100G Client Interface Evolution

Guylain Barlow
JDSU Network & Service Enablement

Agenda

Market Evolution
100G Transceiver volumes

High-Speed Client Interfaces

Emerging Interface Types
Optics form Factor Evolution
Data Center Influence on Form Factors

Validating high-speed optics

Evolution to 400G

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100G Interface Evolution

100G is now dominant in long-haul
LR4 most popular as a client telecom interface
Data Center though is a key growth area

Infonetics 10G/40G/100G
Optical Transceivers Oct. 2014

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High Speed Interface Types

Interfaces & Form Factors

Current 100GE Interface Types

IEEE 802.3ba
Interface

Reach

Medium

Parallelism

Standard

100GBASE-ER4

40 km

SMF

4 / dir

802.3ba

100GBASE-LR4

10 km

SMF

4 / dir

802.3ba

10x10 MSA (LR10)

2 or 10 km

SMF

10 / dir

10x10 MSA

100GBASE-SR10

100 m
125 m

OM3 MMF
OM4 MMF

10 fibers / dir

802.3ba

100GBASE-SR4

70 m
100 m

OM3 MMF
OM4 MMF

10 fibers / dir

802.3bm

100GBASE-CR10

7m

Twin-axial
electrical

10 cables / dir

802.3ba

100GBASE-CR4

4m

Twin-axial
electrical

10 cables / dir

802.3bm

Main applications:
LR4: Most common interface in telecom by far
Key missing need is for reaches between 100m and 10km data center
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100G Pluggables Industry Roadmap

Client optics

Current LR4 generation is the CFP2 with CFP4 soon coming

CFP2 client optics are a 100G network enabler: lower power, lower cost and
higher density

10 physical
electrical lanes

4 physical
electrical lanes

LR4 to 4

CFP

10G I/O

LR4 to 4
CFP2

25G I/O (or 10G)

CFP

LR4

CFP4
LR4 &
SR10

(2015/2016)

CFP2

CXP

CPAK

(2016)

Already in alpha/beta
version

Now

SR10

QSFP28

CFP2/CFP4 for telecom for increased

power & distance
QSFP28 for data center for small size &
low cost

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Compare to 10GE
A lot of form factors for 100GE to optimize
There were even more for 10GE!
25GE (802.3by)
SFP28
SFP+
XFP
X2

Xenpak

XPAK

300-pin MSA

2000

2010
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Data Center Growth: 100G

Data Center core moving to 100G
Fueling the development of 25GE interfaces to Top of Rack Switches
Strong need for low cost client interfaces

Infonetics 10G/40G/100G
Optical Transceivers Oct. 2014
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100GE Client Connectivity Needs

Costly optics have kept 100G out of the datacenter this is

about to change
Data Center
Backbone (inter-building) connects MDF (Main Distribution
Frame) to MDF. SMF between buildings
In-building MDF connects to Distribution Switches
100m is often too short a distance
10km is too costly
Ribbon cables becoming common

Telecom
Current 10 km interface reaches most customers not all
Key metro distance of 20 km+ becoming a requirement
Need 20km to 40km interface
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Upcoming 100GE Client Interfaces: 1 to 3 years away

Considerations for new interfaces based on 25G I/O for data
centers:
100GBASE-SR4

(802.3bm)

Four lanes on MMF 100 m. Key innovation is use of FEC RS(528,514)

at PCS layer

100GE PSM4 (PSM4 MSA)

SMF in the 1310 nm range for target distance of 500 m (also uses FEC)

100GE CWDM4 (CWDM4 MSA) & CLR4 & OpenOptics

SR4 125m

Discussions around 2 km range interface for SMF

PSM4 500m

CWDM4 2km
CLR4 2km
OpenOptics MSA 2km+

In addition the following are being mentioned:

