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CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
FEATURES OF MICROWAVE
TRAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
RAILNET
PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM
SIGNALLING
MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
ADVANTAGE
APPLICATION

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INDIAN RAILWAY: AN INTRODUCTION

Indian railway is the biggest employer in the world and second
biggest electrified system in the world after Russia
It has 17 Zones.
It is largest railway system in world under one management.
Indian railway uses wireless, under ground and overhead system
for communication.

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NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY

North Western Railway came being on
1st October, 2002. It was carved out of 2
divisions each from Northern and
Western Railways.
The four divisions are Ajmer, Bikaner,
Jaipur & Jodhpur. Jaipur & Ajmer
divisions are originally part of Western
Railway and Bikaner & Jodhpur are part
of Northern Railway.
North western railway logo.

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MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION
Microwave Communication refers to the sending , receiving and
processing of information which is in the form of electromagnetic
wave.
The microwaves frequency spectrum is usually taken to extend
from 3 GHz to 300 GHz.
JAIPUR microwave station provides communication to exchange,
control room, railnet, signalling department etc.

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MICROWAVE PROPAGATION
Microwave propagation takes place through space waves troposphere ,
which is within 10km on earth level, so attenuation is very large but
due to directivity of antenna and high receiver sensitivity the system is
very satisfactory.
Due to directive antenna the signal is not spread so interference of
other communication system is negligible.
At microwave frequency there in no atmosphere or manmade noise.
Only noise is thermal noise.

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FEATURES OF
MICROWAVE

Frequency 7.1257.425 GHz

Channel capacities
Main Channel 480 Channels
Way station Channel 30 Channel
Digital service channel 4 Channel
It operates with-48 DC supply &
positive terminal grounded

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BLOCK DIAGRAM MICROWAVE CENTRE

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TRAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Earlier systems of manual exchange of train movement from/to station
and to/from control office did not provide much assistance to the
controller to take timely and optimum decision for train controlling in
case of any unusual event that puts operation out of ear.

Train management system primarily provides for

online display of movement of all trains with train number /rake nos.
on video monitoring as well as overview indication panel, located in
control room.
Interfacing with the train indicator boards at various stations for
minute to minute train arrival information to commuter.

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RAILNET
In Indian railways is Asias largest and the worlds second largest
rail network. Adopting e-Governance in right earnest and to reap the
benefit of IT explosion ,Indian railways here established a
corporate wide information system (CWIS) called RAILNET,
abbreviated as RN hence forth.
It provides smooth flow of information on demand administrative
purpose, which would enable taking quick and better decision,
realizing the important role that information plays in customer
services and in railways operations, IR developed a dedicated
skeletal communication network, as a basic requirement.

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PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM

The computerized Passenger Reservation System (PRS)

facilitates booking and Cancelling of tickets from any of the
PRS booking windows all over the country.
These tickets can be booked or cancelled for journeys
commencing in any part of India and ending in any other part
There are mainly 5 servers in INDIA. These are New Delhi,
Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai & Sikandrabad.

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SIGNALLING

A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected beside a railway

line to pass information relating to the state of all the line ahead to
train/engine drivers .The drivers interprets the signals indication
and act accordingly.
Information of train departure from or train arrival at the nearest
station.
To avoid unfortunate accidents.
To safely direct railway traffic.
To maintain Railway Time Table .
To control the movements of trains from one station to another
station after ensuring that the track on which this train
will move to reach the next station is free from movement of
another train either in the same or opposite direction.
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MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION
OVER HEAD LINES:These poles are placed near the railway track.

The over head lines are joining two stations through the poles.
The over head lines are running over the poles. The over head lines
have low insulation compared to optical fiber cable.
The communication can be failed when the line breaks due to sand
storm or fall of poles.

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OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

It is a method of transmitting information from one place to another
by sending pluses of light into optical fiber.
OFC is the underground line process.
It is work on the principle of total internal reflection.
OFC line is in the form of infrared.
In optical fibre communication the glass fibre cable about the
diameter of human hair.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF OPTICAL FIBER

COMMUNICATION

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GEOMETRY OF FIBER

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Refraction of light at the interface between two

media

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PRINCIPLE OF PROPAGATION OF LIGHT

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MAIN MOTIVATION & ADVANTAGES

To meet demand of increase in the
telecommunication data transmission.
High bandwidth (high data transfer
rate).
Less signal degradation .
Less costly per meter.
Lighter and thinner than copper wire.
Flexible use in mechanical and medical
imaging system.
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APPLICATION
- Telephones
- telecommunication
- sensors
- Fiber laser
- LANs local area networks
- CCTV for video, voice and internet connections
- automotive and many other industries.

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