CELL CYCLE

NUR MAHMUDAH
nurmahmudah12@gmail.com
CELL (EUKARYOT)
 OUTLINES
• Somatic Cell Cycle
• Controller
• Reproductive Cell Cycle
 CELL CYCLE
• Cells reproduce themselves.
• Somatic cell (soma= body) :any cell of the
body.
• Germ cell (germ=gamete) : sperm or oocyte.
 SOMATIC CELL CYCLE

• A nuclear division (mitosis,mitos = thread) and

a cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis, cyto=cell &
kinesis=movement)
• Produce two identical cells (same number and
kind of chromosomes as the original cell).
• Replaces dead or injured cells and adds new
ones during tissue growth.
SOMATIC CELL CYCLE
 INTERPHASE
• G1 (gaps) : replicates most of its organelles,
and cytosolic components. Centrosomes
replicates begin (8 -10 hours).
• S (synthesis) : replicates DNA (8 hours).
• G2 : cell growth continues, enzymes and other
proteins are synthesized in preparation for cell
division, and replication of centrosomes is
completed (4-8 hours).
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 MITOSIS
• Profase
METAFASE
ANAFASE
TELOFASE
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 CONTROL OF CELL DESTINY
Cyclins (cellular
proteins ), so named
because their levels
rise and fall during
the cell cycle.
Enzymes called Cyclin
dependent
protein kinases
(Cdks)-transfer a
phosphate group
from ATP to a protein
to activate the
protein.
CYCLIN
CDK
 CELLULAR DEATH
• Cellular death is also regulated, apoptosis.
• In apoptosis, a triggering agent from either outside
or inside the cell causes “cell-suicide” genes to
produce enzymes that damage the cell in several
ways, including disruption of its cytoskeleton and
nucleus cell shrinksphagocytosis by phagocyte
• Apoptosis is a normal type of cell death; in contrast
necrosis is a pathological type of cell death that
results from tissue injury.
 REPRODUCTIVE CELL CYCLE
• special two step division called meiosis
(number of chromosomes is reduced by half).
• Produces four gametes (the cells needed to
form the next generation of sexually
reproducing organisms).
• Each gamete contain 23 chromosomes, all
with a unique combination of mom's and
dad's genes
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THANK YOU