100GE ER4-lite
Similar to ER4 for 40km but with use of FEC at PCS layer

Clear migration to all x4 interfaces for 100GE

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SR4 100GE Sublayers

From IEEE 802.3bj

IP
LLC

Logical Link Control

MAC

Media Access Control

RS
OSI Model
Layer 4

Transport

Layer 3

Network

Layer 2

Data Link

Layer 1

Physical

Reconciliation Sublayer
(100) Gigabit Media Independent Interface

CGMII
100GBASE-R PCS

Physical Coding Sublayer

Reed Solomon Forward Error Correction

RS-FEC
PMA

Physical Medium Attachment

PMD

Physical Medium Dependent

MDI

Medium Dependent Interface

Medium

100GBASE-SR4

MM fiber at 25Gb/s has a lot of dispersion causing ISI, a FEC is

required to get a link to work
The same FEC block is used for passive copper, backplanes,
SR4 and PSM4/CWDM4/CLR4/ER4-lite
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RS-FEC
RS(528,514) used for 100GEBASE-SR4 (and KR4 and CR4),
PSM4, CWDM4, ER4-lite
Symbol size of 10 bits
7 correctable symbols per FEC block
14 detectable symbol errors

Use of 64b/66b PCS to 256b/257b transcoder for RS-FEC layer

(maintain throughput)
Such that the 100GE information rate remains 103.125 Gbits/s (25G per
lane)
symbol

Redundant area (14 symbols)

symbol

symbol

symbol

Message area (514 symbols)

FEC Block (528 symbols)

Error Correction extends transmission distance for 25Gb/s lanes

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PSM4

Industry Consortium Group

Avago, Brocade, Delta Electronics, Finisar, JDSU, Juniper, Luxtera,
MACOM, Microsoft, Oclaro, Panduit, US Conec

Low cost solution to extend reach within data center for

100Gbps interconnects
Reach of 500m on parallel (ribbon) single mode fiber
infrastructure
Sufficient within many data centers
Max power per lane: 2dBm, total of 8 dBm

Use of digital FEC to keep costs down

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CWDM4 & CLR4

1217nm

1291nm

1311nm

1331nm

CWDM4 targets a common specification for low cost 100G

optical interfaces up to 2 km
Data center applications
Uses Coarse WDM technology with 4 lanes of 25 Gb/s on SMF
CLR4 has similar targets to above at same wavelengths
CWDM4 and CLR4 to interwork with CLR4 FEC on
CWDM4

CLR4

Tx Max power per

lane

2.5 dBm

2.5 dBm

Rx Min power per

lane

-11.5 dBm

-12.5dBm (with FEC)

-10 dBm (no FEC)

FEC

Yes

Yes or No

Universal concept

Module convertible between SMF and MMF (shorter distance)

Can be aligned to CWDM4 wavelengths
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ER4-Lite

Key goal is to enable Metro and business services

deployments with longer reach client interface
Current ER4 IEEE 820.3ba standard exists for 40km
No FEC
Technically challenging

Concept of ER4-Lite
Similar to ER4 BUT with potential use of RS(528, 514) FEC to
reach 40km
Proposed APD based specification for 40km reach

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Connectivity
SR10
MMF ribbon, 10Gb/s
24 fibers: 10 active/dir
Flat MPO/MTP connector

SR4
MMF ribbon, 25Gb/s
12 fibers: 4 active/dir
Flat MPO/MTP connector

PSM4
SMF ribbon, 25Gb/s
12 fibers: 4 active/dir
Angled MPO/MTP connector

CWDM4 / CLR4

Duplex SMF, 25Gb/s /

LR4/ER4
Duplex SMF, 25Gb/s /
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Data Center Form Factor Challenges

In 1st gen 100G switches and routers, the smaller CXP form factor
was used with MMF ribbon cables (SR10)
CFP or CFP2 is used for SMF transceivers
This forced compromises as CXP ports could not be used with
SMF
The QSFP28 form factor is set to resolve this dilemma
A 1 rack-unit (RU) switch can accommodate up to 36 QSFP ports on
the front faceplate

CXP
CFP
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Generic Industry Roadmap

This is approximate to give a general idea of interface vs. form factor
This does not represent the view of any specific optics vendor
CFP

Now

LR4 SR10
ER4

CFP2

CFP4

QSFP28

LR4 SR10
ER4
ER4-lite

LR4 CWDM4
SR4
ER4-lite

PSM4 CWDM4
LR4
SR4
CLR4

Telecom
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Data Centers
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Front Panel Relative Density

QSFP28 increases front-panel density by 250% over 40G QSFP+
Lane speeds are increases 2.5-fold from 10 Gbps to 25 Gbps
Both are the same form factor

The increase in density is also considerable compared to other

100G form factors
280%+ versus CFP2
146%+ versus CFP4
4 x CFP
8 x CFP2
Belly-to-belly
16 x CFP4
24 x QSFP28
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What about Coherent Pluggables?

