Chapter 2 Operational Amplifiers

Introduction
http://engr.calvin.edu/PRibeiro_WEBPAGE/courses/engr311/Handouts/OpAmp-tutorial-1.ppt
Textbook CD
http://www.clarkson.edu/%7Esvoboda/eta/designLab/InvertingAmplifierDesign.html

The OP-AMP Terminals

Symbol
Power Supplies

Fairchild uA702 The first op-amp designed by Bob Widlar

The OP-AMP Terminals

The OP-AMP Terminals

The Ideal OP-AMP

Inverting

i(-)
vid

Noninverting

i(+)

RO
Ri

Output
vO = Advid

+
-VS

Open-loop gain
Exercise 2.2

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

The Inverting Configuration

Closed-Loop Gain
Virtual Short-Circuit
Virtual Ground
Negative and Positive Feedback
The inverting closed-loop configuration.

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

The Closed-Loop Gain

Analysis of the inverting configuration

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain
v o

vI

vI

i1

vo

R1
v o
A

v o
A

R2

vo

R1

R1

i1 R2

vI

vo

1 R2

R1

vI

vo

R2

R1

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

Exercise 2.1

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

Input and Output Resistances

Ri

vI

vI

iI

vI
R1

Ro

R1

Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS

Exercise 2.2

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

With General Impedances
R2

Z2
i

R1

Z1
vo
vs

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Integrator

i
is

vo( t)

ivs

1
v I( t ) d t
C R

vo

Vo

VI

s C R

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

PSpice Simulation Tips

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Differentiator
Z2 = R
R2

Z1 = 1/sC
i

R1
vo

vs

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Weighted Summer

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Non-Inverting Configuration

v2 v1
vo

vi

vo
vI

vI

vo
A
vI
R1
R2
R1

A
R2

infinite

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Voltage Follower

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Difference Amplifier

A difference amplifier.

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Difference Amplifier

Applications of superposition to the analysis of the current circuit of Fig.. 2.21.

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Difference Amplifier Input Resistances

Finding the input resistance of the difference amplifier.

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

The Difference Amplifier Common-Mode and Differential
Components of the input signal

Representation of the common-mode and differential components of the input signal to a difference amplifier. Note that v1 = vCM - vd/2
and v2 = vCM + vd/2.

Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration

Instrumentation Amplifier

(a) A popular circuit for an instrumentation amplifier. (b) Analysis of the circuit in (a) assuming ideal op-amps. (c) To make the gain
variable, R1 is implemented as the series combination of a fixed resister R1f and a variable resistor R1v. Resistor R1f ensures that the
maximum available gain is limited.

Effect Of Finite Open-Loop Gain and Bandwidth On Circuit

Performance

Open-loop gain of a typical general-purpose internally

compensated op amp.

fb = 3-db or break frequency

ft = unity gain bandwidth

(a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform. (c) Linearly rising output waveform obtained when the amplifier is slew-rate
limited. (d) Exponentially rising output waveform obtained when V is sufficiently small so that the initial slope (wtV) is smaller then
or equal to SR.

Effect of slew-rate limiting on output sinusoidal waveforms.