K NNG LP K

HOCH
1. Khi nim
Hoch nh l mt qu trnh n nh nhng
mc tiu v xc nh bin php tt nht
thc hin nhng mc tiu .

N lin h vi nhng phng tin cng nh

vi nhng mc ch. Tt c nhng ngi qun
l u lm cng vic hoch nh.

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 2. ngha
T duy c h thng tin liu cc tnh hung qun
l
Phi hp mi ngun lc ca t chc hu hiu hn.
Tp trung vo cc mc tiu v chnh sch ca t chc.
Nm vng cc nhim v c bn ca t chc phi
hp vi cc qun l vin khc.
Sn sng ng ph v i ph vi nhng thay i ca
mi trng bn ngoi
Pht trin hu hiu cc tiu chun kim tra.

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3. Lm th no xc nh cng vic?

Khi bt u mt cng vic mi, lm th no trin

khai cng vic hon ho?

Nu bn khng c phng php xc nh y

cc yu t, bn c th b st nhiu ni dung cng
vic. chnh l mt l hng trong hoch nh cng
vic

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 3. Lm th no xc nh cng vic?
PHNG PHP XC NH NI DUNG CNG
VIC 5WH2C5M
Xc nh mc tiu, yu cu cng vic 1W (why)

Xc nh ni dung cng vic 1W (what)

Xc nh 3W: where, when, who

Xc nh cch thc thc hin 1H (how)

Xc nh phng php kim sot 1C (control)

Xc nh phng php kim tra 1C (check)

Xc nh ngun lc thc hin 5M

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 3.1 Xc nh mc tiu yu cu
Khi phi lm mt cng vic, iu u tin m bn phi quan
tm l:
- Ti sao bn phi lm cng vic ny?
- N c ngha nh th no vi t chc, b phn ca bn?
- Hy qu nu bn khng thc hin chng?

Why (ti sao?) l 1W trong 5W. Khi bn thc hin mt cng

vic th iu u tin bn nn xem xt chng l why vi ni
dung nh trn.

Xc nh c yu cu, mc tiu gip bn lun hng trng

tm cc cng vic vo mc tiu v nh gi hiu qu cui
cng.
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3.2 Xc nh ni dung cng vic
1W = what? Ni dung cng vic l gi?

Hy ch ra cc bc thc hin cng vic

c giao.

Bn hy chc rng, bc sau l khch hng

ca bc cng vic trc.

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3.3 Xc nh 3W
Where: u, c th bao gm cc cu hi sau:

Cng vic thc hin ti u?

Giao hng ti a im no?

Kim tra ti b phn no?

Testing nhng cng on no?...

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3.3 Xc nh 3W
When: Cng vic thc hin khi no, khi no th giao, khi
no kt thc

xc nh c thi hn phi lm cng vic, bn cn xc

nh c mc khn cp v mc quan trng ca tng
cng vic.

C 4 loi cng vic khc nhau: cng vic quan trng v khn
cp, cng vic khng quan trng nhng khn cp, cng vic
quan trng nhng khng khn cp, cng vic khng quan
trng v khng khn cp. Bn phi thc hin cng vic quan
trng v khn cp trc.

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3.3 Xc nh 3W
Who: Ai, bao gm cc kha cnh sau:
Ai lm vic

Ai kim tra

Ai h tr.

Ai chu trch nhim

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3.4 Xc nh phng php 1h
H l how, ngha l nh th no? N bao gm cc
ni dung:

Ti liu hng dn thc hin l g (cch thc thc

hin tng cng vic)?

Tiu chun l g?

Nu c my mc th cch thc vn hnh nh th no?

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3.5 Xc nh phng php kim sot
Cch thc kim sot (control) s lin quan n:
Cng vic c c tnh g?

Lm th no o lng c tnh ?

o lng bng dng c, my mc nh th no?

