The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

The Internet

• The internet
– A network of networks
– The internet transmits data from one computer
(called a host) to another
• Internet networks
– Linked networks that work much the same way --
they pass data around in packets, each of which
carries the addresses of its sender and receiver
Internet ‘Discussion’ (1)
Internet ‘Discussion’ (1)
Internet ‘Discussion’ (2)
 How the Internet Works
 Transport control protocol (TCP)
 A protocol that operates at the transport layer and is
used in combination with IP by most Internet
applications
 Backbone
 An Internet high-speed, long distance communications
links (like a bus; wire that connects nodes)
 Uniform resource locator (URL)
 An assigned address on the Internet for each computer
 E.g., http://www.yorku.ca/
 Domain Affiliations
Domain Affiliations
arts cultural and entertainment activities
com business organizations
edu educational sites
firm businesses and firms
gov government sites
info information service providers
mil military sites
nom individuals
net networking organizations
org organizations
rec recreational activities
store businesses offering goods for purchase
web entities related to World Wide Web activities
net networking organizations
 Access to the Internet
Access to the Internet
 LAN servers
• Local servers can provide access to the Internet through
normal connections (e.g., Ethernet)
 Serial line internet protocol (SLIP) and
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
• Communications protocol software that transmits packets over
telephone lines, allowing dial-up access to the Internet
 Connection via an on-line service
• Examples are America Online and Microsoft Network. These
services usually require sign-up procedures
Three Ways to Access the
Internet
 Internet Service Providers
 Internet service provider (ISP)
 Any company that provides individuals or
companies with access to the Internet
 Thousands of providers including large
communications companies
 Need an account with the ISP and software that
links with TCP/IP
 ISP Examples
Internet Service Provider Web Address
AT&T WorldNet Service www.att.com
Digex, Inc. www.digex.net
GTE Internetworking www.gte.net
IBM Internet Connection www.ibm.net
MCI Internet www.mci2000.com
NetCom On-Line Communication www.netcom.com
Services
PSINet, Inc. www.psinet.com
Sprint Internet Services www.sprint.net
Uunet Technologies, Inc. www.us.uu.net
 Internet Services
 E-mail
 Telnet
 FTP
 Usenet and newsgroups
 Chat rooms
 Internet phone
 Internet videoconferencing
 Content streaming
 Selected Usenet Groups
alt.fan.addams.family alt.life.itself
alt.pets alt.fan.bevis-n-butthead
alt.autos.camaro alt.fan.leonardo-dicaprio
alt.cloning alt.history
alt.fan.u2 alt.music.blues
alt.sports.baseball.cinci-red alt.music.zz-top
alt.politics.socialism alt.sports.college.sec
alt.sports.soccer.european.uk
 Internet Services
 Internet telephony
 Also called voice-over-IP (VOIP)
• Technology that enables network managers to route
phone calls and fax transmissions over the same
network they use for data
 VOIP ‘Discussion’
Internet telephony is a category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for
telephone calls. For users who have free, or fixed-price, Internet
access, Internet telephony software essentially provides free
telephone calls anywhere in the world. To date, however, Internet
telephony does not offer the same quality of telephone service as
direct telephone connections.
There are many Internet telephony applications available. Some,
like CoolTalk and NetMeeting, come bundled with popular Web
browsers. Others are stand-alone products. Internet telephony
products are sometimes called IP telephony, Voice over the
Internet (VOI) or Voice over IP (VOIP) products.
 Content Streaming
 Content streaming
• A method for transferring multimedia files over the
Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures
plays continuously, without a break, or very few of
them
• It also enables users to browse large files in real
time
 The World Wide Web
 World Wide Web
• A collection of tens of thousands of independently-
owned computers that work together as one in an
Internet service
 WWW Terminology
 Home page
• The cover page for a Web site that has graphics,
titles, coloured text, etc.
 Hypermedia
• Tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing
users to access topics in whatever order they wish
 Hypertext markup language (HTML)
• The standard page description language for Web
pages
 Some Interesting Web Sites

Library of Congress http://lcweb.loc.gov

PointCast http://www.pointcast.com
In-Box Direct http://www.netscape.com
Online Career Center http://occ.com
New York Times http://www.nytimes.com
Project Gutenberg http://www.gutenberg.org
Sportsline USA http://www.sportsline.com
White House http://www.whitehouse.gov
MIT Lab for Computer Science http://www.lcs.mit.edu
The Wall Street Journal http://www.wsj.com
 WWW Terminology
 Web browser
• Software that creates a unique hypermedia-based
menu on your computer screen and provides a
graphical interface to the Web
 Web page
• A screen of information sent to a requesting user
and presented through a browser
 Applet
• A small program embedded in Web pages
 Search Engines
 Search engines
 A search tool for the Web (like card catalogs in
libraries)
 E.g., Altavista http://www.altavista.digital.com
Excite http://www.excite.com
Galaxy http://www.einet.net
Hotbot http://www.hotbot.com
Infoseek http://www.infoseek.com
Lycos http://www.lycos.com
Webcrawler http://www.webcrawler.com
Yahoo! http://www.yahoo.com