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Tips Cemerlang Addmath SPM
Tips Cemerlang Addmath SPM
Mathematics
How to Solve
a Problem
y = 3x2 + 4x
dy
dx y = 6x + 4
3. 6 x 4 dx 3x 4 x c
2
x2 = 4
x = 2
x >4
2 x > 2
x
2
x
Common errors
PA : PB = 2 : 3
then 2PA = 3 PB
Actually,
PA : PB = 2 : 3
PA 2
PB 3
3 PA = 2 PB
More mistakes
3 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
3 2
2 2 2 2
32 PA2 = 22 PB2
9 PA2 = 4 PB2
Common mistakes
loga x + loga y = 0,
then xy = 0
It should be xy = a0 = 1
Common mistakes
2 x 2 = 1
x y
2 x 2 = 2
x y 0
x + y = 1 2x + y = 2 0
x + y = 0
Common mistakes
loga x + loga y = 0,
then loga xy = 0
So, xy = 0
It should be xy = a0 = 1
Common mistakes
sin (x + 300) = ,
then sin x + sin 300 =
gone !
Do NOT use
Sin(A+B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B !
Correct way
sin (x + 30 ) = ,
0
So, x = 0 , 120 0 0
?
If 00 is an answer, then 3600 is also an answer !
sin (x + 30 ) = ,
0
1 1
1 2 4
x
Image
O 1 2
Objec
t
(1, 1) , (2, 4). . form ordered pairs and can be
plotted to obtain a curve.
SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 1
P = { 1, 2, 3}
Q = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Answer
(a) 2 , 4 1
(a) 1 1
SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 2
g : x 5x 1 h : x x2 2x 3
Answer 2
(a) or 0.4 2
5
( x 1)
B1 : 5
or g(x) = 3
25x2 + 2 2
B1 : (5x+1)2 2(5x+1) + 3
SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 3 (SPM 2005,Q5)
B1 : 3x2 7x 2 = 0
SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 4
The quadratic equation x (x+1) = px 4 has
two distinct roots. Find the range of values of p.
(3 marks)
Answer
p < -3, p > 5 (kedua-duanya) 3
B2 : (p + 3) (p 5) > 0
Answer
x = 1.677 4
(2x 1) log 4 = x log 7 B1
2x log 4 log 4 = x log 7
2x log 4 x log 7 = log 4 B2
x (2 log 4 log 7 ) = log 4
log 4 0.6021
x or B3
2 log 4 log 7 0.3591
SPM 2007 (???)
Solve the equation 42x 1 = 8x (3 marks)
Answer
22(2x 1) = 23x
2(2x 1) = 3x
4x 1 = 3x
x = 1
4x 2 = 3x
No !!!
x = 2
SPM 2003 Paper 1, Question 7
The first three terms of an A.P. are k-3, k+3, 2k+2.
Find (a) the value of k,
(b) the sum of the first 9 terms of the progression.
(3 marks)
Answer
(a) 7 2
(k + 3) (k 3) = (2k + 2) (k + 3) B1
6 = k1
(b) 252 1
SPM 2003 Paper 2, Question 1
Solve the simultaneous equation 4x + y = - 8
and x2 + x y = 2 (5 marks)
Answer
Make x or y the subject P1
8 y
x or y 8 4x
4
Eliminating x or y
2
8 y 8 y
K1
y 2 or x 2 x ( 8 4 x ) 2
4 4
y = 0 , 4 or x = -2, -3 N1
SPM 2003 Paper 2, Question 2
Equating q ( q* = r2 + 2k) K1
(k 1)2 = r2 N1
r= k1 N1
(b) Equating (his) - (x p) = 0 K1
2
8 y dy b Eliminating r or k by
4 dx
0 atau x
2a K1 any valid method
k=0,4 N1
r = -1, 3 N1
F4
1. Functions
f (x) = x
x2 - 2 = x
x2 x 2 = 0
(x+1)(x-2) = 0
x = -1 , x = 2
f(x) = x 3, g(x) = 3x
gf (1) = g [ f(1) ]
= g [-2]
= -6
T4
F4BAB 1
Method 1 Method 2
Let f (x) = y
Let f (x) = y
-1
Then 3 2x = y
Then x = f (y)
3 y = 2x
x = 3 2y 3 y
x
3 x 2
3 y
y f 1 y
2 2
3 x 3 x
f x
1
f 1 x
2 2
T4
F4BAB 1
a= 8
T4
F4BAB 1
Then u = 2 x or x=2-u
g(u) = 2(2-u) 2
= 2-2u
g(x) = 2-2x
fg(x) = f(2-2x)
= 2 - (2-2x)
= 2x
T4
F4BAB 1
3
Range : 1 y 6
2
3 x
0 4
2
F4
2. Quadratic equations:
SPM 2004, K1, Q4
Form the quadratic equation which has
the roots 3 and .
