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  • 1 - Contents of The Air

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    Air is a mixture composed primarily of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. It surrounds Earth as the atmosphere. Several activities are described that demonstrate components of air - oxygen levels are shown to decrease as a candle burns; water condenses on the outside of a cold beaker, indicating the presence of water vapor; microorganisms grow on an agar plate exposed to air but not on a sealed plate; and more dust is visible on cellophane tape the more exposed it is to the outdoor environment. Air is classified as a mixture because its composition varies depending on factors like location, time of day, and human activity levels.

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    1- Contents of the Air

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    Air is a mixture composed primarily of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. It surrounds Earth as the atmosphere. Several activities are described that demonstrate components of air - oxygen levels are shown to decrease as a candle burns; water condenses on the outside of a cold beaker, indicating the presence of water vapor; microorganisms grow on an agar plate exposed to air but not on a sealed plate; and more dust is visible on cellophane tape the more exposed it is to the outdoor environment. Air is classified as a mixture because its composition varies depending on factors like location, time of day, and human activity levels.

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    21 views15 pages

    1 - Contents of The Air

    Uploaded by

    mizwhite
    Air is a mixture composed primarily of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. It surrounds Earth as the atmosphere. Several activities are described that demonstrate components of air - oxygen levels are shown to decrease as a candle burns; water condenses on the outside of a cold beaker, indicating the presence of water vapor; microorganisms grow on an agar plate exposed to air but not on a sealed plate; and more dust is visible on cellophane tape the more exposed it is to the outdoor environment. Air is classified as a mixture because its composition varies depending on factors like location, time of day, and human activity levels.

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    of 15

    THE AIR AROUND US

    CONTENTS OF THE AIR


    Air is matter in the form of gas. It supports all life forms on earth. Air is mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases. Air is invisible because air is colourless. However moving air can be felt and is known as wind. Earth is surrounded by layer of air called atmosphere.

    The composition of air


    The composition of The average percentage of its air components by volume Nitrogen 78% Oxygen Carbon dioxide Inert gases and others 21% 0.03% 0.97%

    Nitrogen is the largest component of air (78%). Oxygen is the second largest component of air (21%). Oxygen is needed for respiration. Carbon dioxide constitutes 0.03% of air. Carbon dioxide is needed by green plants for photosynthesis. Inert gases are unreactive; helium, argon, xenon, neon, krypton and radon.

    Air also contains water vapour, microorganisms and dust. Water vapour :The percentage of water vapour in air is known as humidity. Air humidity increases when the content of water vapour in air increases. Dust :Dust in air originates from particles of soil and smoke emitted by factories and vehicles. Microorganisms :Bacteria, viruses and fungi are found in air.

    Activity 1 : To show the percentage of oxygen in air


    Procedure 1. The space above the water level in a gas jar containing air was divided into 5 equal parts. 2. A light candle was placed inside the gas jar

    Observation

    The flame of the candle goes out after a little while. The water level rises to the level marked 1

    Activity 2 : To show that air contains water vapour


    Procedure The external surface of the beaker was wiped with a dry cloth. Some ice cubes were added into the beaker The beaker was left on the table for 5 minutes. The droplets of colourless liquid that form outside the beaker are tested with a blue cobalt chloride paper.

    Observation Droplets of the liquid are found on the external surface of the beaker. The colourless liquid changes the colour of cobalt chloride paper from blue to pink

    Activity 3 : To show that air contains microorganisms


    Procedure 1. Two petri dishes containing sterilised nutrient agar were prepared. 2. One of the petri dishes was sealed with cellophane tape. 3. The other petri dish was exposed to the air for 3 hours before being covered and sealed. 4. The nutrient agar in the petri dishes were observed with magnifying glass after 3 days

    Observation There is no colony of microorganisms on the sterilised nutrient agar that was not exposed to the air. There are many colonies of microorganisms on the sterilised nutrient agar was exposed to the air for 3 hours.

    Activity 4: To show that air contains dust


    Procedure Four strips of cellophane tape with the sticky surface facing upwards as shown. The glass slides were placed in four different places. The cellophane tape was observed after 2 hours by using magnifying glass.

    Observation
    Cellophane P Location In a covered petri dish In the laboratory In the school field Beside the road Observation No dust seen

    Q
    R S

    A little dusty
    Dusty Very dusty

    Why is air a mixture?


    1. 2. 3. The composition of air is not fixed. It changes according to : The time of the day The conditions of the environment Humans activities

    Example, - The air in a place which is crowded with people has a higher content of CO2 than the air in a less crowded place. - The air in a jungle has a higher content of oxygen than the air in an industrial area. All these examples show that the percentage of the components of air is not always the same. Therefore, we can say that air is a mixture.

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