History of Educational

Technology
Ancient Greece
Elder Sophists used techne to refer to applying
knowledge systematically to the practical art of
instruction
Formulated cognitive rules
Analyzed subject matter
Designed instructional technologies
Devised effective instructional materials
Ancient Greece
Spartan Education
emphasized the development of the physical
body coupled with discipline
exercises and activities that promoted
bodily strength, endurance and vitality
included dancing, wrestling, horseback
riding, swimming and gymnastics
Ancient Greece
Paidonomus
military commander in the public
barracks who taught the boys
Middle Ages
Advent of Scholastic Philosophy
Pierre Abelard introduced technology of
instruction a new method of
structuring and presenting materials
Helped set the style of scholastic
education (Pierre Abelard)
Middle Ages
Search for knowledge and the
application of scientific facts
Developed the most organized
curriculum across all levels
Invented printing press
Scientific method of teaching
Renaissance Period
Tabula Rasa (John Locke)
Orbis Pictus (The World in Pictures) by John
Amos Comenius
Instructional technology development
Multi-sensory materials to teaching
(applies to Montessori schools til today) by
Maria Montessori
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

A Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer

Acknowledged as the founder of pedagogy and as propagandist
of a general education for all people
Used the method to proceed from the easier to more difficult
(concrete to abstract)
Use of actual and real objects that involve most of the senses.
Did not believe in corporal punishment or rote memorization for
instructional purposes
"The role of the educator is to teach children, not subjects."
Maria Montessori
Special method of instruction for the
underprivileged pupils
Devoted time and energy for poor,
handicapped students
Multi-sensory materials to teaching
FRIEDRICH WILHELM AUGUST
FRBEL
Father of kindergarten schools
Emphasized the use of actual objects, which
could be manipulated by the learners
Recommended the use of plays and songs
Encouraged the writing of songs and
discovery of games suited for the grades
Edward Lee Thorndike
Gave emphasis empirical investigation
as basis for organized process of
learning
Together with John Dewey, formulated
the scientific theory of learning and the
scientific method
John Dewey
Introduced a method of instruction in
terms of scientific method in broad
terms
Learning by doing
Together with Edward Thorndike,
formulated the scientific theory of
learning and the scientific method
 19 th Century
Effective technological development
Production of textbooks
Use of blackboards
Improvements in writing implements like
pen and ink

VISUAL INSTRUCTION
resulted from the invention of Photography
 1920 visual media became widely
accepted
1926 educational films were used as
instructional media
1927 programmed learning through a
machine which tested and confirmed
tasks.
1932
First instructional TV program was aired at
the State University of Iowa
The 16mm sound motion picture was
developed and served as the educational
workhorse of the audio-visual movement of
that time
WWII
U.S. government encouraged the
implementation of technology for
instruction for military training programs
Micro-teaching, individualized instruction,
language laboratories, behavioral
objectives, computer-assisted instruction