Metrology

Experimentation
PROF.MD.KHALED KHALIL

Pole
Piece
Coil
Armatur
e

Work
Piece

Ski
d

Coil

Radius Measurement Using Surface Plate and Rollers

Radius Measurement Using

Surface Plate and roller
According to Pythagoras theorem
In right angled triangle, ABC

AC

d
R
2

AB BC
2

d
M d
R

2
2

M - d
From which R
8d

Geometry of the Fixed Roller

Instrument
d
From triangle ABC, a h
2

From right angled triang le ABC,

2

d
d
c
c
2
R R a R h
2
2

2
2

c
d h
After simplification , R

8h
2
2


c
d h
We know, R

8h
2
2
c
d h

8h 2 2
2

The possible error in the

radius

R
R
R
R
.h
.c
.d
h
c
d
1 c2
c
1
2 .h .c .d
4h
2
2 8h

Slip
gauge

Work
piece

Sine
Bar

Dial
gauge
Rolle
r

d
AC s
2
In triangle
ACD,
In triangle
BDE,

AD AC. tan s . tan

2
2
2

DE DB. sec . sec

2 2
2

Ds 2 AE 2 AD DE 2 s d . tan d . sec
2
2

Axis
of
cone

D
S

A
D

Dia.
d C

/
2
/
2

E B

Measurement of small end

diameter
d
In triangle ACD, AC s
2
In triangle
ACD,
In triangle
BDE,

AD AC. tan s . tan

2
2
2

DE DB. sec . sec

2 2
2

Ds 2 AE 2 AD DE 2 s d . tan d . sec
2
2

Fig. Measurement of small end

diameter of Taper plug gauge by
roller & dial gauge

Me
sc as
al ur
in
e
g

Work
piece

Lcos

Cosine error L(1 - cos )


MO
T O VEME
N
WO F
RK

Cosine error L(1 - cos )

Combined Sine and Cosine Error

d

D M . cos d . sin
M d . if is very small

Fig. Combined sine and cosine errors

L
d

Fig.Combined Sine and Cosine Error

R1

R2

O
B
D

C
E

G
E

T
A

/2

Dia.d1

O2

D2
D1

O1
Dia.d2

/2

Measurement of effective
diameter
In right angled triangle
OAB
d

OA OB. cos ec . cos ec

2 2
2
d

AG OA OG (cos ec 1)
2
2
In right angled triangle
AFD

AF DF . cot . cot
2 4
2

Measurement of effective diameter

contd.
p
d

FG AF AG . cot (cos ec 1)
4
2 2
2

E T 2 FG 2 . cot (cos ec 1) .
2 2
2
4

i, e. P . cot d (cos ec 1)
2
2
2

MIRRO
R

REFLECTING
BLOCK

AUTOCOLLIMAT
OR
SURFACE UNDER
TEST

Fig.: Arrangement of Autocollimator and Reflecting Block for

Straightness Testing

LQUID

MICROMETE
R
BUL
B
CELL

TROUG
H
Surface Under
Test

Fig.: Testing Straightness by comparison with the surface of a

liquid

INSULATIO
N

Fig.:Level Method of Straightness Testing

Testing a straightedge by Beam

Comparator
Length
AB=Length BC
Dial
Gauge

Beam
Comparator

Fixed
Surface
Leg under
test

Fig. Principle of Use of Beam

Comparator

ERRORS(mm
)

0.0
+2
0.0
1

Plung
er

0.0
1
0.0
2

Fig. Graph of error in

Straightedge

20
15

GRAPH
OF
HEIGHT

MICROMETER
S

10
AIR

5
10

META
L

Fig.: GRAPH OF SURFACE VARIATION

GRAPH
OF
ERRORS