Axial Bones

Charles A Simanjuntak, dr, SpOT(K), FICS, MPd

FKIK Universitas Jambi
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Vertebra Cervicalis
7 vertebras, first two are atypical
Foramen (foramina) transversalis
for artery & vein
Bifide spine process
The 1st vertebra Atlas (C1) has no
body, accommodate dens of 2nd
vertebra
The 2nd vertebra Axis (C2) has a
tooth-shaped process (odontoid
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Vertebra Thoracalis
12 vertebras
Facets on their bodies and transverse
processes to articulate with the heads of ribs
Each rib head articulates with the body of
the numerically corresponding vertebra and
the one below it.
The thoracic vertebrae have facets on their
transverse processes to articulate with the
tubercles of the numerically corresponding
ribs

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Vertebra Lumbalis & Sacralis
5 lumbal vertebras
Bony support of the abdomen is
minimal
More mobile anteroposterior &
laterally
Pea-shaped vertebral body
Slightly horizontal spine process
5 sacral vertebras, fused
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Intervertebral Disk(1)
Anulus fibrosus as outer portion which is
composed of fibrocartilage and fibrous
connective tissue
Nucleus pulposus as inner portion, which is a
semigelatinous fluid with very few
Herniation of a nucleus pulposus is almost
always in a posterolateral, passing through a
rupture of the anulus fibrosus.
Herniation is almost always in a posterolateral
direction, passing through a rupture of the
anulus fibrosus compress a spinal nerve.
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Ligaments
The intervertebral disk is reinforced
anteriorlyand anterolaterally by the
anterior longitudinal ligament.
The posterior longitudinal ligament
reinforces it posteriorly, it is not
reinforced posterolaterally

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Intervertebral Foramen
Intervertebral foramen is bounded superiorly
and inferiorly by the pedicles of the vertebrae
It is bounded anteriorly by parts of the bodies
of the vertebrae and the intervertebral disk.
The articular processes and the
zygapophysealjoint bound it posteriorly.
The spinal nerve contained within the
intervertebral foramen may be compressed by
herniation of the nucleus pulposus or
zygapophyseal joint disease

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Sternum(1)
The manubrium articulates with the
claviclea nd the first rib.
It meets the body of the sternum at
the sternal angle, an important
clinical landmark.
The second rib articulates at the
sternal angle.

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Sternum(2)
The body articulates directly with
ribs 3-7; it articulates inferiorly with
the xiphoid process at the
xiphisternal junction.
The xiphoid process is cartilaginous
at birth and usually ossifies and
unites with the body of the sternum
around age 40.

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 Ribs and costal cartilages(1)
12 pairs of ribs, which are attached
ated along the inferior posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae.
rovides protection for
tery, and vein.
Ribs 1-7 are termed "true ribs" and
attach directly to the sternum by
costal cartilages.
Ribs 8-10 are termed "false ribs"
and attach to the costal cartilage of
the rib above.

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Ribs and costal cartilages(1)
Ribs 11and 12 have no anterior
attachments, and are therefore
classified as both "floating ribs" and
false ribs
The costal groove is located along
the inferior border of each rib and
provides protection for the
intercostal nerve, artery, and vein.

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Question

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