In the Name of Allah

The Most Beneficent

The Most Merciful

Vertical Seismic
Profiling
VSP

EPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERIN

UET LAHORE

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTALS
PARAMETERS
ACQUISITION
INTERPRETATION
APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

It is a measurement where the seismic

source is
still at the surface but the receivers
are lowered
down into a borehole.

FUDAMENTALS

Fundamentals

Fundamentals

PARAMETERS

VSP Parameters
About 50 to 100 feet between
geophones.
Can be adjusted for non-zero offset
VSP.
Usually a mechanical source so that
it can be repeated and the data
stacked (summed).

WHY

Because

Higher spatial resolution

Give a better image around the borehole
Especially for the salt dome cases
VSP can provide a pre complete image when
surface seismic data fails due to the
steepness of the salt boundaries.
The correlation with the surface seismic to
define the actual formation boundaries on the
surface seismic
It can see reflectors below the well-bottom.

Why Vertical Seismic Profiling

(VSP)

High-resolution imaging example

Representation of a 3D
VSP imaging survey.
(Hornby et al., 2006)
13

ACQUISITION

Types of VSP Surveys

Types of VSP Surveys

3D VSP

INTERPRETATION

VSP Data Interpretation

Up going primaries
and multiples

T1= 2T1-TG
T2= 2T2-TG
TM= 4T1-2T2-TG

VSP Data Interpretation

Down going
surface and
interbedded
multiples

TM= 2T1-2T2+TG

APPLICATIONS

VSP Applications
Velocity estimation. This is usually called a
check-shot survey.
Precise correlation of surface seismic data
with depth and the well-logs.
Separation of primary reflections from
multiples for guidance in seismic section.
Calibrate reflectivity coefficients from well log
data.
Provide seismic data processing parameters
velocity, multiple suppression, deconvolution.