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Synthetic Trace
Time (ms)
Depth
Time
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L 7 Well-Seismic 1
Outline
Objectives of the seismic - well tie
What is a good well-seismic tie?
Comparing well with seismic data
Preparing well data
Preparing seismic data
How to tie synthetics to seismic data.
Pitfalls
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L 7 Well-Seismic 2
Objectives of Well-Seismic Ties
Vertical depth
Base of
Weathering
Two-way time
Depth
red
asu
Me
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L 7 Well-Seismic 5
Comparison of Seismic and Well Data
Seismic Data Well Data
Samples area and volume Samples point along well bore
Low frequency 5 - 60 Hz High frequency, 10,000 - 20,000
Hz
Vertical resolution 15 - 100 m
Vertical resolution 2 cm - 2 m
Horizontal resolution 150 -
1000 m Horizontal resolution 0.5 cm - 6
m
Measures seismic amplitude,
phase, continuity, horizontal & Measures vertical velocity,
vertical velocities density, resistivity,
radioactivity, SP, rock and fluid
Time measurement
properties from cores
Depth measurement
100 m
100 m
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L 7 Well-Seismic 6
Seismic-Well Tie Flow-Chart
Estimate
Pulse
External Well -
Well -
Pulse Seismic Tie
Seismic Tie
Check Shots/
Time Depth
Information
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L 7 Well-Seismic 7
Check Shot Data
Time
Depth
Used to determine start time of
top of well-log curves
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L 7 Well-Seismic 8
Pulses Types
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L 7 Well-Seismic 9
The Modeling Process
Reflection
Lithology Velocity Density Impedance Wavelet Synthetic
Coefficients
Shale
x
Sand
Shale = *
Sand
Shale
We block the velocity (sonic) and density logs and compute an impedance log
We calculate the reflection coefficients at the step-changes in
impedance
We convolve our pulse with the RC series to get individual wavelets
Each RC generates a wavelet whose amplitude is proportional to the
RC
We sum the individual wavelets to get the synthetic seismic trace
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L 7 Well-Seismic 10
Impact of Blocking
recommended minimum - + - +
Time (sec)
helps identify the major
stratigraphic
contributors to the
peaks and troughs
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L 7 Well-Seismic 11
Our Example
Well A
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L 7 Well-Seismic 12
Tying Synthetic to Seismic Data
Position of
Position synthetic trace on seismic line.
Synthetic Trace
Project synthetic along structural or
stratigraphic strike if well is off line
Time (ms)
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L 7 Well-Seismic 13
Tying Synthetic to Seismic Data
Time (ms)
Without check shots estimate start time
of first bed
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L 7 Well-Seismic 14
Tying Synthetic to Seismic Data
Time (ms)
Without check shots estimate start time
of first bed
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L 7 Well-Seismic 15
Tying Synthetic to Seismic Data
Synthetic
Trace
Time (ms)
time tie
We can use a cross-correlation
coefficient as a measure of the
quality of the character tie
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L 7 Well-Seismic 16
Tying Synthetic to Seismic Data
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L 7 Well-Seismic 17
Assumptions for Synthetic Well Ties
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L 7 Well-Seismic 18
Common Pitfalls
Error in well or seismic line location
Log data quality
washout zones, drilling-fluid invasion effects
Seismic data quality
noise, multiples, amplitude gain, migration, etc
Incorrect pulse
Polarity, frequency, and phase
Try a different pulse; use extracted pulse
Incorrect 1-D model
Blocked logs, checkshots need further editing
Incorrect start time or improper datuming
Amplitude-Versus-Offset effects
Bed tuning
3-D effects not fully captured by seismic or well data
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L 7 Well-Seismic 19