x = 3 , x =
(x+3) (2x 1) = 0
2x2 + 5x 3 = 0
F4
2. Quadratic Equations
ax2 + bx + c = 0
b c
x x
2
0
a a
x2 ( S.O.R) x + (P.O.R.) = 0
b c
S.O.R = a P.O.R. = a
F4
y = x2 + 2 . ???
F4
x (x 4) 12
x2 4x 12 0
(x + 2)(x 6) 0
x
-2 6
2 x 6
F4
Back to BASIC
Solve
x2 > 4 x> 2
x2 4 > 0 ???
(x + 2)(x 2) > 0 R.H.S
must be O !
2 2
x < -2 or x > 2
F4
4. Simultaneous Equations
2a
*** P = Q = R
F4
5. INDICES
Back to basic
Solve .. x 1 1
9 . x
1
27
32(x 1) . 3 ( 3x) = 1
2x 2 3x = 1
x = 3
x= 3 Betul
ke ???
F4
5. INDICES
Solve x 1 1
9 . x
1
27
32(x 1) . 3 ( 3x) = 1
32x 2 +( 3x) = 30
x2 =0
x = 2
F4
5. INDICES
Solve x 1 1
9 . x
1
27
or 9 x-1
= 27 x
32(x 1) = 3 3x
32x 2 = 33x
2x 2 = 3x
x = 2
F4
5. INDICES
Solve
2x + 3 = 2x+2
Can U take
2x + 3 = 2x . 22 log on both
2x + 3 = 4 (2x ) sides ???
WHY?
3 = 3(2 ) x
x = 0 u + 3 = 4u
F4
5. INDICES
x2
Solve the equation 3 32 3 x
,
give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
[ 4 marks]
9 (3x) = 32 + (3x)
8 (3x) = 32
3x = 4
lg 4
x
lg 3
x = 1.26 (Mid-Yr 07)
F4
5. INDICES
Solve
2 2x
. 5 = 0.05
x ambm = (ab)m
1
4 .5x x
=
2 0 You can
also take
20 x
=
1
log on both
2 0
sides.
x = 1
F4 5. INDICES & LOGARITHMS
(Mid-Yr 07)
Solve the equation lo g 2 ( x 2 ) 2 2 lo g 4 ( 4 x )
[ 4 marks]
log 2 (4 x)
log 2 ( x 2) 2 2 .
log 2 4
log 2 ( x 2) 2 log 2 (4 x)
lo g 2 ( x 2 ) lo g 2 4 ( 4 x )
x2 = 4 (4 x)
x = 3.6
F4 5. INDICES & LOGARITHMS
Back to basic
Solve the the equation
log3 (x 4) + log3 (x + 4) = 2
log3(x-4)(x+4) = 2
x2 16 = 9
x = 5
F4
= 2log p 3 + logp 4 K1
log 3 3 1
2( ) K1
log 3 p log 4 p
2 1
N1
logaa = 1 m n
Coordinate Geometry
Note to candidates:
Solutions to this
question by scale
drawing will not be
accepted.
Coordinate Geometry
Note to candidates:
Note to candidates:
R(x2, y2)
n
m n
P(x1, y1) Q(x, y) R(x2, y2) m Q(x, y)
P(x1, y1)
nx1 m x2 ny1 m y 2
Q(x, y) = ,
m n m n
6. Coordinate Geometry (Ratio Theorem)
The point P divides the line segment joining the point M(3,7) and
N(6,2) in the ratio 2 : 1. Find the coordinates of point P.
