Equation

Continuous

time system- to- Discrete

time system

, sampling period

Equation
Discrete

time system toContinuous time system

, sampling period

Example
A simple low-pass RC filter. This continuoustime filter has a transfer function
If we wish to implement this filter as a digital
filter, we can apply the bilinear transform by
substituting s for the formula in previous slide.

Solution

Example
Find

the of a second order Butterworth-type

IIR lowpass filter with .

H a (s) = 1 / (1 + 2 s + s 2 )

Solution

Pre-warped frequency c= 2tan( / 2)
= 2tan( / 8) = 0.828
Replace T by 0.828, then replace s by