Disease

Pages 329-343
 Disease
 Does not allow the body to
function normally
 Can affect individual organs
or an entire body system
 Divided into two groups –
infectious and non-infectious
Infectious Disease
 A disease that can be passed
from organism to organism
 Caused by tiny organisms
called PATHOGENS
 4 KINDS OF
PATHOGENS
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Fungi
 Protist
Pathogens can come
from
 Another person
 Contaminated objects
 Animal bite
 Environment
Immune System
responsible for
 distinguishing (telling the
difference) between the
different kinds of pathogens
 Reacting to each kind
according to its type
When a pathogen
enters the body
 It works by damaging
individual cells within the
organs
 In some cases it attacks an
entire body system
 Some Infectious
Diseases You Should
Know
 Colds
 Flu
 Strep Throat
 Athlete’s Foot
 AIDS
 Colds
 Illness caused by a viral infection
located in the respiratory system
 The cold virus multiplies and attacks
the mucous membranes of the nose
and throat causing the common
effects of the cold (sore throat, runny
nose, fever…)
 Cold can not be treated with an
antibiotic because it is caused by a
virus
 Flu
 Influenza, commonly known as
“the flu”, is a highly contagious
viral disease of the respiratory
system
 Typically causes fever, muscle
aches, and a more severe cough
than the common cold and
usually lasts longer
 Athlete’s foot
 Common fungal infection of the
skin of the feet
 May be contracted from public
environments
 Grows in the warm and moist
environment usually between the
toes
 Difficult to cure
 AIDS
 Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
 Caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
 The virus attacks the cells in the
immune system making the
organism unable to fight off other
pathogens that may attack the
body
 Strep Throat
 Contagious disease caused by
bacterial infection
 Symptoms include fever, pain,
redness and swelling of the
throat and tonsils
 May produce mild or severe
symptoms
 Let’s follow the
journey of a
pathogen as it
attacks its victim!
What type of pathogen is
Salmonella?
  Salmonella
 is a bacterium

What was the source

of the pathogen?
 Source of the pathogen
 Contaminated food

What is the first

defense?
 Stomach acid destroys some
of the bacteria
 Macrophages try to destroy
the Salmonella

What does the body

do next to try and get
rid of the pathogen?
How does Salmonella
attack the body?
 Enters the cells of the villi and
destroys them
 The destroyed cells release
distress chemicals

What causes the diarrhea?

 The waves of peristalsis are so
rapid that the large intestine is
unable to absorb the water

How does Salmonella

cause your body to
ache?
 The chemicals released from
the cells leak into the blood
stream and go into the
muscle tissue

Does the medicine

kill the Salmonella?
How does the
immune system
begin to respond to
the Salmonella
invasion?
 The immune system identifies
the pathogen and produces
helper cells
 Helper cells “help” the
macrophages to do their job –
destroy the Salmonella
 Non-infectious
Diseases
 Not caused by pathogens in
the body
 Not spread from organism to
organism
Non-infectious Diseases
are caused by
malfunctions in the body.
 Heredity – information you get
from your parents
 The environment – examples
are sun, radiation, chemicals
 Lifestyle choices – smoking,
drugs, alcohol
Types of Noninfectious
Diseases

 Diabetes
 Asthma
 Parkinson’s disease
 Skin Cancer
 Diabetes
 A disease that results in
glucose (sugar) level being
higher than normal.
 It is caused by the person’s
inability to either produce
or use properly a natural
chemical made in the body
(pancreas) called insulin.
Diabetes may lead to

 Kidney disease
 Heart disease
 Vision problems
High levels of blood
sugar lead to disorders

 Like an increase in
problems with circulation
 Parkinson’s
Disease
 Disease of the nervous
system that occurs when
nerve cells in the brain stop
functioning properly, affecting
the muscular system
 Parkinson’s
Disease
Major symptoms
 Severe shaking (tremors)
 Disabilities involving
movement
At present, there is no
cure
Skin Cancer
 Disease in which skin cells
found in the outer layers of
the skin become damaged.
Factors that lead to
Skin Cancer
 Damaging ultraviolet rays
(UV) from the sun or tanning
beds
 heredity
 Asthma
 Affects the lungs and the
airways that deliver air to the
lungs
 Causes periodic attacks of
wheezing and difficulty
breathing
 Asthma attacks
 Occur when the airways become
inflamed in response to a
stimulus, such as dust, mold,
pets, exercise, or cold weather
 Some attacks start for no
apparent reason
Resources
 Body Story: Germs. Discovery Channel
School. 2002.
unitedstreaming. 5 December 2006
<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>
 www.a1organics.com/images/pathogens.jpg
 www.monografias.com/trabajos5/virus/Image166.gif
 www.uwlax.edu/.../Visuals/athletesfoot.jpg
 www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../paramecium1.gif
 www.fordogtrainers.com
 moon.ouhsc.edu
 www.wcasohio.org
 www.kidsplanet.org
 www.missouri.edu
 tiee.ecoed.net
 www.moea.state.mn.us
 colds.upmc.com