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Isentropic Process
Isentropic Process
THERMODYNAMICS
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Q = W + ΔE ; ΔE is the increase in the energy of the system
Q – the heat transferred to the system, W is the amount of work
transferred from the system
This law is based on the principle of conservation of energy.
In an ideal gas there are no intermolecular forces of attraction
and repulsion, hence internal energy is function of temperature,
U =f(T)
E = Ek + Ep + U ; Ek – kinetic energy , Ep – potential energy
In absence of motion & gravity Ek = 0 & Ep = 0
Q = ΔU + W
ΔW = ΔW shaft + ΔW pdv + ΔW electrical + ……. , if pdV work is only
present then ΔQ = ΔU + pdV
SPECIFIC HEATS
AT CONSTANT VOLUME cv = [∂u/∂T] v
For constant volume process ΔQ = ΔU ; cv = [∂Q/∂T] v
At constant pressure cp = [∂h/∂t] p ; h is enthalpy of the
substance h = u + pv ; since dQ = du + pdv, at constant
pressure pdv = d(pv); (dQ)p = du + d(pv) = d(u + pv)
(dQ)p = dh ; or heat transferred at constant pressure increase
the enthalpy of the system.
For an ideal gas the enthalpy becomes h = u + RT. Since
internal energy of the ideal gas depends only on the
temperature, the enthalpy of an ideal gas depends on
temperature only. H = f(T)
SPECIFIC HEATS
KINETIC ENERGY
INTERNAL ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
THE ENERGY EQUATION
w
cv
2
ACTUAL PROCESS – ADIABATIC , IDEALISED PROCESS – ISENTROPIC,
FIXED INLET & OUTLET PRESSURE, NEGLECT KINETIC & POTENTIAL
ENERGY CHANGES.
ISENTROPIC PROCESS FOR COMPRESSORS