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ng dng t ng ha trong lnh vc pht trin nng lng mi, nng lng ti to. Applying Automation in Renewable Energy Development Field
Th.s Nguyn Ch Cng Trung tm Nghin cu Thu kh Vin Nghin cu C kh H Ni - Vit Nam cuongnc@narime.gov.vn Tm tt:
Bi bo nu tng quan v tim nng ca nng lng ti to (NLTT), trin vng pht trin NLTT; Mt s kinh nghim trong nghin cu thit b pht in s dng nng lng sng bin Vin Nghin cu C kh. Kt lun bi bo c li bn v mt s vn trong nghin cu pht trin Nng lng sng v NLTT ni chung, v s ng gp ca t ng ha trong cc h thng, thit b NLTT. Trong khi , cc nh gi u cho rng, Vit Nam l quc gia c y iu kin pht trin mnh cc dng NLTT, nhng thc t vn cha khai thc c nhiu ngun tim nng ny. Nhiu chuyn gia cho rng, nu u t khai thc ng hng, ngun nng lng ny c th thay th 100% nng lng truyn thng ca Vit Nam. Ni nh vy khng c ngha l vic ng dng NLTT l d dng, khng tn km. ngy cng pht trin ngun NLTT i hi s pht trin ng b, t quan im, ng li pht trin n s u t, nghin cu cho KHCN v cc chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin khc. Nh chng ta bit, trong cc dng nng lng, dng NLTT c nh gi nh sau [1]: - Nng lng mt tri: - Nng lng gi: - Nng lng sng bin: 100 200 W/m2 ; 400600 W/m2; 2.000 3.000 W/m2 .
Abstract
This article provides a general view about potentiality as well as promised development relating to renewable energy. It also provides some experience of NARIME in research and development wave energy device. At the conclusion is concluding opinion about research and development issue in general and the contribution of automation in renewable energy industry.
Ch vit tt
NLTT: nng lng ti to; NLS: nng lng sng; KHCN: khoa hc cng ngh;
NLTT c tim nng v li ch to ln, tuy nhin NLTT li thay i ln, ph thuc nhiu vo thin nhin, theo thi tit, theo ma, kh hu Vi iu kin cng ngh ch to hin i v thit b iu khin, h thng t ng ha ng b, hin nay cc nc tin tin khc phc c cc hn ch trn, ch to c cc thit b s dng NLTT p ng nhu cu, dn thay th cc ngun nng lng khc, m i u cc nc l c, M, Nht c bit sau s c in ht nhn Fukujima ti Nht bn, nhiu nc tng cng pht trin NLTT.
VCCA-2011
432
Trong nng lng gi n 2010 chim 3.23% trong tng cc ngun nng lng. Hnh 3. Nng lng sng bin (wave energy). Nh vy c th ni NLTT cc nc pht trin v ang pht trin v ang c quan tm pht trin. b. i vi Vit Nam (theo Quy hoch in VII- 2011) TT Ch tiu 2009 2010 2015 2020 2030 437 0 437 437 1067 1467 1767 0 200 1500 8200
Nh vy vic pht trin NLTT Vit Nam vn rt khim tn, vic t c mc tiu 4,5 6% n nm 2030 theo Quy hoch in VII i hi l lc rt ln, bn cnh cc u i u t, c ch chnh sch th vic nghin cu k thut, KHCN trong lnh vc ny l rt cn thit, gp phn khng nh cho s pht trin NLTT cho t nc.
a. i vi cc nc cng nghip pht trin: Cc sn phm v nng lng mi, NLTT bao gm: nng lng gi; nng lng mt tri; thy in; nng lng thy triu; nng lng a nhit; in ht nhn. Phn b t l cc ngun nng lng hin ti v cc nm d kin nh sau (n v GW): Nm Nhit in 2010 706 2015 857 2020 1000 Thy in 213 280 380 in gi 31 90 150 Ht nhn 11 40 86 Mt tri 0.24 5 20 Sinh khi 4.7 15 30 Tng 963 1287 1666
3. Nghin cu thit b pht in s dng nng lng sng bin Vin Nghin cu C kh
ti M s KC.05-17/06-10 do Vin Nghin cu C kh thc hin trong giai thi gian 02 nm, y l giai on tin nghin cu, vi mc tiu ng dng nng lng sng bin trong vic sn xut ra in nng (qui m cng sut h thng pht in t 5 10 kW). y l ti mi, lnh vc nng lng sng bin l lnh vc mi, kh v phc tp v ton b thit b cng ngh u thc hin mi trng bin, chu nh hng ca yu t thi tit, thin nhin khc nghit. Thit b pht in NLS bin l t hp thit b cng ngh cao, bao gm nhiu lnh vc khoa hc, cng ngh, cng ngh ch to my. T l thuyt sng, nng lng sng, lnh vc c kh hng hi, lnh vc thy lc, kh nn, in, t ng ha, in iu khin, pht v truyn dn trn bin Vin Nghin cu C kh l n v u tin trong nc thc hin ti ny, kt qu ban u p ng yu cu ca ti
Nhn chung, cc nc pht trin ngy cng nng cao t l NLTT, cc sn phm, thit b in c hiu sut cao, cng sut ln v gim kh thi CO2, gi thnh ngy cng gim. Mt s nc nh c cng b s s dng NLTT thay th nng lng ht nhn, Nht cng ang xem xt li cc nh
VCCA-2011
433
Hnh 5. S tnh ton c cu thu nhn nng lng sng dng rn bin.
