ARCHES
TECHNICAL TERMS and
DETAILS
TYPES of ARCHES
LINTELS
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
KEY
STONE:
Akeystoneis the wedge-shaped
stone piece at theapexof a
masonryvaultorarch, which is the
final piece placed during
construction and locks all the stones
into position, allowing the arch to
bear weight.
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
voussoirs
:
A wedge-shaped stone or brick that
Arch construction depends
is used withon
essentially others to construct
the wedge. If a an
arch orofvault.
series wedge-shaped blocks
i.e., ones in which the upper edge
is wider than the lower edgeare
set flank to flank in the manner ,
the result is an arch. These blocks
are calledvoussoirs. Each
voussoir must be precisely cut so
that it presses firmly against the
surface of neighboring blocks and
conducts loads uniformly. The
central voussoir is called
thekeystone.
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
SPRINGE
R:
The lowest stone in an arch.
The bottom stone of an
arch resting on the impost.
The point or place where
SPRINGE
the curve of an arch or vault R
begins.
The Springer's usually have
one or both joints horizontal.
The upper surface of the
Springer, against which the
first voussoir of the real arch
starts, is said to be skew
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
IMPOST:
An impost is the topmost part of an
architectural column. Also called an
abacus, it is usually a flat piece of
stone.
It can be carved or decorated.
IMPOST
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
PIER:
A pier is a solid block of masonry
supporting an arch. They are
often made of stone, but those
serving as primary support for
large arches are usually made
of concrete.
PIER
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
FOUNDATIO
N: foundation is a large stone that is set into the ground. The
The
piers are
then built on top of it. It transfers the weight of the arch to the soil
in the
ground.
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
INTRADOS OR
SOFFIT:
It is the under surface of an
arch.
Crown
The top section of a curved arch
Springing Line
A horizontal construction line
denoting the starting of the
curve in curved arches, or the
bottom of a flat arch.
Haunch
The first few voussoirs up from the springing line. Ie it is the
portion of the arch situated centrally between the key
and the skewbacks.
Extrados
A construction line denoting outer limit of the arch. It
is used in the setting out
TECHNICAL TERMS IN ARCH:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
TYPES OF ARCHES:
APPLICATIONS & ADVANTAGES
Roman & romanesque architecture are immediately recognized by
the circular arch motif. Romans were pioneers in the use of arches
for bridges, buildings, and aqueducts. This bridge, the Ponte
Fabricio in Rome, spans between the bank of the River Tiber and
Tiber Island. Built in 64 B.C. (Rome, Italy.)
The gothic high rise arch & the buttresses required to absorb its
thrust are typical of one of the greatest achievements in
architectural design.
Roman circular arches spanned about 100 & medieval stone
bridges up to 180.
The NEW RIVER GORGE BRIDGE in west virginia, the longest steel
arch spans 1700 (1986).
The largest single arch span in reinforced concrete built to date is
the 1280feet span KRK BRIDGE , yugoslavia.
Combinations of trussed arches with cantilevered half arches
connected by trusses were built to span as much as 1800feet in
THE QUEBEC BRIDGE in 1917.
To this day no other
structural element is
as commonly used to
span large distances
as the arch.
LINTELS:
A lintel is a horizontal
structural member, which
is fixed over the openings
viz.., doors, windows
recesses etc. to support
the structure over the
opening.
Lintels are usually
rectangular in shape and
they afford facilities for
fixing the door and
window frames, wherever
they are used. Lintels may
be made of several WOODEN LINTE
materials such as wood, MD. shabbir, IIA member,
LINTELS:
MD. shabbir, IIA member,
LINTELS
:
MD. shabbir, IIA member,
LINTELS:
MD. shabbir, IIA member,
LINTELS:
MD. shabbir, IIA member,
LINTELS:
MD. shabbir, IIA member,
