Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: (ADHD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
(ADHD)
ED443G
David Gofigan
Eleanor Quichocho
Definition
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
(ADHD), sometimes called Attention Deficit
Disorder (ADD), involves hyperactivity,
difficulty paying attention and a tendency to
act impulsively.
Objectives
• To describe a child with ADD/ADHD
• To explain the signs and symptoms of

ADD/ADHD
• To discuss the types of teaching tips

Prevalence
• begins in childhood and can affect all areas of
a patient’s life.
• 3% - 5% of school-aged children-2 million
children in the US (National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH))
• Boys outnumber girls 3 to 1 (Mental Health
America) However, girls may be under
diagnosed.
Three Major Types
• Predominantly inattentive (ADHD/I)
• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD

(ADHD/HI)
• Combined ADHD
Predominantly inattentive (ADHD/I)
• difficulty paying attention
• struggles to concentrate and complete tasks forgetful and

easily distracted
• poor organizational skills, lethargic, sluggish, shy, anxious

or constantly daydreaming
• most often diagnosed in adolescent girls, and is diagnosed

if six or more symptoms of inattention have persisted for
more than six months, according to the American
Psychiatric Association (APA).
Combined ADHD
• Combines symptoms of the other two forms of
ADHD
• the most common form of ADHD.
• diagnosed in boys of elementary-school age.
• diagnosed when six or more symptoms

associated with each of the two major forms of
ADHD are present.
Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive
ADHD (ADHD/HI)
• difficulty controlling behavior, with an increased risk for
serious aggressive or oppositional behavior and antisocial
conduct.
• fidget and excessively restless.
• blurt out comments that are inappropriate and often do

not think before they act.
• diagnosed if six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and

impulsivity have persisted for more than six months.
Causes
• Change in the brain structure
• Genetic & heredity
• Mother is exposed to chemicals during
pregnancy (smoke, alcohol, drugs)
• Child exposed to chemicals at young age
(environmental toxins – PCBs or Lead)
• Gender – boys are 3x more likely than girls
What is ADHD?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMikx-vjgKc&
Positive Traits
• Creativity
• Flexibility
• Enthusiasm and spontaneity
• Energy and drive

Diagnostic and Criteria of
Children with ADD/ADHD
• Medical evaluation • Early onset
• Psychological • Duration
evaluation • Settings
• Pediatricians • Impact
• Psychiatrists • Developmental level
• Family • Alternative explanation
• Teachers
Treatment
Treatment Team Plan
• Child and adolescent • Education about ADHD
psychiatrists • Behavioral intervention
• Psychologists strategies
• Cognitive-behavioral • Parent training
therapists • A specialized educational
• Educational specialists program
• Behavioral coaches • Medication, when
necessary
Tips for Parents
• Believe in and support • Be consistent.
your child. • Set a good example.
• Keep things in • Anticipate and avoid
perspective. problems.
• Pay attention to the • Praise good behavior.
siblings. • Negotiate and consult
• Take of yourself. with your child.
• Communicate • Pick your battles.
• Connect
Teaching Tips for Teachers
• Seating • Maintain eye contact
• Structure • Clear and concise
• Role models instructions
• Peer tutoring • Simplicity
• Cooperative learning • Comprehension
• Transition • Tone
• Creativity • Positive guidance
• Home connection • Assignment notebook
Great Tips
• Be informed. • Make directions as easy
• Move toward a project- to follow as possible.
based classroom. • Monitor progress.
• Offer choices. • Use alternative
• Give kids the tools to assessments to
compensate for measure learning.
shortcomings. • Ask for help.
Technology
• Print or picture schedule • Pagers and electronic
• Low tech aids to find reminders
materials (e.g. index tabs, • Single word scanners
color coded folders) • Hand-held scanners
• Highlight text (e.g. • Software for concept
markers, highlight tape, development/manipula-
ruler, etc.) tion of objects
• Recorded material (books • Software for outlining
on tape, taped lectures and organization of ideas
with number coded • Palm computers
index, etc.)
• Voice output reminders
for assignments, steps of
task, etc.
• Electronic organizers
Thought Provoking Questions
• How should society assist and address the rise in
students with ADD/ADHD upon transitioning into
the world beyond high school?
• With all the media out there about cures and
meds that work with ADD/ADHD, why do we still
focus on the use of Ritalin?
• How can teachers address issues in their
classroom when faced with two or more students
with ADD/ADHD?
Resources
• Your Total Health
http://yourtotalhealth.ivillage.com/relationships
• ADD & ADHD in Children: Recognizing the Signs
and Symptoms
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/adhd_add_signs_sym
• Teaching Children with ADD/ADHD
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/add-and-adhd/teach

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: (ADHD)

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity

• To explain the signs and symptoms of

• To discuss the types of teaching tips

• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD

• struggles to concentrate and complete tasks forgetful and

• poor organizational skills, lethargic, sluggish, shy, anxious

• most often diagnosed in adolescent girls, and is diagnosed

• the most common form of ADHD.

• diagnosed in boys of elementary-school age.

• diagnosed when six or more symptoms

• fidget and excessively restless.

• blurt out comments that are inappropriate and often do

• diagnosed if six or more symptoms of hyperactivity and

• Enthusiasm and spontaneity

• Energy and drive

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