Endnote & APA 6TH

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
(APA 6TH): REFERENCING STYLE

Noor Adilah Azmi
Senior Librarian | Pustakawan Kanan
Reference and Research Division | Bahagian Rujukan dan Penyelidikan
Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut,
11800, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang
orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-8221
TOPICS
INTRODUCTION
BASIC AREAS OF APA STYLE
TYPE OF REFERENCES
TYPE OF IN-TEXT CITATIONS
EXAMPLE OF AUTHOR’S NAMES
CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT
EXAMPLE OF REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016
WHAT IS APA?
Used in the
social
sciences,
including
psychology
Was Most
developed by commonly
the American
Psychological used to cite
Association sources within
the social
sciences
Basic
In-text
formatting of
citations
the paper
References
page at the Avoiding
end of a plagiarism
paper BASIC
AREAS OF
APA STYLE

TYPE OF REFERENCES
Article
Website Journal
Book Thesis
Conference
Report Proceedings Media collection

• A way of giving credit to
individuals for their creative
IN-TEXT and intellectual works that
CITATION you utilized to support your
research
• Usually come at the end of a

text (essay or research report)
REFERENCES and should contain only those
works cited within the text.
• Arrange by alphabetical
In-Text Citations
References

• Copy an author's words directly from the text

and use that exact wording in your thesis
DIRECT • Provide Author, Year of publication and Pages

• Example : (Smith, 2015, p. 112)
• Example : (Smith, 2015, pp. 112-113)
QUOTATION • Example : (Smith, 2015, para 4) – Online
material
• Putting an author’s ideas

in your own words
Paraphrasing • Usually makes the passage
shorter than the original
DIRECT
QUOTATION
Info
focused
Author
focused
DIRECT QUOTATION
INFO-FOCUSED
"Students often had difficulty using APA style,
especially when it was their first time“ (Jones,
1998, p. 4).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had
difficulty using APA style, especially when it was
their first time” (p. 4).
PARAPHRASING
Original:
“Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can
consume 75 pounds of food a day”.
Paraphrase:
"A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia
leaves and hay everyday“ (John, 2015).
TIPS ON QUOTING AND
PARAPHRASING
• acknowledges • agrees
• concludes • confirms
• emphasizes • allows
• replies • criticizes
• advises • lists
• concurs • reveals
• expresses • answers
• reports • declares
• responds • objects
• Interprets • says
• charges • believes
• discusses • disagrees
• opposes • offers
• thinks • suggests
• claims • remarks
• disputes • writes
EXAMPLE OF AUTHOR’S NAMES:
IN TEXT CITATION

EXAMPLE OF AUTHOR’S NAMES
FULL NAME IN-TEXT CITATIONS
Siti Nurhaliza binti Taruddin (Siti Nurhaliza Taruddin, 2016)
Siti Nurhaliza Taruddin (2016)
Kirubananthan a/l Sundaraju (Kirubananthan Sundaraju, 2016)
Kirubananthan Sundaraju (2016)
Lee Chong Wei (Lee, 2015)
Lee (2015)
Britney Spears (Spears, 2014)
Spears (2014)
James W. William (William, 2013)
William (2013)
Catherine Wong Siew Wing (Wong, 2015)
Wong (2015)
World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2010)
World Health Organization (2010)
CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT

ONE WORK BY ONE AUTHOR

ONE WORK BY ONE AUTHOR
INFO-FOCUSED
1998).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had
ONE WORK BY TWO AUTHORS

ONE WORK BY TWO AUTHORS
INFO-FOCUSED
especially when it was their first time“ (Jones & Petty,
1998).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Jones and Petty (1998), "Students often had
ONE WORK BY THREE TO FIVE
AUTHORS

AUTHORS
INFO-FOCUSED
especially when it was their first time” (Kernis,
Cornell, & Harlow, 1993)
Subsequent citations:
especially when it was their first time” (Kernis et
al., 1993)
AUTHORS
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry and
Harlow (1993) "Students often had difficulty
using APA style, especially when it was their first
time”.
According to Kernis et al. (1993) "Students often
had difficulty using APA style, especially when it
was their first time”.
ONE WORK BY SIX OR MORE
AUTHORS

AUTHORS
INFO-FOCUSED
al., 1993).
al., 1993)
AUTHORS
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Kernis et al. (1993) "Students often had difficulty
using APA style, especially when it was their first
time”.
According to Kernis et al. (1993) "Students often
had difficulty using APA style, especially when it
was their first time”.
GROUPS AS AUTHORS

