MECHANICAL PRESSES

History of hydraulic presses

In the old ages before pascal people were use the hammer as a tool for compressing their materials , but after knowing pascals law they started to use this law in many applications and from this applications was the hydraulic press which invented by Joseph Bramah in 1795 in England .

Bramah press

Bramah press

Bramah press is exactly an ideal press in which all the modern presses are still work with its theory (idea) as it contain all the devices which make a hydraulic circuit (manual pump manual valves incompressible fluid hydraulic cylinder )

Components of bramah press

The idea of bramah press

Is bramah press still exist ??

The answer is (((( YES )))) We can see bramah in many devices now today like :

Compressing simple works

Jewelry press ( gold & silver )

Types of presses

There is 2 kinds of presses 1st mechanical presses ( which work by gears and motors not with the hydraulic system ) 2nd hydraulic presses ( which depending on hydraulic system in its way of working )

Mechanical punch press

Mechanical punch presses fall into two distinct types, depending on the type of clutch or braking system with which they are equipped. Generally older presses are "full revolution" presses that require a full revolution of the crankshaft for them to come to a stop.

Mechanical punch press

Screw press
A screw press is a type of machine press in which the ram is driven up and down by a screw. The screw shaft can be driven by a handle, or a wheel. It works by using a coarse screw to convert the rotation of the handle or drive-wheel into a small downward movement of greater force.

Screw press

Fly presses

Fly presses are a type of screw press that is operated manually or by motor through a friction drive. When powered they are called a Power Screw-Press. The flywheel or weight arm attached to the screw produces the driving force. The force of stopping the flywheel would produce a theoretically infinite force, however it is limited by the stretch of the heavy frame.

Fly presses

Arbor press

An arbor press is a small hand operated press. It is usually used to do smaller jobs, such as staking, riveting, installing and removing bearings and other press fit work. They are usually rated by the maximum load they can apply The base is usually a cast metal. A ram provides the force; it may be square or round. The ram is usually driven by a rack and pinion setup. Higher force arbor presses have another gear reduction.[1] Forces are usually generated by manual or hydraulic input .

Arbor press

Blanking press

Piercing press

Brake Press

Hydraulic press crushing car

4 Column Hydraulic Press

4 Column Hydraulic Press

C Frame Hydraulic Press (15 Ton)

C Frame Hydraulic Press (15 Ton)

C Frame Hydraulic Press (10 ton )

C Frame Hydraulic Press (10 ton )

Introduction
Pumping System Characteristics
Head
Resistance of the system Two types: static and friction
destination Stati c head

Static head
Difference in height between source and destination Independent of flow
Static head

source

Flow

Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
How do they work?
Liquid forced into impeller Vanes pass kinetic energy to liquid: liquid rotates and leaves impeller Volute casing converts kinetic energy into pressure energy

Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Rotating and stationary components

Type of Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Impeller

Main rotating part that provides centrifugal acceleration to the fluid

Number of impellers = number of pump stages Impeller classification: direction of flow, suction type and shape/mechanical construction

Shaft
Transfers torque from motor to impeller during pump start up and operation

Hydraulic Pump

The hydraulic pump transfers mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The pump takes hydraulic fluid from the reservoir and pushes it into a system as flow. All pumps work on the same basic principle

A vacuum is created at the pump inlet. The higher atmospheric pressure present in the tank pushes oil through the inlet passage and into the inlet chamber. The pump gears then push the oil out the pump outlet.

Pumps can be classified as two types

Positive displacement Non-positive displacement

Gear pump

Vane Pump

Vane Pump Operation

When the rotor rotates around the inside of the cam ring, the vanes slide in and out of the rotor slot to maintain the seal against the cam ring. As the vanes move out of the slotted rotor, the volume between the vanes increases. This creates a vacuum that allows oil to flow into the space. As the rotor continues to rotate, a decrease in the distance between the ring and the rotor causes a decrease in volume. The oil is then pushed out of that segment of the rotor into the outlet passage. Vane pumps have a maximum operating pressure of 4000 psi. 3300 psi in mobile applications.

Vane pump

Piston Pump

Bent Axis Piston Pump

Piston pump

Functions and basic types of control valve

There are four basic types of flow control elements employed in valve design . move a disc , or plug into or against an orifice ( for example , globe or needle type valve ). Slide a flat , cylindrical , or spherical surface across an orifice ( for example , gate and plug valves ) . Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice ( for example , a butterfly or ball valve ) . move a flexible material into the flow passage ( for example , diaphragm and pinch valves )

Types of valves

Gate valve

Body Globe Valve

Typical Ball Valve

Plug Valve

Weir Diaphragm Valve

Typical Butterfly Valve

Swing Check Valve

Stop Check Valve

Safty Valve

Solenoid Valve

Direct Acting Solenoid Valve

Thank You
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