MODEL OF ACTION

RESEARH

Stephen Kemmiss Model

Prepared by:
Tee
Teo
Aida
Chan
Definition of Action
Research
Carr and Kemmis (1986) describe
action research as being about
improving
(a) Social/educational practices
(b) The understanding of these
practices
(c) The situations in which the practices
occur.
Stephen Kemmiss
Model
Stephen Kemmis has developed a
simple model of the cyclical nature of
the typical action research process.

Each cycle has four steps

1. Plan
2. Act
3. Observe
4. Reflect
Why?
Action research tends to be...

Cyclic -- similar steps tend to recur, in a similar sequence

Participative -- the clients and informants are involved

as partners, or at least active participants, in the research
process

Qualitative -- it deals more often with language than with

numbers

Reflective -- critical reflection upon the process and

outcomes are important parts of each cycle.
FIRST PHASE
 Planning

With the realities

and constraints of
Identify a plan of
Identify a problem particular
action that aims
or issue that practices in mind, Plan how to
to bring about an
interests or hypothesize what implement
improvement in
puzzles changes/intervent
understanding.
ions might bring
an improvement
Action
Implement the plan or intervention that has
been carefully developed to address a
particular problem or sets of problems.
It is important to note that the required
ethical clearance to safeguard
confidentiality, ensure consent, minimize
power relations, and so on must be obtained
prior to the action phase, and then informed
ethical consent must be obtained from those
involved before carrying out the action.
Observation
Systematic observations of particular, relevant aspects of
classroom practice are made to determine what is
happening
Involves collecting the data needed to answer your
questions
For example:
- observing systematically
- documenting the behaviours and contexts of
participants
- conducting interviews
- using questionnaires to elicit the opinions or
perceptions
- collecting students work that is relevant
- inviting an outsiders observations
Reflection

Reflecton what is happening

Develop revised action plans based
upon new understanding or
questions that arose during the
previous phases.
SECOND PHASE
 The reflection leads on to the next stage
of planning.
The "planning" isn't a separate and prior
step; it is embedded in the action and
reflection.
Short, multiple cycles allow greater rigour
to be achieved.
 The steps

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th

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