EDUCATIONAL

PIONEERS
Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956)

• Started the curriculum development movement

• Curriculum-prepares learners for adult life.

• Objectives and activities should group together when tasks are

clarified.

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Werrett Charters (1875-1952)

• Curriculum-a science that emphasizes students’ needs

• Objectives and activities should match. Subject matter or

content relates to objectives

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
William Kilpatrick (1871-1965)

• Curriculum-purposeful child-centered activities; develops

social relationships and small group instruction

• Introduced the project method

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Harold Rugg (1886-1960)

• Curriculum-should develop the whole child; should produce

outcomes

• Emphasized social studies and suggested that the teacher plans

curriculum in advance

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)

• Curriculum-organized around social functions of themes,

organized knowledge and learner’s interest; is a set of
experiences. Subject matter is developed around social
functions and learners’ interests.

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Ralph Tyler (1902-1994)

• Curriculum- a science and an extension of school’s philosophy;

always related to instruction; aims to educate generalists not
specialists.

• Subject matter is organized in terms of knowledge, skills and

values.

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Hilda Taba (1902-1967)

• contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of

concepts development and critical thinking in social studies
curriculum

• helped lay the foundation for diverse student population

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Peter Oliva (1992-2012)

• described how curriculum change is a cooperative endeavor

• Teachers and curriculum specialists constitute the professional

core of planners.

• Significant improvement is achieved through group activity.

Bilbao, P., Dayagbil, F. &Corpuz, B. (2015). Curriculum development. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
Comenius 1592-1679 (Czeck)

• Role of Teacher – To be a permissive facilitator of learning to

base instruction on child’s stages of development.

• Significance – Helped develop a more humanistic view of the

child; devised an educational method.

• Influence on Today’s School – schools organized according to

children’s stages of development.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Comenius 1592-1679 (Czeck)
• Humanistic Perspective
 For a person to focus on their strengths rather than their
faults. The individual is encouraged not look past his or her
flaws as he or she works toward a more satisfied, more
complete life.
Cultural differences are not viewed in the humanistic
perspective as being a result of the differences in human
nature; rather, they are viewed as valid alternative ways of
approaching life. This allows the humanistic perspective to
underscore the value of all humans.
Includes the idea of self-help - that a person can be
responsible for their own happiness, and that an unhappy
or dissatisfied person can make changes to his or her whole
life that will result in their eventual happiness and self-
actualization.
Comenius 1592-1679 (Czeck)

• Purpose of Education - To relate instructions to

children’s natural growth and dev’t; to contribute to
peace and human understanding.

• Curriculum – Vernacular language, reading writing,

mathematics, religion, history, Latin, universal
knowledge.

• Method of Instruction – Based on readiness and stages

of human growth, gradual cumulative, orderly, used of
concrete objects. Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University
Locke 1632-1704 (English)

• Purpose of Education – to develop ideas in the mind based on

perception; to educate individuals capable of self-government.

• Curriculum – Reading, writing, arithmetic, foreign language,

mathematics, history, civil government, physical education.

• Method of Instruction – Sensation; story, gradual, cumulative,

learning

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Locke 1632-1704 (English)

• Role of Teacher – To encourage sense experience; to base

instruction on empirical method.

• Significance – Developed a theory of knowledge based on

sensation.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that emphasizes

sensory observation.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Rousseau 1732-1773 (Swiss French)

• Purpose of Education – To create a learning environment

that allows the child’s innate, natural goodness to flourish.

• Curriculum – Nature; the environment

• Method of Instructions – Sensation; experience with nature

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Rousseau 1732-1773 (Swiss French)

• Role of Teacher – to assist nature or to improve social

conventions on the child.

• Significance – led a romantic revoke against the doctrine of the

child depravity; a forerunner of child-centered progressivism.

• Influence on Today’s School – Permissive schooling based on

child freedom.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Pestalozzi 1748-1827 (Swiss)

• Purpose of Education – To develop the human being’s moral,

mental, and physical powers harmoniously use of sense of
perceptions in forming clear ideas.

• Curriculum – Object lessons; form, number, sounds

• Method of Instructions – Sensation; object lessons; simple to

complex; near to far; concrete to abstract.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Pestalozzi 1748-1827 (Swiss)

• Role of Teacher – To act as a loving facilitator of learning by

creating a homelike school environment, skilled in using the
special method.

