Tunneling in ice Ih

• Energy estimate for the collective tunneling in ice Ih:

g ∼ 0.146 - 1 meV ≈ 1 .7 – 11.6 K
• Corresponding to
k ∼ 7.39 - 50.64 cm-1
𝜆 ∼ 1.2 – 8.5 mm
ν ∼ 2π x 35.3 – 241.8 GHz
 Empirical equations for absorption in ice Ih
• Woschnagg & Price (2001):
absorption coefficient increases
𝜕𝛼
~ 0.01𝛼 K-1
𝜕𝑇
1 % per Kelvin from wavelengths
175 nm to ~1cm
Empirical equations for absorption in ice Ih

• Zhang et al. (2001): Fitting curve between

40 GHz and 1 THz
′′
1 𝐴
𝑛 = [ + 𝐵𝜈 𝐶 ]
2𝑛′ 𝜈
where at 243 K
𝐴 = 4.04 × 10−5 GHz
𝐵 = 3.65 × 10−5 GHz-1
𝐶 = 1.083
 Empirical equations for absorption in ice Ih
• Model for dielectric constant by
Hufford (1991) / Mishima (1983)
′′ 𝛼
𝜖 = + 𝛽𝜈
𝜈
where
𝛼 = (0.00504 + 0.0062Θ) ∙ 𝑒 −22.1Θ
𝐵1 𝑒 𝑏/𝑇 2
𝛽= + 𝐵2 𝜈
𝑇 (𝑒 𝑏Τ𝑇 − 1)2
300𝐾
Θ= −1
𝑇
Temperatures close to the melting point:
Compilation by Warren & Brandt (2008)
Imaginary part in region of interest:
Infrared measurements of ice Ih at cryogenic
temperatures: Grundy & Schmitt (1998)
Measurements for cubic Ic at 13K:
Hudson & Moore 1995
IR measurements for amorphous/crystalline
ice down to 10K: Maldoni et al. (1998)