A POWERPOINT PRESENTAION

ON READY-MIX CONCRETE

 RMC IN INDIA:
In India RMC was first initially was used in
1950 during the construction sites of
Dams like Bhakra Nangal, Koyna. At the
construction the transportation of concrete
is done by either manually or mechanically
using ropeways & buckets or conveyor
systems.

 General introduction:

Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) is a specialized material in which

the cement aggregates and other ingredients are weigh-batched
at
a plant in a central mixer or truck mixer, before delivery to the
construction site in a condition ready for placing by the builder.
Thus, `fresh' concrete is manufactured in a plant away from the
construction site and transported within the requisite journey
time. The RMC supplier provides two services, firstly one of
processing the materials for making fresh concrete and
secondly, of transporting a product within a short time

ADVANTAGES

A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area.

The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet the
delivery trucks can service residential districts or inner cities.
Better quality concrete is produced.
Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site.
Elimination of hiring of plant and machinery.
Wastage of basic materials is avoided.
Labors associated with production of concrete is eliminated.
Time required is greatly reduced.
Noise and dust pollution at site is reduced.

 ADVANTAGE OF RMC
RMC is preferred to on-site concrete mixing because
of the precision of the mixture and reduced worksite
confusion. It facilitates speedy construction through
programmed delivery at site and mechanized
operation with consequent economy. It also
decreases labor, site supervising cost and project
time, resulting in savings. Proper control and
economy in use of raw material results in saving of
natural resources. It assures consistent quality
through accurate computerized control

 DISADVANTAGES: The materials are batched at a central plant, and the

mixing begins at that plant, so the traveling time from the
plant to site is critical over longer distances.
Access roads, and site access have to be able to carry
the weight of the truck and load concrete is approx
2.5tonne per comm.
concretes limited time span between mixing and going-off
means that ready-mix should be placed within 2hours of
batching at the plant

 Disadvantages of ready-mix concrete:-

The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing begins at
that plant, so the traveling time from the plant to the site is critical over
longer distances. Some sites are just too far away, though this is usually
a commercial rather than a technical issue.
Generation of additional road traffic. Furthermore, access roads and site
access have to be able to carry the greater weight of the ready-mix truck
plus load. (Green concrete is approx. 2.5 tone per m.) This problem can
be overcome by utilizing so-called 'mini mix' companies which use
smaller 4m capacity mixers able to reach more-restricted sites.
Concrete's limited time span between mixing and curing means that
ready-mix should be placed within 210 minutes of batching at the plant.
[2] Modern admixtures can modify that time span precisely, however, so
the amount and type of admixture added to the mix is very important.

 Standard ready-mix concrete vs. site-mix

concrete centralized concrete batching plant can serve a

wide area. Site-mix trucks can serve an even larger area
including remote locations that standard trucks can not.
The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and
yet the delivery trucks can service residential districts or inner
cities. Site-mix trucks have the same capabilities.
Better quality concrete is produced. Site mix can produce
higher compression strength with less water than standard
batching methods.

 MIXING PROCESS:
Thorough mixing of the materials is essential for the
production of uniform concrete. The mixing should
ensure that the mass becomes homogeneous, uniform
in color and consistency. There are three methods
adopted for mixing Ready Mix Concrete.
Following are the three types of mixing process of RMC
1. Transit Mixed (or "truck-mixed") Concrete
2. Shrink Mixed Concrete
3. Central Mixed Concrete

 TRANSIT MIXING: It is delivered to the worksite, often in transit mixers capable of mixing the
ingredients of the concrete just before the delivery of batch. This results in a
precise mixture, allowing specialty concrete mixtures to be developed and
implemented on construction sites. The second option available is to mix the
concrete at the batching plant and deliver the mixed concrete to the site in an
agitator truck, which keeps the mixed concrete in correct form.

CENTRALLY MIX: In the case of the centrally mixed type, the drum carrying the concrete revolves
slowly so as to prevent the mixed concrete from "segregation" and prevent its
stiffening due to initial set. However, in the case of the truck-mixed concrete, the
batched materials (sand, gravel and cement) are carried and water is added
just at the time of mixing. In this case the cement remains in contact with the
wet or moist material and this phase cannot exceed the permissible period,
which is normally 90 minutes.
The use of the RMC is facilitated through a truck-mounted 'boom placer' that
can pump the product for ready use at multi-storied construction sites. A boom
placer can pump the concrete up 80 meters.

