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The Parts of The Cell and Their Functions

The document summarizes the parts of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and their functions. It describes the major organelles common to both types of cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles. It notes that eukaryotic cells also contain chloroplasts and have a cell wall made of cellulose, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures. The organelles each perform specialized functions that allow the cell to carry out its required activities.

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Ychel P. Yap
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57 views15 pages

The Parts of The Cell and Their Functions

The document summarizes the parts of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and their functions. It describes the major organelles common to both types of cells including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, lysosomes, and vacuoles. It notes that eukaryotic cells also contain chloroplasts and have a cell wall made of cellulose, while prokaryotic cells lack these structures. The organelles each perform specialized functions that allow the cell to carry out its required activities.

Uploaded by

Ychel P. Yap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Parts of the Cell

and Their Functions


Two types of Cell

Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell


Organelles
The small structures that make up a cell; each organelle
performs a special function to help the cell do its job
for the organism.
Cell Membrane
Made up of a double layer of fats (called lipids) with some
proteins scattered throughout; the proteins form tiny
openings or passageways in the membrane called pores
Nucleus
Largest organelle; made up of 3 parts:
1. Nuclear membrane = thin layer that surrounds the
nucleus; contains pores to let materials in and out
2. Chromosomes = thin threadlike structures made up of
DNA (controls cell activities and provides the
information or recipe the ribosomes need to make
proteins )
3. Nucleolus = makes ribosomes (which make proteins)
Cytoplasm
Clear, thick, jellylike material; contains a large amount of
water (about 70%) and chemicals; may sometimes appear
to be grainy (this grainy appearance comes from the
organelles floating in it)
Cytoskeleton
a web of long tubes and fibers made of protein
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extends from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane;
found winding throughout the cytoplasm; rough ER is
usually found near the nucleus
Ribosomes
Small grainlike bodies (ribosomes are NOT covered in a
membrane)
Golgi bodies
Stacks of flat, membrane-covered sacs; looks a lot like
smooth ER
Mitochondria
Rod-shaped structures that have a folded inner membrane
within an outer membrane
Lysosomes
Small, round structures filled with digestive chemicals
called enzymes
Vacuole
Large, round, fluid-filled sac; plants have one very large
vacuole; animals have a few small ones
Cell wall
Strong and stiff; made of bundles of nonliving cellulose
fibers
Chloroplasts
Large, oval-shaped structures that contain a green
pigment called chlorophyll

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