------
Dx
(diagnosis)
--------------
SOB
(shortness of breath)
--------------
Rx
(treatment)
--------------
HTN (hyper tension)
In a medical emergency, always call for assistance first.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ basic steps to take to help an injured victim before medical help arrives:
• Check if the victim’s pulse or breathing has stopped,
✓ perform CPR or rescue breathing after clearing the victim’s airways.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Assess the victim’s condition -------------------------------------
• Prevent SHOCK by -----------------------------
✓ elevating the legs and covering him/her ---------------------------------------------------
• Stop any bleeding by ------------------------------------
✓ applying pressure to lacerations or other open wounds
-------------------------------------------------------
• Clean and wrap the wound in a bandage once bleeding stops------------------------------------
• Cool minor burns with running water. -------------------------------------------------------------
1|Page
[Exercise p.15]
A. match words with definitions:
1. Shock (---------------)
• A medical emergency in which the circulatory system cannot provide oxygen to the body.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Burn (-----------------)
• A physical injury that can be caused by heat ------------------------------------------
3. Pulse (------------------)
• A normal, regular heartbeat that can be felt when the artery is pressed
----------------------------------------
4. Rescue breathing (---------------------)
• First aid procedure involving providing air for someone who has stopped breathing but still
has a
heartbeat.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Laceration (-------------------)
• An open injury caused by a hard impact to soft body’s tissue
-----------------------------------------------------
6. CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) (--------------------------)
• First aid procedure involving chest compression and artificial breathing.
----------------------------------------------
syringe (----------------):
• a device used for injecting liquids into the body
--------------------------------------------------------------
➢ sharps container (----------------):
• a box for the storing of used needles and other sharp medical instruments before disposal
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ biohazard waste container (----------------):
• a box for the storage and disposal of dangerous medical waste
---------------------------------------------
➢ gown (----------------):
• a long robe worn by a hospital patient -----------------------------------------------
➢ gauze (----------------):
• a cotton fabric used to cover wounds or surgical
incisions------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:
- dispose of used (syringes) in - dispose of used (gauze, latex gloves) in sharps container.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
biohazard waste container.
❖ Additional vocabulary:
Word Meaning Word Meaning
Wheel chair ------------------------------ Pressure mattresses ------------------------------
Oxygen tank ------------------------------ Latex gloves ------------------------------
1|Page
[Exercise P. 8 ]
A. Read the sentence and choose the correct word.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Wear a new pair of [gowns / latex gloves] to examine each patient.
A(n)[ oxygen tank / wheelchair] helps Mr. Hayes breathe.
The [ bedpans / latex gloves] in this room needs to be emptied before you leave.
Please get Mr. Wilson a [bedpan / wheelchair] so he can move around.
Order a(n) [pressure mattress / oxygen tank] for Ms. Jones to help her back pain.
///////
• Athletes deal with injuries on a regular basis.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Common sports injuries are:
➢ Ankle sprain (----------------):
• It occurs when the foot rolls in a twisting motion.
--------------------------------------------------------------
✓ Ankle sprain the most common foot injury.
➢ Knee sprain (----------------):
• can results from a blow to the knee or a sudden twist.
------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Elbow sprain (----------------):
• unnatural arm movement can cause an elbow sprain. Pain can be felt through the arm to the
wrist or
even the hand.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Shoulder dislocation (----------------):
• A hard blow can knock the shoulder out of place. ------------------------------------------------------
✓ Hips can also be dislocated. -------------------------------------------------
➢ Fingers and toes (----------------):
• These appendages are often jammed or broken. ------------------------------------------------------
❖ Vocabulary meaning:
Upper body parts ---------------------- Lower body parts ---------------------
Shoulder ----------------- Hip -----------------
Arm ----------------- Knee -----------------
Wrist ----------------- Leg -----------------
Elbow ----------------- Ankle -----------------
Hand ----------------- Foot -----------------
Finger ----------------- Toe -----------------
Dislocation ----------------- Sprain -----------------
1|Page
[Exercise P. 10]
A. Match the words with the definitions:
1. the part of the forearm that attaches to the hand .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. the long extension from the upper body between the shoulder and wrist.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. the part of the upper leg that projects slightly outward .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. the long extension from the lower body between the hip and foot .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. one of the extensions from the hand .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. the joint between the upper and lower arm .