1 N(6, 2)
1(3) 2(6) 1(7) 2(2)
P(x, y) P(x, y) = ,
2
2 1 2 1
M(3, 7)
15 11
= ,
3 3
11
= 5,
nx1 m x ny m y 3
P(x, y) =
m n
2
, 1
m n
2
6. Coordinate Geometry
Perpendicular lines :
R
m1.m2 = 1 P
Q
S
6. Coordinate Geometry
(SPM 2006, P1, Q12)
Diagram 5 shows the straight line AB which is perpendicular to the straight
line CB at the point B.
The equation of CB is y = 2x 1 .
Find the coordinates of B. [3 marks]
y mCB = 2
y = 2x 1 mAB =
A(0, 4)
Equation of AB is y= x+4
B Diagram 5
At B, 2x 1 = x + 4
O x x = 2, y = 3
C
So, B is the point (2, 3).
6. Coordinate Geometry
Given points P(8,0) and Q(0,-6). Find the equation of the
perpendicular bisector of PQ.
y
mPQ= 3
4
4 K1
mAB= O P x
3
Midpoint of PQ = (4, -3)
4 Q
( y 3) ( x 4 )
3 K1
The equation : 4x + 3y -7 = 0
or 4 7 N1
y x
3 3
6 Coordinate Geometry
2PA PB 1
P(x, y)
4PA 2
PB 2
4 ( x 2 ) 2 ( y 3 ) 2 ( x 4 ) 2 ( y 8 ) 2
A(-2,3)
Let P = (x, y) A(-2, 3)
5
( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 52
P(x, y)
Locus of P
x + y 7 = 0 is the equation of
locus of P.
A(-3, 4) y
2
P(x, y)
9(c) (i) C
1
x
O
AP = [ x (3 )]2 ( y 4 )2
B(6, -2)
K1 Use distance
formula
AP = 2PB
K1
AP2 = 4 PB2
Use AP = 2PB
(x+3) + (y 4 )
2 2
= 4 [(x 6) + (y + 2)
2 2
x2 + y2 18x + 8y + 45 = 0 N1
(SPM 2006, P2, Q9) : ANSWERS
Given that A(-1,-2) and B(2,1) are fixed points . Point P moves such that the
ratio of AP to PB is 1 : 2. Find the equation of locus for P.
2 AP = PB
2 ( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2 ( x 2) 2 ( y 1) 2 K1
x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y + 5 = 0
F4
Statistics
From a given set of data,
Marks (e.g. The frequency distribution of
f marks of a group of students)
6-10 12
11-15 20 Students should be able to find .
Total 100
F5 To estimate median from Graph For Question 6(b)
Histogram
Number of people
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
33.5
8. CIRCULAR MEASURE
Radian Degrees
S = r ( must be in
RADIANS)
A = r2
8. CIRCULAR MEASURE
Diagram shows a sector of a circle OABC A
with centre O and radius 4 cm. Given
B
that AOC = 0.8 radians, find the area 0.8c O
K1
Area of sector OABC = x 42 x 0.8
= 6.4 cm 2
K1
Area of triangle OAC = x 42 x sin 0.8
In radians !!!!
= 5.7388 cm 2
K1
Area of shaded region = 6.4 5.7388
N1
= 0.6612 cm2
F4
DIFFERENTIATION :
d u
3x 1 dy dx v
Given that y , find
4x 5 dx
11
(4 x 5) 2
F4
f (x) = 3x2 + 2x 4
f (x) = 6x + 2
f (1) = 8
F4
5
Given that g (x) x 1
2
, find the value of g (1) .
Ya ke
??
F4- 9
5
Given that g (x) x 1
2
, find the value of g (-1) .
d
g (x) = 10x (x + 1)2 4
uv
dx
g (x) = 10x . 4(x2 + 1) 3.2x +(x2+1)4. 10
dy
= 6x2 2x
dx
= 20 , x=2 K1
y dy
x dx
0 .0 5 K1
20
x
x 0 .0 0 2 5 N1
F5
Most important is d
Most important is r !!