 Transit Mixed (or "truck-mixed") Concrete: In transit-mixed concrete, also called truck mixed or dry-batched, all of
the raw ingredients are charged directly in the truck mixer. Most or all
water is usually batched at the plant.

Concrete mixed at the job site:- While traveling to the job site the
drum is turned at agitating speed (slow speed). After arriving at the
job site, the concrete is completely mixed.
Concrete mixed in the yard:- The drum is turned at high speed or
12-15 rpm for 50 revolutions. This allows a quick check of the batch.
The concrete is then agitated slowly while driving to the job site.
Concrete mixed in transit:- The drum is turned at medium speed or
about 8 rpm for 70 revolutions while driving to the job site. The drum
is then slowed to agitating speed.

 Time in Transport:
The general requirement is that concrete shall be
discharged from the truck mixer within 2 hours of the
time of loading. However, longer period may be
permitted if retarding admixtures are used or in cool
humid weather or when chilled concrete is produced

SAMPLING AND TESTING OF READYMIXED CONCRETE (As per IS 49262003):

For the assessment of compliance of ready-mixed concrete, the point and the
time of sampling shall be
at the discharge from the producers delivery vehicle or from the mixer to the site
or when delivered
into the purchasers vehicle.

Volumetric concrete mixer

As an alternative to ready-mix concrete, volumetric mobile
mixers may be used to provide metered concrete services.
The volumetric mobile mixer is a truck that contains
concrete ingredient materials and water to be mixed on the
truck at the job site to make and deliver concrete according
to the amount needed. The on-truck mixing at the job site
eliminates the problems of ready-mix concrete such as
delays that can cause the pre-mixed concrete to become
unusable. This is a hybrid approach between ready-mix
concrete and traditional on-site mixing.[3]

 A volumetric concrete mixer (also known as volumetric mobile mixer

and metered concrete truck) is a truck that contains concrete
ingredient materials and water to be mixed on the truck at the job
site to make and deliver concrete according to the amount needed.
[1]
The mixer is a mixing device that measures the raw materials using
volume rather than weight. The volumetric mixer blends the concrete
mixture using an auger or a paddle or a drum device to mix the
ingredients with water. The volumetric mixing process starts with a
batch metering system that allows the volume of raw materials to be
measured prior to entering the mixing chamber. This process can be
as simple as using a measured bucket, to highly sophisticated and
computerized batch plants that feed the correct volume.[2]

 Standard ready-mix concrete vs. site-mix concrete

A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area.
Site-mix trucks can serve an even larger area including
remote locations that standard trucks can not.
The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and
yet the delivery trucks can service residential districts or
inner cities. Site-mix trucks have the same capabilities.
Better quality concrete is produced. Site mix can produce
higher compression strength with less water than standard
batching methods.

 Table 1 Assumed Standard Deviation

Grade of Concrete Assumed Standard
Deviation N/sq.mm
M 10
3.5
M 15
M 20
4.0
M 25
M 30
5.0
M 35
M 40
M 45
M 50

 ADMIXTURE:

A substance added to the basic concrete mixture to alter one or more

properties of the concrete; i.e. fibrous materials for reinforcing, water
repellent treatments, and coloring compounds.
Air-entraining admixtures (mainly used in concrete exposed to freezing
and thawing cycles)
Water-reducing admixtures, plasticizers (reduce the dosage of water
while maintaining the workability)
Retarding admixtures (mainly used in hot weather to retard the reaction
of hydration)
Accelerating admixtures (mainly used in cold weather to accelerate the
reaction of hydration)
Super plasticizer or high range water-reducer (significantly reduce the
dosage of water while maintaining the workability)
Miscellaneous admixtures such as corrosion inhibiting, shrinkage
reducing, coloring, pumping etc.

BATCHING PLANT

THANK YOU

SANTANU MAHATO(52702)
SOURAV CHANDRA MAHATO(52718)
SOUMEN PATRA(52716)
SOUMYADIP SAMANTA(52717)
RAKHAL MAHATHA(52695)