BIBLIOGRAPHY

What is a Bibliography
A bibliography is an orderly list of resources on a
particular subject
A bibliography provides the full reference
information for all the sources which you may
have consulted in preparing a particular project
The purpose of a bibliography is to allow the
reader to trace the sources used

Bibliography should
include:

the authors' names

the titles of the works
the names and locations of the companies
that published your copies of the sources
the dates your copies were published
the page numbers of your sources (if they
are part of multi-source volumes)

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Distinguishing traits of a
Bibliography
1. The authors name is listed in reverse order-surname first-for the
purpose of alphabetizing.
2. The entry is generally presented in hanging-indention form. That
is the second and subsequent lines of an entry begin at a
uniform distance to the right of the beginning point of the first
line.
3. The entry gives the inclusive pages of articles, but not for books,
and does not refer to any one page or passage
4. Second and subsequent references to publications of the same
author are indicated by a uniform line.

Standard Citation Styles Used in a

Bibliography

There are various formats used in the creation of a bibliography such

as the American Psychological Association (APA), Modern
Language Association of America (MLA) and Chicago Manual of
Style and Council of Biology Editors (CBE)

The APA style of referencing is common in the papers written on topics

of social sciences; MLA style is used in field of humanities; and CBE is
a popular citation style in the natural sciences
Examples
MLA
For books
Author. Title of book: Subtitle. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Arnold, Francis. Greece. Texas: Steck-Vaughn, 1992.
APA
Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title.
Additional information. City of publication: Publishing company.

o
o
o

Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North America. Washington,

D.C.: National Geographic Society.

Making a Bibliography
For a Book
Author(last name first).Title of the book, City: Publisher, Date of publication

Example
Godin, Seth. Purple cow: Transform your business by being Remarkable.
New York: Upper Saddle River, 2002.

For an Encyclopedia
Encyclopedia Title, Edition Date. Volume Number, "Article Title," page
numbers

Example
The Encyclopedia Britannica 1997, Volume 7, Gorillas, pp 51-55.

For a magazine
Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of magazine. Volume number,
(Date): page numbers.

Example
Jordan, Jennifer, Filming on top of the world. Museum of Science Magazine.
Volume 7 (winter 1998) pp-11

For a Newspaper
Author (last name first), "Article Title." Name of newspaper, city, state of
publication. (date): edition if available, section, page number(s).

Example
Powers, Ann, New Trends The New York Times ,New York, NY(3/1/98),
Atlantic Region, Section 2 , p-3.

World Wide Web

URL (Uniform Resource Locator or WWW address). author (or
item's name, if mentioned), date.
Example
http://www.TheHindu.com.Todays news, August 1, 2012

Government Publications
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation. Healthy
Buildings, Healthy People: A vision for the 21st Century. October 2001.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/images/indoor_air_pollution.pdf.

Miscellaneous
Central Intelligence Agency. Commonwealth Of Independent States-Central
European States. Washington DC : Central Intelligence Agency, 2003. Map.

Enumerative bibliography
An enumerative bibliography is a
systematic list of books and other works
such as journal articles. Bibliographies
range from "works cited" lists at the end of
books and articles, to complete and
independent
publications.
A
notable
example of a complete, independent
publication is Gow's, A. E.

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Analytical Bibliography
analytical bibliography is concerned with
objective, physical analysis and history of a
book while descriptive bibliography employs
all data that analytical bibliography
furnishes and then codifies it with a view to
identifying the ideal copy or form of a book
that most nearly represents the printers
initial conception and intention in printing.

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Annotated Bibliography
An annotated bibliography is the same as a
bibliography with one important difference:
in
an
annotated
bibliography,
the
bibliographic information is followed by a
brief description of the content, quality, and
usefulness of the source.

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