GROUPS AS AUTHORS
INFO-FOCUSED
“Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany
to sample their exquisite wines” (World Health
Organization, 2015).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to World Health Organization (2015) “Any
trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample
their exquisite wines”.
TWO OR MORE WORKS IN THE
SAME PARENTHESES
INFO-FOCUSED
1998; Sun, 1995).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Jones (1998) and Sun (1995)
especially when it was their first time”.
AUTHORS WITH THE SAME LAST
NAME
INFO-FOCUSED
especially when it was their first time“ (E. Jones,
1998; L. Jones, 1995).
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to E. Jones (1998) and L. Jones (1995)
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE
SAME AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR
INFO-FOCUSED
especially when it was their first time“ (Jones &
Sun, 2000a, 2000b)
AUTHOR-FOCUSED
According to Jones and Sun (2000a, 2000b)
NO IDENTIFIED AUTHOR OR WITH
AN ANONYMOUS AUTHOR
“Any trip to Italy should include a visit

to Tuscany to sample their exquisite
wines” (Anonymous, 2010)

UNKNOWN AUTHOR AND
UNKNOWN DATE
Another study of students and

research decisions discovered that
students succeeded with tutoring
("Tutoring and APA," n.d.).

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
 Interviews, letters, e-mails, memos and other person-to-person

communication
 Cite personal communications in text only
A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her

students had difficulties with APA style (personal
communication, November 3, 2002).

EXAMPLES OF
REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHIES

BOOK
Author A. A. (Year). Title.

Place Published: Publisher.
Alverez, A. (1970). The savage

god: A study of suicide.
New York: Random House.
CHAPTER IN A BOOK
Author A. A. & Author B. B. (Year). Title
of chapter or entry. In Editor A. A.
& Editor B. B. (Eds.), Title of book
(pages). Place Published: Publisher.
Alverez, A. & Sun J. (2010). A study of

suicide. In Smith, J. W. & Shotton,
M. A. (Eds.), The savage god (55-
60). New York: Random House.
E-BOOK
Author A. A. (Year of
Publication). Title of the
book: Subtitle of the book.
Place of publication:
Publisher. Retrieved from URL
Kornblum, W. (2002). At sea in the city:

New York from the water’s edge.
Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
Retrieved from http://www.workman.
com/algonquin
JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH URL
Author A. A. (Year of Publication).

Title of article. Journal Title,
volume(issue), pages.
Retrieved from complete URL
Banham, G. (2001). Transcendental

philosophy and artificial life. Cultural
Machine, 3(2) 111-155. Retrieved from
http://www.culturemachine.net/index
URL
JOURNAL TITLE
VOLUME PAGES
ISSUE

JOURNAL ARTICLE WITH DOI

Retrieved from DOI
Banham, G. (2001). Transcendental

philosophy and artificial life. Cultural
Machine, 3. Retrieved from
doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.255
ARTICLE IN
NEWSPAPER/MAGAZINE/JOURNAL

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to

strengthen state energy policies. The
Country Today, 5(10), 300-310.

THESIS
Author A. A. (Year).
Title of thesis (Unpublished
Doctoral dissertation or master’s
thesis). Name of Institution,
Location.

god: A study of suicide (Unpublished
Doctoral dissertation). Universiti
Sains Malaysia, Penang.
THESIS (ONLINE)
Author A. A. (Year).
Title of thesis (Doctoral
dissertation or master’s
thesis). Retrieved form Name of
database

god: A study of suicide (Master’s
thesis). Available from Proquest
Dissertations and Theses database.
(UMI No. 1234567)
INTERVIEW RECORDED & AVAILABLE
IN AN ARCHIVE
Interviewee (Year, Month Day
Interview). Interview by
[Description of material]. Name of
collection. Name of Repository,
Location.
Lee, C. W. (2015, October 31). Interview

by Noor Adilah Azmi [tape recording].
President’s Oral History Project. USM
Repository, Penang.
OTHER RESOURCES
• Cite right : a quick guide to citation styles–MLA, APA, Chicago, the

sciences, professions, and more / Charles Lipson - (KRISALIS & eBrary)
• https://referencephsusm.wordpress.com/citation-styles-simple-
guides/
• Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism (2nd
Edition) - (eBrary)