F5
x = 0. 96 96 96 (1)
100x = 96. 96 96 .. (2)
(2) (1) 99x = 96
96 32
x= =
99 33
F5 Back to basic
Progressions
Given that Sn = 5n n2 , find the sum from
the 5th to the 10th terms of the progression.
Usual Answer :
S10 S5 = . ???
Correct Answer :
S10 S4
Ans :-54
F5
Linear Law
Linear Law
Bear in mind that ......
1. Scale must be uniform
Y 2. Scale of both axes may defer :
FOLLOW given instructions !
4. Plot against .
X
3.5
x
3.0
x
2.5
2.5 x
1.5
x
1.0
x
0.5
INTEGRATION
(3 x 1) 5
c
( 3x 1)
4
1. dx =
15
(2 3x)5
( 2 3x ) =
4
2. dx c
15
1 1
3. dx = c
( 3x 1) 4
9(3 x 1) 3
2 2
4. dx = c
( 3x 1) 4
9 ( 3x 1) 3
F5
INTEGRATION
SPM 2003, P2, Q3(a) 3 marks
dy
Given that dx = 2x + 2 and y = 6 when x = 1,
find y in terms of x.
dy
Answer: = 2x + 2
dx
y =
(2 x 2)dx
= x2 + 2x + c
x = -1, y = 6: 6 = 1 +2 + c
c = 3
Hence y = x2 + 2x + 3
F5
INTEGRATION
SPM 2004, K2, S3(a) 3 marks
The gradient function of a curve which passes through
A(1, -12) is 3x2 6 . Find the equation of the curve.
Answer:
dy = 3x2 6
dx
y =
(3x 2 6)dx Gradient
Function
= x3 6x + c
x = 1, y = 12 : 12 = 1 6 + c
c = 7
Hence y = x3 6 x 7
F5
AB = OB - OA
= ( 6i + 4j ) ( 2i + j )
A = 4i + 3j K1
l AB l = 4 2 32
= 5
1
Unit vector in the direction of AB = (4i 3 j ) K1 N1
5
F5
Parallel vectors
Given that a and b are parallel vectors, with
a = (m-4)i +2 j and b= -2i + mj. Find the the value of
m.
a=kb
a= b
(m-4) i + 2 j = k (-2i + mj) K1
m- 4 = -2k 1
mk = 2 2 K1
m=2 N1
F5
5 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
sin 2 x
tan2 x sin2 x = 2
sin 2x K1
kos x
sin 2 x kos 2 x sin 2 x
kos 2 x
tan 2 x sin 2 x N1
F5
5 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
2( 1 - 2sin2 x) + 3 sin x - 2 = 0 K1
-4 sin2 x + 3 sin x = 0
sin x ( -4 sin x + 3 ) = 0 K1
3
sin x = 0 , sin x =
4
No. of ways = 4 . 4. 3. 2
= 96
3, 6, 8, 9
F5
Vowels : E, A, I
Consonants : B, S, T, R
Arrangements : C V C V C V C
No. of ways = 4! 3 !
= 144
F5
Two unbiased dice are tossed.
Find the probability that the sum of the two
numbers obtained is more than 4.
Dice B, y
n(S) = 6 x 6 = 36
6 X X X X X X Constraint : x + y > 4
5 X X X X X X
Draw the line x + y = 4
4 X X X X X X
3 X X X X X X We need : x + y > 4
2 X X X X X X
6
P( x + y > 4) = 1
36
1 X X X X X X
5
Dice A, x =
1 2 3 4 5 6 6
F5
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
r = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..n p+q=1
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
= 1
z z z
-1.5 0 1 0 1 0 1.5
F4
Index Numbers
H1
Index Number = I 100
H0
Composite Index =
_
I
wI
w
Problems of index numbers involving
two or more basic years.
Solution of Triangles
The Sine Rule
The Cosine Rule
Area of Triangles
Problems in 3-Dimensions.
Ambiguity cases (More than ONE
answer)
Motion in a Straight Line