Summary Sheet

Session Number : 1
Date : 12.03.2007
Subject Expert :

Dr. M.C. Nataraja

Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,
Mysore 570 006.
Phone:0821-2343521, 9880447742
E-mail: nataraja96@yahoo.com

DETAILING OF STEEL IN
STAIR CASES
Learning Outcomes:

After this students will be able to do the detailing of

staircases through drawing and bar bending
schedule.

Detailing of steel in Stair

cases
Contents

Definition and parts of Stair cases

Types of stair cases
Requirements
Detailing principles
Problems
Art of Drawing
Bar bending schedule

STAIR CASE
Definition
Stair cases are used for the purpose of
giving access to different floors of a
structure.

Parts of stair a case

T
G
N

L2

L1

Le

R
W

FLIGHT

FIG.1 PARTS OF STAIR CASE

Fig. 2 DOG LEGGED STAIR CASE

Parts of stairs
T

Flight and landing.

Steps
Rise-R
Going-G=T-N
Tread-T
Nosing -N

G
N
R
W

Types of stair cases

Based on shape

Straight stairs
Dog legged stairs
Open well or open newel stairs
Geometrical stairs such as spiral, circular, etc.
Free standing stair cases

Some photos
Straight SC

Dog legged SC

Geometric SC

Transversely
spanning SC

Open Well or Newel stair cases

II- FLIGHT

LANDING

OPEN
WELL

I- FLIGHT

OPEN
WELL

III- FLIGHT

WITH INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

OTHER STAIRCASES

SPIRAL AND
GEOMETRIC
STAIRCASES

RISER AND TREAD STAIRCASE

CLASSIFICATION
Based on type of span
Horizontally spanning or transversely
spanning SC
Longitudinally spanning SC.
For details refer IS:456-2000 and SP-34.

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions

Rise (R)
Tread (T)

: 150mm to 180mm
: 220 mm to 250 mm- for residential buildings.

Rise (R)
Tread (T)

: 120 to 150 mm
: 250 mm to 300 mm for public buildings

[T + 2R]

: Between 500 mm to 650 mm

The width of the stair

0.8 m to 1 m for residential building and
1.8 m to 2 m for public building.

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions Contd

The width of the landing is equal to the width of stairs.
The number of steps in each flight should not be greater
than 12
The pitch of the stair should not be more than 38 degrees.
The head room measured vertically above any step or
below the mid landing shall not be less than 2.1 m.

Design of stairs
Design for maximum bending moment and check for
maximum shear force.
The depth is to be fixed from deflection criteria.
Stair case slab is designed as a conventional slab.
All rules regarding the detailing are similar to that of slab.
Enough development and anchorage lengths for steel
should be provided.

Transversally spanning stair case

MAIN STEEL

0.1Le-0.15Le
STEPS

0.5 Ast
D1

STRINGER
BEAMS

STRINGER
BEAM

DIST. STEEL
Refer SP-34 for more details

Ast
Le

D2

STIRRUP

TRANSVERSLY SPANNING
0.1-0.15Le
DS
DB

0.5Ast

MAIN Ast

DS

Le

bW

6m
m
STIRRUP DETAILS AND
HOOK

STAIR CASE SUPPORTED ON SIDE

BEAMS-DETAILS

LANDING

WALL

Le

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR

LONGITUDINALLY
SPANNING STAIRCASES

WAIST SLAB

Case (a)

WAIST SLAB SUPPORTED AT THE

ENDS OF LANDINGS

GOING=G

Le
Case (b)

EFFECTIVE SPAN FOR

LONGITUDINALLY
SPANNING STAIRCASES
Le=G +[ X +Y], X 1m AND Y 1m

Case (c)
Le

Le=c/c of beams

Longitudinally spanning SC
Detailing
Steel at bottom longitudinally-tension
Anchorage and development steel
Distribution steel
Row of chairs
Nominal foundation for ground flight

Exercise
A dog legged stair case is to be detailed with the
following particulars:
Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m
The floor to floor height is 3.2 m
Width of each tread =250 mm
Width of each rise = 160 mm
Thickness of waist slab = 150 mm
Width of flight =1m
All round wall = 230 mm

Exercise contd.,
Both flights are supported at the ends of
landing on 230 mm wall.
(Landing and flight spans in the same direction)
The first flight starts from the plinth level
Main steel for each flight = #12@120
Distribution steel for each flight = #8@ 200
Use M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Draw to a suitable scale
The plan of stair case
Sectional elevation of the Ground flight
Sectional elevation of the First flight
Bar bending schedule

Solution
Dimensioning:
R=160 mm, T= 250 mm
Floor to floor height = 3200mm
No of rises = 3200/R = 20. Each flight has 10 rises.
No of treads per flight=10-1 =9
Width of landing along flight
= (4480-9x250)/2 = 1115mm.
Going of flight=9x250 =2250mm
Development length = 47= 47 x 12 = 564 mm

Exercise
Plan of stair case
1115 mm

2250 mm

1115 mm

Gap=0.1m

Le = 4710 mm

PLAN
Clear dimension of stair case room=4.48 m x 2.1 m

2100

DETAILING

Ld =564

FLOOR LEVEL
ROW OF CHAIRS

T= 250
REINFORCEMENT
FROM BM

R=160

LANDING

LAP L

FIRST FLIGHT

Ld =564

Main steel [B]

MAIN STEEL
# 12 @ 120

Wall

[A]

DIST. STEEL
# 8 @ 200

[C]

150

GL
FOUNDATION

500 mm

GROUND FLIGHT
500 mm

Landing and flight spans longitudinally

[D,E]Anchorage
steel

DETAILING
Y=0.3 l or Ld
X = 0.15 l or Ld

Y
l
X

DS
Y

MAIN STEEL

150
LANDING
BEAM

LANDING
BEAM

FIRST FLIGHT

INTERMEDIATE
LANDING

ROW OF
CHAIRS

MAIN STEEL # 12 @ 120

DIST. STEEL
# 8 @ 150
150
GL
FOOTING

GROUND FLIGHT

500

150
500

Flight spans longitudinally on landing beams

Le PLAN

Details at the junction of flight and landing

T

Wrong

Concrete spalling
due to tension in
steel
Ld
Ld

ok

Extra steel if
needed

STRAIGHT STAIR CASE

Refer SP-34 and learn the details

Bar bending schedule

For exercise problem
No. of
Member Mark
bars

SC
GFl

Dia. Length
in
in
mm m/piece

Total
length
in m
#12

Bar details

Remarks

#8

12

measure

X1

8
spacings,
main bar

12

measure

X2

Main bar

Count

960

Y1

Dist. Bar
L=10002EC

Bar bending scheduleContd.,

StairGround
Floor

12

measure

X3

Anchorage
bars

12

measure

X4

Anchorage
bars

Total length in m/diameter

Weight in kg/m

--

--

Total weight in kg/diameter

---

---

Calculations are based on

actual measurement on
drawing sheet.

Estimation of quantity of concrete

Volume of concrete = L x B x D
L= length along the central line in m-measured
B=Breadth in m
D=Thickness of slab in m
Plus concrete in footing
Weight of concrete, kg = Volume x density

Conclusion
Students have learnt the following:
Types of staircases.
Effective span concept.
Requirements of staircase.
Detailing of steel.
Importance of development length and anchorages.
Drawing to scale and bar bending schedule.

The end
Thank you very much
Dr. M. C. Nataraja