SIGNAL PROCESSING WITH ANALOG CIRCUIT

Chun Lo

Analog circuit design

Main disadvantage: low precision

Due

to mismatch in analog circuit components such as transistors, resistors and capacitors e.g. Amplifiers: lower input signal dynamic range
Comparator: lower signal resolution Transistors: lower accuracy in current mode DAC

Advantage:
Less

power consumption Possibly smaller area

Mismatch correction

By trimming device
Larger

device, layout technique in component mismatch Autozeroing, correlated double sampling in amplifiers Cost of extra area, power and design complexity

By in herent programming elements

Floating

gate MOSFETs

First paper
Floating

Gates Transistors For Precision Analog circuit Design: An Overview Srinivasan, Graham and Hasler

Second paper
Floating Gate On chip Auditory Sensing System Interfaces Hasler, Smith, Graham, Ellis and Anderson
Analog

First paper

Structure of Floating Gate MOSFET

Programming

floating gate transistors Programming precision Charge retention

Application examples of Floating Gate MOSFET

Differential

pairs

DAC
ADC

MOSFET

MOS Transistor Floating Gate MOSFET

The

gate is completely surrounded by SiO2 No DC to ground Used in Flash memory, ROM

Programming FG-MOSFET

Setting the DC voltage Add or remove charge Mainly two methods

Fowler
As

Nordheim tunneling

a global eraser for all floating gates

Hot

electron injection

Program

each floating gate to the desired value individually

Programming precision

What is the smallest drain current change

I I o exp( Vg UT ) exp( Vs ) UT
) exp( Vs ) UT

I I I o exp(

(Vg Vg ) UT

Vg I exp( ) 1 I UT

Q CT

I Q exp( ) 1 I U T CT

A single electron change results in an 2.8 X 104 of accuracy or 12 bits

Charge Retention

Short term drift

Observed

immediately after programming Proportional to the amount of change that is programmed into the floating gate

Long term charge loss

Themionic

emission Related to both temperature and time

Applications

Differential pair DAC ADC

Second paper

Advance in analog VLSI circuits

Performance

close to DSP More option for designeer

Analog Digital Partition Signal Processing Circuits Noise Suppression for speech enhancement Speech Recognition

Analog Digital Partitioning

Power and space

No

overhead for tuning and programming Work in subthreshold save power

SN VS Cost

Analog Signal Processing

Noise suppression

Main Idea: Attenuate the noise components

Speech Recognition

HMMs
States,

transition probabilities and Hidden states are words, output is audio signal produced by speaker Recognition problem: what is the state of the system