C bao nhiu im kim sot v im kim sot trng

yu (xem chi tit qua ti liu v MBP phng php
qun l theo qu trnh)

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3.6 Xc nh phng php kim tra
Phng php kim tra (check) lin quan n cc ni dung
sau:

C nhng bc cng vic no cn phi kim tra. Thng

thng th c bao nhiu cng vic th cng cn s lng tng
t cc bc phi kim tra.

Tn sut kim tra nh th no? Vic kim tra thc hin 1

ln hay thng xuyn (nu vy th bao lu mt ln?).

Ai tin hnh kim tra?

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3.6 Xc nh phng php kim tra
Nhng im kim tra no l trng yu?

Trong DN khng th c y cc ngun lc tin

hnh kim tra ht tt c cc cng on, do vy chng
ta ch tin hnh kim tra nhng im trng yu (quan
trng nht).

im kim tra trng yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto

(20/80), tc l nhng im kim tra ny ch chim 20
% s lng nhng chim n 80 % khi lng sai
st.

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3.7 Xc nh ngun lc (5M)
Nhiu k hoch thng ch ch trng n cng vic m li khng ch
trng n cc ngun lc, m ch c ngun lc mi m bo cho k hoch
c kh thi.

Ngun lc bao gm cc yu t:
Man = ngun nhn lc.

Money = Tin bc.

Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng.

Machine = my mc/cng ngh.

Method = phng php lm vic.

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3.7 Xc nh ngun lc (5M)
Man, bao gm cc ni dung:
Nhng ai s thc hin cng vic, h c trnh ,
kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht, tnh cch ph hp?

Ai h tr?

Ai kim tra?

Nu cn ngun phng nga th c ngun lc con

ngi h tr khng?

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3.7 Xc nh ngun lc (5M)
Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng,
bao gm cc yu t:

Xc nh tiu chun NVL.

Tiu chun nh cung ng.

Xc nh phng php giao hng

Thi hn giao hng.

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 4. Phn loi
4.1 Hoch nh chin lc.
4.2 Hoch nh tc nghip.
4.3 Hoch nh d n.
4.4 Mc tiu.
4.5 Hoch nh nm.
4.6 Hoch nh thng.
4.7 Hoch nh tun.

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 4.1 Hoch nh chin lc

c im

Thi hn : vi nm

Khun kh : rng

Mc tiu : t chi tit

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 4.1 Hoch nh chin lc (tt)
Qu trnh c bn ca hoch nh chin lc
Nhn thc c c hi

Xc nh cc mc tiu

Pht trin cc tin

Xc nh cc phng n la chn

nh gi cc phng n.

La chn phng n

Hoch nh cc k hoch ph tr

Lng ha bng hoch nh ngn qu

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 4.1 Hoch nh chin lc (tt)

u ra ca hoch nh chin lc:

Mt bn k hoch kinh doanh

K hoch pht trin cng ty.

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 4.2 Hoch nh tc nghip

c im

Thi hn: ngy, tun, thng

Khun kh : hp

Mc tiu : chi tit xc nh

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 4.2 Hoch nh tc nghip (tt)
u ra ca hoch nh tc nghip:
H thng ti liu hot ng ca t chc nh:
- Cc loi s tay, cm nang.
- Quy trnh hot ng
- Cc quy nh
- Hng dn cng vic
- Cc biu mu
- Cc k hoch thc hin mc tiu, d n ngn hn.
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 4.3 Hoch nh d n

Xc nh cc yu cu ca d n.

Xc nh cc quy trnh c bn.

Xc nh ngun lc cung cp cho d n.