• Significance – Devised educational method that changed

elementary education.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling based on emotional

security and object learning.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Herbart 1776-1841 (German)

• Purpose of Education – To contribute to the human being’s

moral development through knowledge and ethics.

• Curriculum – Curriculum correlation, interests, morals; logics,

mathematics, literature, history, music, art.

• Method of Instructions – Preparation, presentation, association,

systematization, application.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Herbart 1776-1841 (German)

• Role of Teacher – To stimulate the learner’s intellectual and

moral development by formal stages of instruction.

• Significance – Devise a formed method of instruction based

on the planned and sequenced lesson.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that stresses literary

and historical materials designed to enlarge the learner’s
interest.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Froebel 1782-1852 (German)

• Purpose of Education – To bring out and to develop the talent

spiritual essence of the child in prepared environment.

• Curriculum – Songs, stories, games, gifts, occupation

• Method of Instructions – Self-activity; play

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Froebel 1782-1852 (German)

• Role of Teacher – To facilitate children’s growth

• Significance – Created the kindergarten a special early

childhood learning environment.

• Influence on Today’s School – Preschools designed to liberate

the child creativity.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Spencer 1820-1903 (English)

• Purpose of Education – To enable human beings to live

effectively, economically, scientifically

• Curriculum – Practical, utilitarian and scientific objects.

• Method of Instructions – Sensation and the scientific method;

activities.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Spencer 1820-1903 (English)

• Role of Teacher – To organize instruction in terms of basic life

activities.

• Significance – A leading curriculum theorist who stressed

scientific life activities.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that stresses

scientific knowledge and competitive values.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Dewey 1859-1952 (American)

• Purpose of Education – to contribute to the individual’s

personal, social and intellectual growth.

• Curriculum – Making and doing; history and geography science;

problems

• Method of Instructions – Problems solving according to the

scientific method

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Dewey 1859-1952 (American)

• Role of Teacher – To create a learning environment based on

the shared experience of the community of learners.

• Significance – Developed the pragmatic experimentalist

philosophy of education.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that emphasizes

problem solving and activities in a context of community.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Montessori (1870-1952)

• Purpose of Education – To assist children’s sensory, muscular,

and intellectual development in a prepared environment.

• Curriculum – Motor and sensory skills; pre-planned materials

• Method of Instructions – Spontaneous learning; activities;

practical, sensory and formal skills exercises.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Montessori (1870-1952)

• Role of Teacher – To act as a facilitator or director of

learning by using didactic materials in a prepared
environment.

• Significance – Developed a widely used method and philosophy

of early childhood education.

• Influence on Today’s School – Early childhood schooling that is

intellectually and developmentally stimulating.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Counts 1889-1974 (American)

• Purpose of Education – To create a new society that

encompasses science, technology and democracy.

• Curriculum – Social issues, history, science, technology, and the

social science.

• Method of Instructions – Problem solving according to social

methodologies.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Counts 1889-1974 (American)

• Role of Teacher – To become an educational statesperson who

serves as a leader in reconstructing society.

• Significance – Originated the social reconstructionist view

of the school.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schools designed to stimulate

social planning and reconstruction.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Piaget 1896-1974 (Swiss)

• Purpose of Education – To organize education in terms of

children’s patterns of growth and development.

• Curriculum – Concrete and formal operations

• Method of Instructions – Individualized programs; exploration

and experimentation with concrete materials.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Piaget 1896-1974 (Swiss)

• Role of Teacher – To organize instruction to stages of cognitive

development.

• Significance – Formulated a theory of cognitive

development.

• Influence on Today’s School – Schooling organized around

cognitive developmental stages.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Hutchins 1899-1977 (American)

• Purpose of Education – To educate human beings to search for

truth, which is found in the wisdom of human race.

• Curriculum – Liberal arts and sciences; great books

• Method of Instructions – Identifying, analyzing and reflecting on

intellectual concerns.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University

Hutchins 1899-1977 (American)

• Role of Teacher – To ask leading and challenging questions that

stimulate students to pursue truth.

• Significance – A leading spokesman for the perennialist

perspective in education.

• Influence on Today’s School –Schooling that emphasizes the

liberal arts curriculum.

Lecture Slides of Dr. Ronaldo Elicay (2013), Ateneo de Naga University