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INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
Lecture 1

Introduction Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

Introduction to COMPUTING
BSCS/BSIT/BSSE (3+1 Credit Hours)
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTERS
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

Every minute dies a man,

Every minute one is born

Alfred Tennyson
(very famous poet)
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

Every minute dies a man,

And one and sixteenth is born

Charles Babbage
(very famous computer scientist)
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

CHARLES BABBAGE (1791-1871)

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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

CHARLES BABBAGE (1791-1871)

Mathematician and Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge
University.

He give a mankind a gift that was Digital Computer.

In 1833 he designed a computing device and he names it Analytical

Engine/Difference Engine.

Creator of Analytical Engine in 1833.

The 1st general-purpose digital computer (1833).

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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

ANALYTICAL ENGINE

mechanical
A programmable digital
machine
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

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THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE

Could carry out any calculation.

Could make decision based upon the results of

previous calculation components.

Input
Memory (storage)
Processor (MIL)
Output
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

Analytical Engine (Cont)

Analytical Engine was a crank-driven.

Could store instructions and information.

Could perform mathematical calculations.

Had the ability the output in printed form.

It used Punch Cards for it permanent storage.

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ANALYTICAL ENGINE
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ANALYTICAL ENGINE
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PUNCH CARDS

It start using in computers and used till 1950.

After that it was replaced by MAGNETIC TAPE.

Punch Cards solved a very important practical problem for

computing i.e. they provided an efficient means of storing data
and instructions permanently.
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PUNCH CARDS - 1801

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A lesson that we all can learn from Babbages Life

Charles Babbage had huge difficulties raising money to fund his
research

As a last resort, he designed a clever mathematical scheme along

with Ada, the Countess of Lovelace

It was designed to increase their odds while gambling. They bet

money on horse races to raise enough money to support their
research experiments
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ADA, COUNTESS OF LOVELACE (1815-52)

Babbage: The father of computing.

Ada: (Student of Babbage), Mathematicians.

Contribution for Analytical Engine: She wrote a program for

Analytical Engine that was world 1st computer program.

The Bernoullis sequence on the Analytical Engine.

Worlds 1st computer programmer.

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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

ADA, THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

A programming language in 1970s specifically designed by the US
Dept of Defense for developing military applications was named
ADA to honor her contribution towards computing.
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ADA, COUNTESS OF LOVELACE

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THE FIRST PROGRAMMER.

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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

Why use a computer?

What value do
Computers bring?

What are they good at?

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fast
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

bored
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

storage
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

What type of problems are

not suitable for computers

?
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It could analyze up to 300 billion
Here is a fact: chess moves in three minutes
Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

In 1997 Deep Blue, a supercomputer

designed by IBM, beat Gary Kasparov, the
World Chess Champion

That computer was exceptionally fast,

did not get tired or bored. It just kept on
analyzing the situation and kept on
searching until it found the perfect move
from its list of possible moves

And now a question

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can computers
Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

think?
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Introduction To Computing Muhammad Hussain

TURING MACHINE - 1936

In 1936 development was equally important but
theoretical aspects of computing.

Proposed by Alan Turing (Professor at Cambridge University)

It was a theoretical machine very simple but complete

computing machine.

The study of what computers can and cannot do.

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THE TURING TEST

Another contribution of Alan Turing is TURING TEST.

A test was proposed a method to determine if a computer has

ability to think.

Also known as Turing Test.

More than 60 years has gone we have not built any computer that
can pass the TURING TEST.
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VACUUM TUBE - 1904

Invented by John Fleming an English Physicist.

Through Vacuum Tubes electronic computing become possible.

The problem with mechanical things is that you cant speed them
fast.

The computers who were develop with vacuum tubes they were
1000 times faster than mechanical computers.
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VACUUM TUBES -1904

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Today you can not purchase any computer which is built of

vacuum tubes it is replaces by Transistors.

1939, 35 years later after the invention of vacuum tubes (1904) a

computer was built whom we say an electronic computer.
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THANKS