Geological Hazards

What are geological

hazards? Are you
prepared if they
happen?

 The Philippines is prone to geological

events such as earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and landslides.
When was the last reported
earthquake in the Philippines?

 On
October
15,
2013,
a
devastating earthquake happened in
the province of Bohol. Its recorded
magnitude was 7.2. The ground
shaking and displacement caused
major
damage
of
several
government buildings, schools, and
houses. At least 93 people had been
reported dead after the earthquake.

 Ageological hazardis a condition

or event that may cause harm to
property and life.
Anearthquakeis the sudden
shaking of the ground caused by the
release of energy from accumulated
stress along the geologic faults or by
volcanic activity.

Earthquake Hazards
Ground shakingrefers to the vibration of
the land surface during an earthquake.It
may cause partial or total collapse of
buildings and structures.
Ground
displacementorsurface
ruptureis the horizontal or vertical
displacement of the ground surface along
the fault zone.
Liquefactionis the transformation of solid
rocks and soil to a liquidlike state during
ground shaking.
Tsunamiis a set of long, high ocean
waves caused by an earthquake or other

Volcanic Eruption
Hazards
Volcanic eruptionhappens when
materials such as magma, ash, and gas
are released from a volcano due to a
buildup of pressure inside.
Laharis a mixture of volcanic debris and
water that flows at the slopes of the
volcano.
Pyroclastic fallis a mass of hot,
drypyroclastic material(mixture of ash
and dust) and hot gases.

 Volcanic gasesare vapors released

during an eruption. Some of these
gases, such as hydrogen sulfide and
sulfur dioxide, are poisonous. They
cause respiratory damage and death.
Tephra fallsare rock fragments and
lava blobs ejected by a volcano.

 Alandslide,
also
calledlandslip,
occurs when earth materials (rocks,
debris, and soil) move downwards
along a slope.
Mud flowis the flow of mud and
rock.
Earthflowis the downward flow of
fine-grained materials, such as clay,
fine sand, and silt.
Rock fallis the sliding, toppling, or
falling of rocks along a slope.

Analyze the situation

You are enjoying your summer
vacation at the beach. Suddenly, you
felt the ground moving because of an
earthquake. What should you do?
What are the scenarios that may
happen during and after the
earthquake?