Doble Testing Potential Transformers ( PTs )

Bob Sarni Doble Engineering Company

Doble Engineering Company

85 Walnut Street, Watertown, MA 02472

Potential Transformers (PTs)

H1

Isurface

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

Cascade Type
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Potential Transformers (PTs)

H1

CHX

CH

CHY
H0
Doble Testing Potential Transformers

X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Line To Ground PT
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Potential Transformers (PTs)

H1 H2

CH1 CHY

CHX

CH2 X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3

Line To Line PT
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Recommended Test Voltage

Liquid-Filled Line-to-Line PTs Rated Below 15 kV Insulation Class PT Voltage Rating 7.2 to 8.7 4.2 to 5.0 2.4 Test Voltage (kV) 5.0 2.5 2.0

*For Units Rated 15 kV and Above, Perform Tests at 10 kV

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Recommended Test Voltage

Liquid-Filled Line-to-Ground PTs a) Perform Test At the Rated Voltage of the Neutral Bushing b) Cross-Check Tests are Performed at 10 kV or at Rated Line-toGround Voltage, Whichever is Lower

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Recommended Test Voltage

Dry-Type Line-to-Line PTs Rated Below 15 kV Insulation Class PT Voltage Rating Test Voltage (kV) Overall a. 2 kV b. Line-to-Ground Voltage* c. 10% to 25% Above Line-to-Ground operating Voltage Cross-Check a. 2 kV b. Line-to-Ground Operating Voltage a. Line-to-Ground Operating Voltage

Exciting Current

*Note: Power Factor Tip Up Test

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Recommended Test Voltage

Dry-Type Line-to-Ground PTs Rated Below 15 kV Insulation Class Perform Test at a Voltage Not to Exceed the Neutral Bushing Rating as Outlined in Previous Section

Cross-Checks are Performed at 10 kV or Rated Line-to-Ground Voltage, Whichever is Lower For Units Rated Above 15 kV, Perform Tests at 2 and 10 kV to Determine Tip-Up Value

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Test Mode Energize Ground GST H1, H2 X1,Y1 GST GST UST UST H1 H2 H1 H2 X1Y1 X1Y1 X1Y1 X1Y1

Guard UST H2 H1 H2 H1

Test Description Overall H1 Cross Check H2 Cross-Check Excitation H1 to H2 Excitation H2 to H1

Supplementary Hot-Collar tests on the primary line-terminal bushings

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #1 : GST Ground - No LV Lead Required Measure: CH1+CHX+CHY+CH2
HV Lead
H1 H0

CH1 CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3
10

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #2: GST-Guard (Cross-Check Test #1) Measure: CH1+ 1/2CHX + 1/2CHY
HV Lead H1 H0 LV Lead

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #3: GST-Guard (Cross-Check Test #2) Measure: CH2+ 1/2CHX + 1/2CHY
LV Lead H1 H0 HV Lead

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #4: Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST) Measure: Excitation Current
HV Lead H1 H0 LV Lead

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #5: Ungrounded Specimen Test (UST) Measure: Excitation Current
LV Lead H1 H0 HV Lead

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Supplementary Tests - Single-Phase P T

Test No. 6 7 8 9 Test Mode UST UST GST GST

Energize H1, H2 H1, H2 H1 H2

Ground Yn Xn -

Guard H2, Xn, Yn H1, Xn, Yn

UST Xn Yn -

Test Description CHX CHY Bushing H1 Bushing H2

Note: n designates any winding connection, 1, 2 or 3

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Supplementary Tests - Single-Phase P T

Test #6 : UST Measure: CHX
HV Lead
H1 H0

CH1 CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 LV Lead
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Supplementary Tests - Single-Phase P T

Test #7 : UST Measure: CHY
HV Lead
H1 H0

CH1 CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 LV Lead

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Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #8: GST-Guard Red & Blue Measure: CH1
H1 H0 LV Lead

HV Lead
LV Lead

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Test Procedure - Single Phase - P T

Test #9: GST-Guard Red & Blue Measure: CH2
H1 LV Lead LV Lead HV Lead H0

CH1
CHY

CHX

CH2
X1 X2 X3

Y1 Y2 Y3
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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Single Phase Internally Grounded PT

