Introduction

Modern displays-lightweight ,clear. Yet paper is important because of following reasonsReadability Strain less reading No power requirement High contrast ratio

Electronic ink

E ink a pioneering invention having advantages of modern displays and physical versatility of paper. Displays similar to paper but on which printed things could be changed as per our wish. Uses a small battery only when the printed text has to be changed.

History

Developed first by XEROX at its Paulo Alto Research Centre in 1970.it was called Gyricon. 1990s another electronic paper was discovered by Joseph Jacobson who later founded the corporation E-ink.

Technologies used

GYRICON ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS ELECTROWETTING DISPLAYS

GYRICON

Consisted of polyethylenespheres between 75 and 106 micrometers across. Each sphere is a dipole having a negatively charged black plastic on one side and +vely charged white plastic on other side. Voltage applied across spheres determines the type of pixel whether black or white.

Gyricon beads

Electrophoretic

An electrophoretic display forms visible images by rearranging charged pigment particles using an applied electric field .

Electrophoretic displays

Simplest implementation consists of titanium oxide particles dispersed in hydrocarbon oil. Particles move under the effect of elctrophoresis. Particles at top result in a white appearance as all light is reflected by high index titanium particles.

Electrophoretic displays

Developments in electrophoretic displays

Now uses tiny microcapsules filled with electrically charged white particles suspended in colored oil(usually black). This allows for flexible displays based on plastic sheets rather than conventional glass.

Electro wetting displays

Controls shape of water oil interface by the applied voltage. With no voltage applied, the (coloured) oil forms a flat film between the water and a hydrophobic (water-repellent) insulating coating of an electrode, resulting in a coloured pixel. When a voltage is applied between the electrode and the water, the interfacial tension between the water and the coating changes. As a result the stacked state is no longer stable, causing the water to move the oil aside. (transparent pixel)

Electro wetting displays

comparison

Advantages

Paper like readability. Ultra low power consumption. Ultimate mobile display solution. Twistable Simple manufacturing process.

Disadvantages

Cannot be used for sophisticated interactive display applications involving pointers ,menus etc. Blurring during transition or a slow zoom. Ghosting effects are prevalent.

Ghosting Effects

Applications

E-Paper based electronic shelf labels (ESL) are used to digitally show the prices at retail stores. Mobile phones-Motorola F-3 uses an electrophoretic display. USB drives use e paper display.

Applications

Applications

Applications

E book readers use e paper display. products are Amazon's kindle, Sony's prs-500 etc. In November 2009 Barnes and Noble launched the Barnes & Noble Nook, running an Android operating system. Changeable wallpapers for homes.

references

www.wikipedia.com

http://www.eink.com
http://www.eink.com/technology/index. html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eink_ghost.jpg