Students will able

to understand the
concept of:

Probability of an
event
Probability of
the complement
of an event
Probability of
combined events

MATHEMATI
CS FORM 5
CHAPTER 7:
PROBABILIT
Y II
Oleh:
Pn. Azlina Binti Md. Ali
Guru Cemerlang
Matematik

Chap 7: Form 5

PREVIOUS LESSON
Listing:
Sample space
Outcomes

TRY THIS:
1.

Jasmin rolled a fair dice. List the

sample space

Answer:
Sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Chap 7: Form 5
1.

A box contains 8 cards as shown

below. Siti randomly picks one of the
cards from the box

List the sample space

Aswer:
Sample space (S) = {M, A1, L, A2, Y, S, I,
A3}

Chap 7: Form 5
List the sample space when
chosen a letter from the word
MALAYSIA.
Aswer:
Sample space (S) = {M, A, L, Y, S, I}

3.

4.

List the sample space

when a fair coin is
tossed.

Aswer:
Sample space (S) = {Head, Tail}

Chap 7: Form 5

CALCULATE THE PROBAILITY

Chap 7: Form 5

CONCEPT OF PROBABILITY
1.

A box contained 3 blue and 2

yellow balls. A ball is picked
at random from the box. Find
the probability of picking
i. a blue ball.
ii. a yellow ball

Aswer:

i.

Sample space (S) = {b1, b2, b3, y1,

y2}
=

Chap 7: Form 5
2.

A tray has 9 white marbles and 12 yellow

marbles. A marble is picked at random from the
tray.
i. What is the probability of picking a yellow
marble?
ii. If 6 more white marbles are put into the tray,
find the probability of picking a white marble.

Aswer:

i. n(W) = 9
n(Y) = 12
n(S) = 21
P(Y) = =

ii. n(W) = 9 + 6
n(Y) = 12
n(S) = 21 + 6
P(W) = =

Chap 7: Form 5
2.

A box contains 80 red paper clips and 60 blue paper

clips.
i. A paper clip is picked at random from the box. What
is the probability of picking a red paper clip?
ii. After removing a certain number of blue paper clips,
a paper clip is picked at random from the box. Given
that the probability of picking a red paper clip is ,
find the number of blue paper clips which were
removed.

Aswer:

i. n(R) = 80
n(B) = 60
n(S) = 140
P(R) = =

ii. n(R) = 80
n(B) = 60 x
n(S) = 140 x

=
560 4x = 400
x =
= 40

Chap 7: Form 5
3. The table below shows the number of members in
three different clubs. A member is picked
randomly from the clubs
Club
Number
of
member
s

Scienc
e
180

Mathemati
cs
X

Compute
r
210

If the probability of picking a member from the

computer club is 7 , find the value of x
20
Solution:

Let P(computer club) =

So,

x = 210

Chap 7: Form 5

PROBABILITY OF THE
COMPLEMENT OF AN EVENT
In
1.

a driving test, the probability of

student passing the test is . What is the
probability of a student failing the test?

Solution:

P(failing the test) = 1

Chap 7: Form 5
2.

A box has three types of pen; red, blue and black.

A pen is selected at random. If the probability of

selecting blue pen and black pen are and
respectively, calculate the probability of selecting
red pen.

Solution:

Let P(Blue) =
P(Black) =

So, P(red) = 1
=

Chap 7: Form 5

PROBABILITY OF THE
COMBINED EVENTS (or , and)
2 METHOD:
METHOD 1: By listing the outcomes, draw a tree diagram
METHOD 2: By calculation

Chap 7: Form 5
1.

A coin and a dice are tossed together. Find the

probability of getting:
i. Head or even number.
ii. Head and even number

METHOD 1: By listing the outcomes, draw a tree diagram

H1

2
3
4
5
6

H2
H3
H4
H5
H6

T1

2
3
4
5
6

T2
T3
T4
T5
T6

There fore the sample space

of the experiment is:S = { H1, H2, H3, H4, H5,
H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
T6 }

Chap 7: Form 5
S = { H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 }
n(S) = 12
From the sample space, find the probability of getting:
i. Head or even number.
ii. Head and even number
Solution:

i) (Head or even) = { H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T2, T4, T6 }
n(Head even)= 9
P(HE)= =
ii) (Head and even) = { H2, H4, H6 }
n(Head even)= 3
P(H E)= =

Chap 7: Form 5
1.