H1

CHX

CH

CHY H0

X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3

Neutral Shown Internally Grounded

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Single Phase Internally Grounded PT

Test Procedure
Test No. 1 2 Mode Energize UST H1 GST H1 Ground HO HO Guard ---X1,Y1 UST X1,Y1 ----

Test No. 1: Measures Line-End Interwinding Insulation Test No. 2: Measure Excitation Current

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

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Cascade Potential Transformers

H1

H0
Ground Lead

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test Preparation - Single Phase Line-to-Ground PT One Side Of Each Secondary Winding Grounded Remove Ground Link From Neutral Short Circuit H1(Line) to H0 (Neutral) Test No. 1 Only
NOTE: Test Voltage for Tests 1, 3, 4, 5 Limited by Rating of Neutral Bushing (5 kV)

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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #1: GST-Ground
H1

HV Cable

Secondary Windings Not Shown H0 Ground Lead Test Voltage for Tests 1, 3, 4, 5 Limited by Rating of Neutral Bushing (5 kV)
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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #2: GST-Guard Measure: Cross-Check #1
H1 HV Cable

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

LV Lead

Ground Lead

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #3: GST-Guard Measure: Cross-Check #2
H1 LV Lead

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

Ground Lead Test Voltage for Tests 1, 3, 4, 5 Limited by Rating of Neutral Bushing (5 kV)
Doble Testing Potential Transformers 26

HV Cable

Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #4: UST Measure: Excitation Current
HV Cable

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

Ground Lead

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #5: UST Measure: Excitation Current H1
LV Lead

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

Ground Lead Test Voltage for Tests 1, 3, 4, 5 Limited by Rating of Neutral Bushing (5 kV)
Doble Testing Potential Transformers 28

HV Cable

Cascade Potential Transformers

Alternative Method for Performing the Overall Test*
Test No. 1A Test Mode GST Energize H0 Ground X1, X2, X3 Y1, Y2, Y3 Floating H1 Test Description Overall

Tests 2 Through 5 - Same as Conventional PT

*Note: No Short Circuit Used Between H1 & H0
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Cascade Potential Transformers

Test #1A: GST-Ground No Short Circuit on Primary Winding
H1

H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

Ground Lead Test Voltage for Tests 1, 3, 4, 5 Limited by Rating of Neutral Bushing (5 kV)
Doble Testing Potential Transformers 30

HV Cable

Use of Guard Collar on Cascade PT

H1

Isurface

Connect to Guard H0

Secondary Windings Not Shown

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Test Procedure-Single-Phase PT - DTA

Doble Testing Potential Transformers

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Analysis of Results: PTs

Compare Overall Power Factor Test Values to Previous Test Results Compare Overall Power Factor Values to Similar Units (Doble Test-Data-Reference-Book) Compare Cross-Check Power Factors Most PTs Test Results are Similar

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Analysis of Results: PTs

Examples: PT #1 Test No. 1 (Overall) 2 (H1 Cross-check) 3 (H2 Cross-check) PT #2 Test No. 1 (Overall) 2 (H1 Cross-check) 3 (H2 Cross-check)

mA 2.540 1.256 1.248 mA 2.650 1.356 1.248

Watts 0.104 0.056 0.046 Watts 0.354 0.313 0.055

%PF 0.41 0.45 0.37 %PF 1.32 2.31 0.44

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Doble Testing Potential Transformers

Analysis of Results: PTs

What is Wrong With PT #2?

Consider Performing Supplemental Tests to Locate Cause of Problem Refer to Doble Test Equipment Instruction Manual

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Analysis of Results: PTs

Typical Good Unit

Test No. 1 (Overall) 2 (H1 Cross-Check) 3 (H0 Cross-Check)

mA 3.040 0.278 2.810

Watts % Power Factor 0.152 0.50 0.0312 1.12 0.128 0.46

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Analysis of Results: PTs

Questionable Unit

Test No. 1 (Overall) 2 (H1 Cross-Check) 3 (H0 Cross-Check)

mA Watts % Power Factor 3.080 0.181 0.58 0.311 0.0682 2.19 2.810 0.128 0.46

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