Slowly becoming available

Common digital
interface

Benefit is to have single line card supporting line

or client interfaces

Unit

CFP & CFP2 exist for LR4, ER4, SR10

DSP CFP

Coherent pluggables to support DPQPSK; currently available

Integrated CFP

CFP

Common digital interface

Large pluggable size

CFP2

DSP to
Complex analog interface
interoperate with
multiple CFP2
Unit
vendors

Smaller, lower cost optics

Challenging electrical bus with off-optics DSP

DSP

CFP2

Decoupled CFP2

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Pluggable Characterization

Testing Pluggable Optics: Anatomy of Requirements

Field Troubleshooting
requires PERFORMANCE checking
Get acceptable error rate performance

R&D and qualification

require COMPLIANCE testing
Validate designs
Compliance
Check pattern sensitivity and crosstalk
across lanes

Performance
Focus on Error Rate performance
Test within clock tolerances

Dynamic skew
Clock Tolerances, nominal jitter
Verify receiver sensitivity

Verify operation within specified optical

power range

Functionally verify communications with

optics module (MDIO)

Note: Skew testing does not add to field

test reliability not required

Electrical bus signal control

QSFP28

CFP2

CFP4
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CFP
22

BERT Testing Optics

Performance Test times depend on 3 factors:
- Data Rate
- Confidence Level
- BER Threshold

Bit Error Rate Test Time for a 95% Confidence Level depends on the line rate
and BER target:
95% CL 100GE
BER
Sec
Min
hrs
1E-12 29.09
0.48
1E-13
4.85
1E-14
48.48
0.81
1E-15
8.08

New element with RS-FEC interfaces

99% CL 100GE
BER
Sec
Min
hrs
44.6
0.7
1E-12
7.4

1E-13

74.3

1E-14

1.24
12.39

1E-15

Pre-FEC tests (error rate BEFORE applying FEC)

Post-FEC results (error rate AFTER FEC correction)
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Compliance Testing Examples

Electrical
bus pulses

Frequency
Variations

Crosstalk
patterns

Dynamic
Skew

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Line Side Impairment Testing

CLIENT SIDE (IEEE)
Data + Optical Stress

100GE Client

LINE SIDE (ITU/OIF)

100G Coherent

JDSU MAP

Optical Stress
JDSU ONT
or
MTS/T-BERD

Run 100GE BER tests

- Error Rate Results

Loop traffic on MAP

Measure OSNR Penalty - OSNR is the new
measure of distance
Control Loss via attenuator
Manipulate OSNR via ASE source & EDFA
Scramble polarization fiber emulation
Simulate ROADM Network
Perform optical filtering to affect signal
shape
Simulate Fiber
Scramble polarization

For all tests, error evaluation through BER results

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Evolution to 400G

400GE Client Considerations

400GE Client under discussion at IEEE 802.3bs

Discussions include 8 lanes @ 50G and 4 lanes @ 100G
2015 view toward 2017 standard All unconfirmed
400GBASE-SR16 & PSM4 (or 8) for data centers
400GBASE-LR8 for telecom
Use of higher order modulation (HOM) both electrical & optically
PAM-4 => adopted March 2015 for electrical interface

Ethernet-level FEC mandatory

No more error free native links can assume < 10^-6 pre-FEC BER!
Media

Interface

Electrical Lanes

Optical
Modulation

MMF 100m

400GBASE-SR16

25G-per fiber

NRZ

SMF 500m

400GBASE-PSM4

100G-per fiber

PAM-4

SMF 2km

400GBASE-FR4

50G-

PAM-4

SMF 10km

400GBASE-LR8

50G-
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Per Fiber Type Summary

Courtesy Ethernet Alliance

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400GE Pluggable Form Factors under Considerations

Possible 400GE pluggable optics:

CDFP, mostly for active cables (short distance)

Telecom form factors undecided

Possibly will use CFP2

May land on a CD-QSFP (QSFP sized) form factor in the very

long run

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Early Test Products

400GE module on ONT

Demonstrated at OFC 2015
Pre-standard 400GE based on 25G I/O 4xCFP2
Design to accelerate 400G product development, validation
and inter-operation

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Q&A