ENDNOTE

TOPICS
Introduction
Building a Library &

Creating the references
Editing library
Cite while you write

1. Introduction to Endnote,
citation & bibliography
By the time you complete this section, user should be able to

understand what is format citations and bibliography according
to IPS guidelines

• Software program available free to school, staff
and students of Universiti Sains Malaysia
• Used to store and organize citation information
What is Endnote • Used with Microsoft Word, Apple Pages '09,
OpenOffice.org Writer 3 and Mathematica 8, to
software insert citations and create bibliographies in the
style of your choice when composing research
papers
How to get the • Reference Counter, Hamzah

Sendut Library
software and
• E-mail to rujukan@usm.my
install them
2. Building a Library &
Creating the References

b. Opening & Create a Library

1. Click File
& Click
New

2. Rename 3. Click
File Name Save

c. Insert Citation Manually
i. (Book)

1. Click New
Reference

2. Choose
Book

ii. (Article)

1. Click New
Reference

2. Choose
Journal
Article

iii. (Thesis)

1. Click New
Reference

2. Choose
Thesis

d. Import From Discovery

1. Open library
website
www.lib.usm.my
3. Type Keyword
2. Click Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Discovery
5. Click Folder
4. Click the icon

6. Select all
7. Click Export

9. Click Save
8. Choose Direct
Export to Endnote

e. Import From Google Scholar

1. Open Google
Scholar
2. Click Setting
3. Click Show links to

import citations into
Endnote
4. Click Save

1. Type keyword

2. Click Import
into Endnote

3. Editing Library

Find duplicate
Creating Custom Groups
Find a full text
Attach PDF
a. Find duplicates

1. Click
References
2. Click Find
Duplicates

This record automatic
will go to Trash
3. Choose the
record to keep
in references

b. Creating Custom Groups

1. Select the
references
2. Click Add
References To
and Click
Create
Custom
Group

3. Rename the
Groups

c. Find a Full Text

1. Select the
references
2. Click Find
Full Text

d. Attach PDF

1. Select the
reference
2.Click File
Attachments
3.Click Attach
File

e. Back-up Your Endnote Library

1. Click File
2. Click Save a
copy

4. Cite While You Write

Insert Citation
Editing citation style
Edit layout (font, spacing, title of

bibliography, font size)
Edit & Manage citation style
Update citations & bibliographies

a. Insert Citation

1. Type the sentences 2. Go to Endnote
Library
3.Click icon
Insert Citation

b. Editing citation styles

2. Choose citations
style
1. Click Endnote
X7 toolbar

c. Editing layout

1. Click Configure
Bibliography

1. Click Layout.
Edit font, size
and others

d. Edit and Manage Citation
Styles

1. Click Edit &
Manage
Citations
2. Choose
Formatting
references

e. Update Citations &
Bibliographies

1. Click update
citations &
bibliography after
editing in Endnote
Library

Questions?
Reference Counter,
Ground Floor, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut
e-mail: rujukan@usm.my / nooradilah@usm.my
Tel: 04-6535350

Thank You
Transforming Higher Education For A Sustainable Tomorrow

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AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

(APA 6TH): REFERENCING STYLE

BASIC AREAS OF APA STYLE

TYPE OF IN-TEXT CITATIONS

EXAMPLE OF AUTHOR’S NAMES

CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

• Usually come at the end of a

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

• Copy an author's words directly from the text

DIRECT • Provide Author, Year of publication and Pages

• Putting an author’s ideas

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

“Any trip to Italy should include a visit

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Another study of students and

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

 Interviews, letters, e-mails, memos and other person-to-person

A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Author A. A. (Year). Title.

Alverez, A. (1970). The savage

Alverez, A. & Sun J. (2010). A study of

Kornblum, W. (2002). At sea in the city:

Author A. A. (Year of Publication).

Banham, G. (2001). Transcendental

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Author A. A. (Year of Publication).

Banham, G. (2001). Transcendental

Author A. A. (Year of Publication).

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Alverez, A. (2015). The savage

Alverez, A. (2015). The savage

Lee, C. W. (2015, October 31). Interview

• Cite right : a quick guide to citation styles–MLA, APA, Chicago, the

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Building a Library &

Cite while you write

By the time you complete this section, user should be able to

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

How to get the • Reference Counter, Hamzah

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016

Reference & Research Division, PHS 2016