Projectile loom

Integrated term project

Looms
• A loom is a device used to weave cloth. The
basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp
threads under tension to facilitate the
interweaving of the weft threads. The precise
shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary,
but the basic function is the same.
Classification of looms
(Based on weft insertion system)
Classification
(Based on number of phases)
Projectile loom
• The projectile weaving machine made its appearance in
the market at the beginning of the 50’s and is today still
used in the whole world.
• Thanks to its steady renovation and to the use of
advanced electronic systems as well as of
microprocessors for the supervision and the control of
the various devices
• this machine is characterized by a good productivity
level (450 rpm and 1050 m/min of inserted weft) and by
high operational reliability. It is established especially in
the field of machines with high reed width.
Projectile weaving
• Projectile weaving machines fulfill all of the
textile industry’s requirements in regard to
quality and performance.
• With projectile weft insertion virtually any yarn
can be woven.
• Cotton, wool, silk, mono- and multifilaments
and tapes
• As well as hard fibers like jute and linen, and
even metal
Projectile weaving
The robust, technologically mature engineering design
gives the textile industry the following advantages:
• low power consumption
• No material loss, by tucked-in selvedges
• Top reliability, functionality, and ease of operation
• Low servicing and maintainence costs
• Long term retention of value through upgradation
General Operation
• The weft insertion is carried out by small clamp
projectiles
• The projectiles works in a sequence, that is they
are launched in succession
• They run therefore one after the other,
describing in the space a continuous, endless
route, as if they would be stuck on a conveyor
belt.
General operation Cont…
• The first projectile takes and holds in its back the weft in
form of a tail then,
• pushed by the release of the projectile thrower, it passes
through the shed and deposits the weft inside the warp
• subsequently the projectile falls and is collected by a
device which, by passing under the array of the warp
threads, takes it at reduced speed back to the starting
point.
• Here the projectile goes up to take up a new weft
meanwhile the other projectiles have run after each
other making the same operation.
Weaving process
weft insertion mechanism
• The projectile is put in launching position; the
weft is hold at its end by the weft carrier and is
controlled by the weft tensioner ,
• The weft carrier gets open after the projectile
clamp has got hold of the end of the weft thread;
• The projectile is launched and crosses the shed
dragging with itself the weft, while the weft
tensioner and the weft brake operate in a way
as to minimize the stress on the yarn .
Contd..
• The thread is cut by the scissors on the launching
side, while the projectile 1 is placed in the
transport chain
• The weft is beaten by the reed, while the weft
carrier moves back to its initial position and the
weft tensioner opens further to recover the thread
piece and to keep it under tension. The projectile
is brought back to the launching zone
Passage of Projectile
• Through the channel of guide teeth
Main parts of Projectile loom
• Torsion bar(A)
• Picking Shaft(B)
• Picking lever(C)
• Picking Shoe(D)
• Picking shaft lever(E)
• Toggle plates(F)
• Picking cam(I)
• Oil break(L)
• 1. Torsion bar A: As shown in fig it has splinted
ends as seen in the fig one end is secured firmly at
the clamping flange with provision for adjusting
twisting angle.
• 2. Picking shaft B: The free end of the torsion bar
is linked with the picking shaft through spines.
• 3. Picking lever C: The picking lever is clamped
on the picking shaft.
• 4. Picking shoe D: The picking lever carries the
picking shoe at its top end.
• 5. Picking shaft lever E: It is a rigid part of the
picking shaft
•
• 6. Toggle plates F: The toggle plates center at o
carry a roller G and connected to the picking shaft
lever E through a link H .They are covered at the
bottom.
• 7. Picking cam I: It is mounted on a shaft J and
rotated by bevel wheels K once every pick. It
rotates in the direction of the arrow shown in fig.
It carries a roller R after the nose part.
• 8. Oil break L: The shock of the picking is taken
by the oil break.
Electronically controlled projectile
brake
• The present machines have the projectile brake
adjusted by a microprocessor, and this
permitted to increase the efficiency rate and to
reduce the maintenance costs.
• The electronically controlled brake has the
function of stopping the projectiles in the correct
position .
The braking mechanism works as follows

• the sensors detect the position of projectile inside

the collector mechanism and communicates it to a
microprocessor
• which, on the basis of the received information,
transmits a corresponding order to the stepping
magnet. This last operates on a wedge-shaped guide
element
• which by shifting the upper bracket lining , modifies
the braking intensity. The sensor controls instead
the timely arrival of the projectiles in the collector
mechanism.
Three braking cases are possible
A) Position I (normal projectile position): the control co-ordinates
S of sensors are covered by the projectile

B) Position II (projectile too far penetrated / insufficient braking):

the control co-ordinate S of sensor 1 is not covered;

C) Position III (projectile insufficiently penetrated / excessive

braking): the control coordinate S of sensor 2 is not covered.

• In the first case the microprocessor does not answer; in the

second and third case, it causes respectively the closing and
opening of the brake, thus controlling the number of steps
necessary to bring the projectile again to normal position.
Productivity table
Out of these
single phase
looms,the
projectile loom
is giving an
efficiency of
about 90 to 95
%
Energy consumption
• the projectile weaving machine features a low
energy requirement compared with the other
filling insertion systems.
• The reason is the inherent advantage of the
projectile insertion system compared to the
insertion systems of rapier and air jet weaving
machines, filling insertion by means of
projectiles features the least energy requirement.
• The masses to be moved for insertion by projectiles and
substantially smaller than those requires for rapier
insertion,
• and they are far more efficient than filling insertion with
the aid of compressed air.
Advantages of Projectile loom
• High labour and machine productivity due to high speed and wider
width of looms.
• Reduced labour cost due to higher allocation of looms and
productivity.
• Defect free cloth for longer length.
• Better environment due to low noise level.
• Less space requirement per metre of cloth.
• More colours in weft direction (upto 12) by Pick and Pick method.
• Wider width fabrics and multi width fabrics can be woven,
• High degree of flexibiligy to suit a wide range of fibres and counts.
• Easily adaptable for market trends.
• Less dependency on labour skill.
• Higher design capabilities dut to microprocessor and electronic
controls.
• Easy maintenance and less work load for Jobbers.
• Lesser accidents.
conclusion
• After understanding the need for modernization
and the technical merits of new weaving
technologies, the economics of different types of
looms has to be considered. Many people feel
that fastest running machines will give better
profitability. But in many cases the fastest
running machine is not the most economic and
cheapest one. Hence projectile looms are more
efficient in terms of productivity and
economically.
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