Pembahasan Soal

Problems 6.18.
Nomer 6.18

A feed stream of 16.000 lb/hr of 7% by weight NaCl solution is concentrated to a

40% by weight solution in an evaporator. The feed enters the evaporator, where it
is heated to 180℉. The vapor from the solution and the concentrated solution
leave at 180℉. Steam at the rate of 15.000 lb/hr enters at 230℉ and leaves as
condensate at 230℃. See Figure P6.18.
a) What is the temperature of the feed as it enters the evaporator?
b) What weight of 40% NaCl is produced per hour?

Assume that the following data apply:

Average 𝐶𝑝 7% NaCl soln = 0.92 Btu/(lb)(℉)
Average 𝐶𝑝 40% NaCl soln = 0.85 Btu/(lb)(℉)
∆𝐻෡𝑣𝑎𝑝 at H2O at 180℉ = 990 Btu/lb
∆𝐻෡𝑣𝑎𝑝 at H2O at 230℉ = 959 Btu/lb
 H2O Vapor
180℉

Saturated Steam
230℉
Concentrated Solution
Feed
40% NaCl
7% NaCl
180℉
16.000 lb/hr

Condensate 230℉

Figure P6.18
 STEP I ->“Menentukan Derajat Kebebasan”

𝑁𝑉 = 5 2 + 2 + 1 = 21
𝑁𝑟 =
Material balance (NaCl, H2O) 2
Energi Balance 1 𝑁𝑑 = 𝑁𝑉 − 𝑁𝑅
Specification 𝑁𝑑 = 21 − 21
Consentration NaCl (1, 3) 2 𝑁𝑑 = 0
𝑇2 = 𝑇4 2
𝑇5 = 𝑇3 2
Rate feed 1
Rate steam 1
Consentration NaCl = 0 (2, 4, 5) 3
𝑄=0 1
P 5
Material balance 1 +
21
 STEP II -> Melakukan Perhitungan

W
H2O 100%

F P
Evapaporator
NaCl 7% NaCl 40%
H2O 93% H2O 60%

Neraca Massa NaCl S C

0,07𝐹 = 0,4𝑃 𝐹 =𝑊+𝑃
0,07 × 16.000 = 0,4𝑃 𝑊 =𝐹−𝑃
𝑃 = 2.800 𝑙𝑏 𝑊 = 16.000 𝑙𝑏 − 2.800 lb Neraca Massa
𝑊 = 13.200 𝑙𝑏 𝑆=𝐶
𝑆 = 𝐶= 15.000 lb
Neraca Energi Umum
∆𝐸 = 𝑄 + 𝑊 − ∆ 𝐻 + 𝐾 + 𝑃

∆𝐸 = 𝑄 + 𝑊 − ∆ 𝐻 + 𝐾 + 𝑃
=0 =0 =0 =0

Asumsi Adiabatis
𝑄=0
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 180℉

𝑄 = ∆𝐻
∆𝐻 = 0
∆𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡 − ∆𝐻𝑖𝑛 = 0
∆𝐻𝑖𝑛 = ∆𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡
∆𝐻𝐹 + ∆𝐻𝑆 = ∆𝐻𝑊 + ∆𝐻𝑃 + ∆𝐻𝐶 …. (1)
# ∆𝐻𝐹 = 𝑚. 𝐶𝑃 . ∆𝑇
= 16.000 𝑙𝑏 . 0,92 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏. ℉ . 𝑇 − 180℉
∆𝐻𝐹 = 14.720 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ℉ . 𝑇 − 180℉

# ∆𝐻𝑆 = 𝑚. ∆𝐻𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚. 𝐶𝑃 . ∆𝑇
= 15.000 𝑙𝑏 . 959 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏 + 15.000 𝑙𝑏 . 0,92 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏. ℉ . 230℉ − 180℉
∆𝐻𝑆 = 15.150.000 𝐵𝑡𝑢
# ∆𝐻𝑃 = 𝑚. 𝐶𝑃 . ∆𝑇
= 2.800 𝑙𝑏 . 0,85 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏. ℉ . 180℉ − 180℉
∆𝐻𝑃 = 0

# ∆𝐻𝑊 = 𝑚. ∆𝐻𝑣𝑎𝑝 + 𝑚. 𝐶𝑃 . ∆𝑇
= 13.200 𝑙𝑏 . 990 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏 + 13.200 𝑙𝑏 . 1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏. ℉ . 180℉ − 180℉
∆𝐻𝑊 = 13.070.000 𝐵𝑡𝑢

# ∆𝐻𝐶 = 𝑚. 𝐶𝑃 . ∆𝑇
= 15.000 𝑙𝑏 . 1 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ𝑙𝑏. ℉ . 230℉ − 180℉
∆𝐻𝐶 = 750.000 𝐵𝑡𝑢

# ∆𝐻𝐹 + ∆𝐻𝑆 = ∆𝐻𝑊 + ∆𝐻𝑃 + ∆𝐻𝐶 …. (1)

14.720 𝐵𝑡𝑢 Τ℉ . 𝑇 − 180℉ = 13.070.000 𝐵𝑡𝑢 + 0 + 750.000 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑇 = 89,65℉

Jadi,
a) Temperatur feed yang masuk ke evaporator yaitu sebesar 89,65℉
b) Massa 40% NaCl yang diproduksi per jam sebesar 2.800 lb.
 END

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