SYSTEM UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

WE ARE
GOING TO
TALK ABOUT
 CPU
On large machines, the CPU requires one or more
printed circuit boards. On personaland smallworkstations, the CPU
is housed in a single chipcalled amicroprocessor. Since the 1970's
the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken
all other CPU implementations.
The CPU itself is an internal component of thecomputer. Modern
CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors
or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU
socket, pin side down, on themotherboard.
Eachmotherboardwill support only a specific type (or range) of CPU,
so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications
before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU in your computer.
Modern CPUs also have an attachedheat sinkand small fan that go
directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.
 THE FIRST MICROPROCESSOR

Four decades ago from today November 15, 1971 Intel placed
an advertisement for the first single-chip CPU, the Intel 4004, in
electronic news. Designed by the fantastically-forenamed Federico
Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor, the 4004 was a 4-bit, 16-pin
microprocessor that operated at a mighty 740khz and at roughly
eight clock cycles per instruction cycle (fetch, decode, execute), that
means the chip was capable of executing up to 92,600 instructions
per second. We cant find the original list price, but one source
indicates that it costs around $5 to manufacture, or $26 in today's
cost
INTELS FIRST
MICROPROCESSOR

INTEL 4004
Microprocessor

A Motherboard
INTEL QUAD CORE
MICROPROCESSOR

INTEL DUAL CORE

MICROPROCESSOR
 DIFFERENT
MICROPROCESSORS USED
NOW-A-DAYS
Intel Pentium Dual Core Processors
The Intel Pentium processors with Intel dual-core technology deliver great
desktop performance, low power enhancements, and multitasking for
everyday computing.

Intel Dual Core i3 Processors

Intel Core i3 dual core processors provide 4-way multitasking capability with
built-in performance headroom for software upgrades.

Intel Dual Core i5 Processors

Intel Core i5 processors deliver the next level of productivity. With Intel Turbo
Boost Technology this quad-core processor with 4-way multitasking capability
delivers extra speed whenever we need.

Intel Dual Core i7 Processors

The Intel Core i7 processors deliver best-in-class performance for the most
demanding applications. This quad-core processor features 8-way
multitasking capability and additional L3 cache.
 PARTS OF CPU (A BREIF DESCRIPTION)

Two typical components of a CPU are the following:

1.TheArithmetic Logic Unit(ALU), which performs arithmetic and
logical operations.
2.TheControl Unit(CU), which extractsinstructionsfrommemory
and decodes andexecutesthem, calling on the ALU when
necessary.
 PARTS OF SYSTEM UNIT AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Motherboard The motherboard is the main circuit board of a microcomputer. It
is also known as the mainboard or system board.

CPU The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines the processing
power of the computer.

Memory Memory is the part of the computer that temporarily stores

applications, documents, and stem operating information.

Bus A bus is an electronic line that allows 1s and 0s to move from one place to
another.

Expansion Slots Expansions slots appear on the motherboard. They are sockets
into which adapters are connected.
 Ports and Connectors A port is a connector located on the motherboard
or on a separate adapter.

Bays A bay is a space inside the computer case where a hard drive,
floppy drive or CD-ROM drive sits

Power Supply A power supply changes normal household electricity into

electricity that a computer can use.

Sound Components A sound card lets a computer play and record high
quality sound.
PARTS OF CPU (IN DETAIL)
 CONTROL UNIT ( CU )
Thecontrol unitcoordinates the components of a computer system. It fetches the
code of all of the instructions in the program. It directs the operation of the other
units by providing timing and control signals. All computer resources are managed
by the CU. It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and
the other devices.
The control unit was historically defined as one distinct part of the 1946 reference
model ofVon Neumann architecture. In modern computer designs, the control unit is
typically an internal part of theCPUwith its overall role and operation unchanged.
The control unit is the circuitry that controls the flow of data through the processor,
and coordinates the activities of the other units within it. In a way, it is the "brain
within the brain", as it controls what happens inside the processor, which in turn
controls the rest of the computer. The examples of devices that require a control unit
are CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). The control unit receives external
instructions or commands which it converts into a sequence of control signals that
the control unit applies to the data path to implement a sequence of
register-transfer leveloperations.
 ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
Incomputing, anarithmetic and logic unit(ALU) is adigital circuitthat
performsintegerarithmeticandlogicaloperations. The ALU is a
fundamental building block of thecentral processing unitof a computer,
and even the simplestmicroprocessorscontain one for purposes such as
maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and
graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very
complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.
MathematicianJohn von Neumannproposed the ALU concept in 1945,
when he wrote a report on the foundations for a new computer called the
EDVAC. Research into ALUs remains as an important part of
computer science, falling underArithmetic and logic structuresin the
ACM Computing Classification System.
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit
Schematic Symbol
MADE BY : THE STUDENTS OF CLASS 9TH-A

Khadija Amjad
Nawal
Hafsa Zaman Date: 10th
June , 2013

Rabia Idrees