Xy dng k hoch thc hin d n theo s gantt

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 4.4 Mc tiu:
(Phn ny, bn tham kho theo k nng
qun l theo mc tiu)

Phn loi mc tiu

iu kin ca mc tiu

Lp k hoch thc hin mc tiu:

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 4.4.1 Phn loi mc tiu
Mc tiu cp cng ty, b phn, c nhn
Theo Peter Drucker, mc tiu ca cng ty xp t ngn hn n
di hn nh sau:
- Tn ti v tng trng.
- Li nhun
- Phn b cc ngun lc v ri ro
- Nng sut
- Vi th cnh tranh
- Pht trin ngun lc
- Pht trin cng ngh
- Trch nhm x hi.
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 4.4.2 iu kin ca mc tiu:
iu kin ca mc tiu phi m bo yu cu
ca nguyn tc SMART
Specific - c th, d hiu
Measurable o lng c
Achievable va sc.
Realistics thc t.
Timebound c thi hn.

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 a/Specific - c th, d hiu
Ch tiu phi c th v n nh hng cho cc hot
ng trong tng lai.

ng ni mc tiu ca bn l dn u th trng
trong khi i th ang chim 40 % th phn.

Hy t mc tiu chim ti thiu 41% th phn, t

bn s bit mnh cn phi c t bao nhiu % na.

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 b/Measurable o lng c

Ch tiu ny m khng o lng c th

khng bit c t c hay khng?

ng ghi: phi tr li th ca khch hng

ngay khi c th. Hy yu cu nhn vin tr
li th ngay trong ngy nhn c.

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 c/Achievable va sc.

Ch tiu phi c tnh thch thc c gng,

nhng cng ng t ch tiu loi khng th
t ni.

Nu bn khng c ging ca tri ph th ng

t ch tiu tr thnh siu sao. Gi trng lng
mc l tng 45kg c th va sc hn.
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 d/Realistics thc t.

y l tiu ch o lng s cn bng gia kh

nng thc hin so vi ngun lc ca doanh
nghip bn (thi gian, nhn s, tin bc..).

ng t ch tiu gim 20 kg trong mt thng

t trng lng l tng 45 kg trong vng
mt thng, nh vy l khng thc t.
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 e/Timebound c thi hn.

Mi cng vic phi c thi hn hon thnh,

nu khng n s b tr hon.

Thi gian hp l gip bn va t c mc

tiu li va dng sc cho cc mc tiu khc.

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 4.4.3 K hoch thc hin mc tiu
(gantt)
Stt Ni dung Ngi Tng Tin
cng vic thc t.gian
hin
1
2
4
4
5
6
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 4.5 Hoch nh k hoch nm
Ngun thng tin t lp k hoch nm bao gm:

T chin lc ca cng ty.

T cc d n tham gia

T mc tiu ca cng ty v mc tiu b phn do cng ty giao.

T cc nhim v theo chc nng nhim v b phn.

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4.5 Hoch nh k hoch nm (tt)
Ni dung ca k hoch cng tc nm:

Ni dung cc mc tiu cng vic.

Thi gian thc hin.
Mc quan trng ca cc cng vic ( gip b
phn c th t trng tm vo cng tc no v nh
gi cng vic cui nm).

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 4.6 Hoch nh k hoch thng:

Ngun thng tin lp k hoch thng

Cc cng vic trong k hoch nm.

Cc cng vic thng trc cn tn ti.

Cc cng vic mi pht sinh do cng ty giao.

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 Ni dung k hoch thng

Cc cng vic quan trng trong thng

Phn cc cng vic c th gm: ni dung cng

vic, thi gian thc hin, ngi thc hin.

Cc cng vic cha xc nh c lch (nhng

phi lm trong thng hoc lm trong thng sau).
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 4.7 Hoch nh k hoch tun

Ngun thng tin lp k hoch tun:

Cc cng vic trong k hoch thng.

Cc cng vic trong tun trc cha thc hin

xong

Cc cng vic mi pht sinh do cng ty giao

thm.
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 4.7 Hoch nh k hoch tun
NI DUNG BN K HOCH TUN
Cc cng vic quan trng trong tun
Phn cc cng vic c th gm: ni dung cng
vic, thi gian thc hin, ngi thc hin, ghi
ch (yu cu kt qu).

Cc cng vic cha xc nh c lch (nhng

phi lm trong tun hoc lm trong tun sau).
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