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(wrist)
(Arm)
(Hip)
(leg)
(finger)
(elbow)
B. C. Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks.
• I twisted my ankle when I was running.
• Tom can't move his arm due to his shoulder Injury.
• The leg bends at the knee
• Breaking even your smallest toe can make walking difficult.
• This shoe barely fits on my foot
• Give me your hand and I will help you up.
////
Ashma (----------------):
• A chronic disease of lungs --------------------------------------------------------------------
• Involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes and other airways.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Asthma causes:
✓ Wheezing ------------------
✓ Coughing -------------------
✓ Difficulty in breathing -----------------------------
• Ashma treatment:
✓ Inhale medicine using inhaler. ------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Emphysema (----------------):
• A progressive respiratory disease. --------------------------------------------------
• A result of bronchial tubes damage ------------------------------------------------
• The alveoli lose their shape and functionality when the person exhales.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Less oxygen is allowed to enter the bloodstream.
--------------------------------------------------------------
✓ Smoking tobacco is one of the most common causes of emphysema.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Vocabulary box:
Word and its meaning Word and its meaning
Asthma --------------------- Emphysema ---------------------
Inhale --------------------- Exhale ---------------------
Bronchial tubes --------------------- Alveoli ---------------------
Chronic --------------------- Progressive ---------------------
Trachea ----------------------
1|Page
[Exercise P. 16]
1. A. Read the passage and answer the following questions:
What is the main topic of the passage?
a. Defining two types of respiratory illness.
2. Which of the following is not a symptom of asthma?
a. Excessive oxygen entering the blood.
3. When do alveoli lose their shape in a person with emphysema?
a. When the person exhale.
B. Fill the blanks with a correct word:
Sam’s asthma Air passes into the lungs from the trachea through the bronchial tubes.
makes him cough and wheeze.
The lungs Emphysema makes it difficult to exhale.
Oxygen C. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. are the main organs of the respiratory system.
is a naturally accruing gas essential to human survival.
////
What are the main parts of the digestive system? ----------------------------------------------------------
A: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Possible causes of pain in digestive system:
➢ Persistent abdominal pain could be an ulcer.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Pain between the heart and stomach might mean an esophagus problem.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Pain lower in the abdomen could mean appendicitis.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The appendix is between the small intestine and large intestine
➢ Appendix part of the digestive system but it can be removed without any consequences.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ Doctors will perform colonoscopy to colon and intestines for serious problems
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
❖ Vocabulary box:
Digestive system
------------------------
Esophagus
------------------------
Colonoscopy
-----------------------
Appendix
-----------------------
Large intestines
-----------------------
Stomach
-----------------------
Ulcer
------------------------
Colon
-----------------------
Appendicitis
-----------------------
Small intestines
--------------------
1|Page
[Exercise p.13]
A. match the words with definitions:
1. appendicitis (-----------------)
• a condition where the appendix becomes inflamed
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. colonoscopy (-----------------)
• a medical procedure which examines the inside of colon
-----------------------------------------------------------
3. esophagus (-----------------)
• a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
-------------------------------------------------------------
4. stomach (-----------------)
• a pouch - like organ between the esophagus and small intestines
-------------------------------------------------
5. digestive system (-----------------)
• a system of organs which processes food, nutrients, and waste -----------------------------------------
mg (----------------) (milligram)
• a unit of mass equal to one thousandth of gram.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ mEq (----------------) (milliequivalent)
• 1/1000th the weight of the minor component of a chemical solution dissolved in the major
component.
-------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ mcg (----------------) (microgram)
• a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram------------------------------- -----------------------------
➢ Tbsp (----------------) (tablespoon)
• a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard tablespoon can hold or about three
teaspoons.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
➢ tsp (----------------) (teaspoon)
• a measure of volume equal to the amount a standard teaspoon can hold.
➢ g (----------------) (gram)
----------------------------------------
• a unit of mass which is equal to 1/1000th of a kilogram.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit Its meaning Its equivalent
g gram 1/1000th of a kilogram.
mg milligram one thousandth of gram.
ml Milliliter One thousandth of a liter
mcg microgram one millionth of a gram
mEq milliequivalent 1/1000th the weight of the minor component
Tbsp tablespoon a standard tablespoon / three teaspoons.
tsp teaspoon a standard teaspoon
gtt drops Number of drops
Oz Ounce 1/6th of pound