A box contained a blue and 2 yellow

balls. 2 balls are picked from the
box one by one after replacement.
Find the probability of picking
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls

Solution:
B

Y1

Y2

(B, B)

Y1

(B, Y1)

Y2

(B, Y2)

(Y1, B)

Y1

(Y1, Y1)

Y2

(Y1, Y2)

(Y2, B)

Y1

(Y2, Y1)

Y2

(Y2, Y2)

There for the sample space

of the experiment is:S = { (B,B), (B,Y1),
(B,Y2), (Y1,B),
(Y1,Y1), (Y1,Y2),
(Y2,B), (Y2,Y1),
(Y2,Y2) }

Chap 7: Form 5
S = { (B,B), (B,Y1), (B,Y2), (Y1,B), (Y1,Y1), (Y1,Y2),
(Y2,B), (Y2,Y1), (Y2,Y2) }
n(S) = 9
From the sample space, find the probability of getting:
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls
Solution:
i) (B or Y) = { (B,B), (B,Y1), (B,Y2), (Y1,B), (Y1,Y1),
(Y1,Y2), (Y2,B), (Y2,Y1), (Y2,Y2) }
n(B Y)= 9
P(BY)=
ii) (Y and Y) = { (Y1,Y1), (Y1,Y2), (Y2,Y1), (Y2,Y2) }
n(Y Y)= 4
P(Y Y)=

Chap 7: Form 5
1.

A box contained 1 blue and 2 yellow

balls. 2 balls are picked from the
box one by one without replacement.
Find the probability of picking
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls

Solution:
B

Y1

Y2

Y1

(B, Y1)

Y2

(B, Y2)

(Y1, B)

Y2

(Y1, Y2)

(Y2, B)

Y1

(Y2, Y1)

There for the sample space

of the experiment is:S = {(B,Y1), (B,Y2),
(Y1,B), (Y1,Y2),
(Y2,B), (Y2,Y1), }

Chap 7: Form 5
S = { (B,Y1), (B,Y2), (Y1,B), (Y1,Y2), (Y2,B), (Y2,Y1)}
n(S) = 6
From the sample space, find the probability of getting:
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls
Solution:
i) (B or Y) = { (B,Y1), (B,Y2), (Y1,B), (Y1,Y2), (Y2,B),
(Y2,Y1),}
n(B Y)= 6
P(BY)=
ii) (Y and Y) = { (Y1,Y2), (Y2,Y1)}
n(Y Y)= 2
P(Y Y)=

Chap 7: Form 5

PROBABILITY OF THE
COMBINED EVENTS (or , and)

If A

and B are two events:

a)

P(A or B) = P(A B)
If A and B are mutually
exclusive
= P(A) + P(B)

b)

P(A or B) = P(A B)
= P(A) + P(B)
P(AB)

c)

P(A and B) = P(A B)

= P(A) x P(B)

If A and B are not

mutually exclusive

If A and B are independent

events

Chap 7: Form 5
METHOD 2: By calculation
1.

A coin and a dice are tossed together. Find the

probability of getting:
i. Head or even number.
1. Getting head or even
ii. Head and even number
number
= (H,E) or (H,O) or
(T,E)
1
2

1
2

3
6

H,E

3
6

P(H or E)= (x) + (x) + (x)

=

H,O

3
6

T,E

3
6

T,O

2. Getting head and even

number
= (H,E)
P(H and E) = (x)
=

Chap 7: Form 5
1.

A box contained a blue and 2 yellow

balls. 2 balls are picked from the
box one by one after replacement.
Find the probability of picking
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls

Solution: 1
3
1
B
3
2
3
1
3
2
Y
2
3
3

1. Picking blue or yellow ball

= (B,B) or (B,Y) or (Y,B) or (Y,Y)
B (B, B)
Y (B, Y)
B (Y, B)
Y (Y, Y)

P(H or E)= (x) + (x) + (x) + (x)

=1
2. Picking 2 yellow balls
= (Y,Y)
P(H and E) = (x)
=

Chap 7: Form 5
A box contained a blue and 2 yellow
balls. 2 balls are picked from the
box one by one without replacement.
Find the probability of picking
i. Blue or yellow ball.
ii. 2 yellow balls

1.

1. Picking blue or yellow ball

= (B,Y) or (Y,B) or (Y,Y)

Solution:
1
3

2
3

2
2

B
1
2

1
2

Y (B, Y)

P(H or E)= (x) + (x) + (x)

=1

B (Y, B)
Y (Y, Y)

2. Picking 2 yellow balls

= (Y,Y)
P(H and E) = (x)
=

Chap 7: Form 5
2.

There are 5 red roses and 6 yellow

roses in the garden. 2 roses are
plucked at random. Find the
probability of plucking:
i. 1 red rose and 1 yellow rose.
ii. Both are yellow roses
iii.At least one red rose