VCCA-2011
434
T phng trnh cn bng, theo s hnh 5, ta c cng thc tnh ng knh phao D p ng nhu cu cng sut No:
D=
3,14.d 2 .Z.p1 8 b b . +M 2 .Z.cos+G 2 . - .cos-G1. .cos-M1.Z.cos(+) 2 -6 -2 3,14.2.b ..10 .cos 4.10 .cos 2 2
Hnh 6. S khi ca h thng thu nhn v chuyn i nng lng [6]. Trn s khi hnh 6 trn th hin r qu trnh vn hnh thit b: - Khi thu nhn nng lng sng v tch np nng lng (h thng phao, bm piston v h thng bnh tch nng thy lc). - Khi chuyn i nng lng thy tnh sang nng lng in. (h thng truyn ng thy lc v h pht dn in). hin thc ha s khi trn, ta c s nguyn l truyn ng thy lc trn hnh 6. Di y l sn phm ang c nghin cu thit k ch to v kho nghim.
VCCA-2011
435
Hnh 8. Sn phm thit b pht in nng lng sng bin dng con rn bin (do nhm thc hin t ithit k) [6]. Thit b pht in nng lng sng bin rn bin cng sut 5 10 kW ca ti KC 05-17/06-10 c cc thng s thit k nh sau: 1. Cng sut pht tng : P = 10 kW; 2. cao sng nh nht: H= 0,8 m; 3. Bc sng: L= 7 m; 4. Chu k sng T= 57 s 5. ng knh thn phao (rn bin): D= 1,2 m; 6. Chiu di thn phao thu nhn: Bt= 3,5 m 7. Chiu di thn module nng lng Bm= 1,5 m. Rn bin bao gm cc phao ri lin kt vi nhau bi cc khp quay theo chiu ngang v ng, cc phao dao ng theo sng trn b mt sng, chuyn ng tng i gia cc phao c lp t cc xilanh bm thy lc, cc xilanh c nhim v chuyn i nng lng chuyn ng c hc thnh nng lng thy tnh. Cc chuyn ng y ch yu do lc Acsimet (lc ni ca phao) v dao ng ca phao trong
VCCA-2011
436
Nhng vn nu trn tuy r rng, song trn thc t nhm thc hin ti gp rt nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin nh vn ha in 04 my pht in ng b cng sut 2,8 kW dn in v b; n nh tng i vng quay ca ng c thy lc trong h thng thy lc chung; vn tch nng thy lc trong vic gii quyt vn n nh, vn t ng ha cho h thng thit b 3.3. Mt s hnh nh minh ha qu trnh thit k ch tov kho nghim thit b
. Hnh 9. Sn phm thit b pht in nng lng sng bin- con rn bin (do Vin Nghin cu C kh ch to).
VCCA-2011
437
Hnh 10. Thit b m phng sng c hc (phc v cng tc kho nghim rn bin trong phng th nghim).
4. Li kt
Khai thc nng lng sng bin hin vn ang trong giai on pht trin thm d bi vic tnh ton phng thc thu nhn nng lng sng ht sc phc tp. ti khai thc nng lng sng bin, ti KC 05.17/06-10 mi ch l bc khi u, s thnh cng ca ti ph thuc nhiu vo mc trin khai ng dng mechatronics. Trong qu trnh hon thin thit b chng ti mong nhn c s trao i, gp ca cc nh khoa hc v k thut quan tm n lnh vc nng lng sng bin ny, c bit cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc mechatronics, t ng ha quan tm ng gp kin cho ti tip tc hon thin trong giai on tip theo. Lnh vc nng lng sng bin l mt phn trong lnh vc NLTT, chng ti ngh rng, pht trin lnh vc NLTT theo nh nh hng, Nh nc cn c chin lc di hi, xy dng cc chng trnh c th, trn c s cc kt qu nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trong nc hay trn th gii. Vic u t cho nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh cn c quan tm thch ng, khuyn khch nhiu nh khoa hcv k thut cng gp phn cho ra cc sn phm c cht lng, hm lng cao ng dng trong thc tin gp phn tng cng cho an ninh nng lng...
VCCA-2011
438
VCCA-2011
439