AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF

SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SUGARCANE
BAGASSE ASH
 ABSTRACT

 We are aware that a lot of damage is done to environment in the

manufacture of cement. It involves lot of carbon emission associated
with other chemicals.
 The researches has shown that every one ton of cement manufacture
releases half ton of carbon dioxide, so there is an immediate need to
control the usage of cement. On the hand materials wastes such as
Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is difficult to dispose which in return is
environmental Hazard.
 The Bagasse ash imparts high early strength to concrete and also
reduce the permeability of concrete. The Silica present in the Bagasse
ash reacts with components of cement during hydration and imparts
additional properties such as chloride resistance, corrosion resistance
etc.
 Therefore the use of Bagasse ash in concrete not only reduces the
environmental pollution but also enhances the properties of concrete
and also reduces the cost.
 It makes the concrete more durable. This project mainly deals with the
replacement of cement with Bagasse ash in fixed proportions and
analysing the effect on self compacting concrete.
 The concrete mix designed by varying the proportions of Bagasse ash
for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% the cubes are been casted and
cured in normal water.
 The test results indicate that compressive strength up to 10%
replacement in M20 concrete and 5% replacement in M30 concrete.
Introduction

 Self compacting concrete (SCC), which flows under its own weight and
completely fill the formwork, even in the presence of dense
reinforcement, without the need of any vibration, whilst maintaining
homogeneity.
 It is highly workable concrete that can flow under its own weight
through restricted sections without segregation and bleeding. Such
concrete should have a relatively low yield value to ensure high flow
ability, a moderate viscosity to resist segregation and bleeding, and
must maintain its homogeneity during transportation, placing and
curing to ensure adequate structural performance and long term
durability. The successful development of SCC must ensure a good
balance between deformability and stability.
Advantages of SCC

 The use of self-consolidating concrete can yield many advantages over

traditionally placed and compacted concrete.
 Saving of costs on machinery, energy, and labours related to consolidation of
concrete by eliminating it during concreting.
 High-level of quality control due to more sensitivity of moisture content of
ingredients and compatibility of chemical admixtures.
 High-quality finish, which is critical in architectural concrete, precast construction
as well as for cast-in-place concrete construction.
 Reduces the need for surface defects remedy (patching).
 Increases of the service life the molds/formwork.
 Promotes the development of a more rational concrete production.
 Industrialized production of concrete.
 Covers reinforcement effectively, thereby ensuring better quality
of cover for reinforcement bars.
 Reduction in the construction time by accelerating the construction
process.
 Improves the quality, durability, and reliability of concrete structures
due to better compaction and homogeneity of concrete.
 Easily placed in thin-walled elements or elements with limited
access.
 Ease of placement results in cost savings through reduced
equipment and labor requirement.
 Improves working environment at construction sites by reducing
noise pollution.
 Eliminate noises due to vibration; effective especially at precast
concrete products plants.
 Eliminates the need for hearing protection.
 Improves working conditions and productivity in construction industry.
 It can enable the concrete supplier to provide better consistency
in delivering concrete, thus reduces the need for interventions at the
plants or at the job sites.
 Provides opportunity for using high-volume of by-product materials
such as fly ash, quarry fines, blast furnace slag, limestone dust, and
other similar materials.
 Reduces the workers compensation premium due to the reduction in
chances of accidents.
Disadvantages of SCC:

 More stringent requirements on the selection of materials in comparison with normal

concrete.
 More precise measurement and monitoring of the constituent materials. An
uncontrolled variation of even 1% moisture content in the fine aggregate could have
a much bigger impact on the rheology of SCC.
 Requires more trial batches at laboratory as well as at ready-mixed concrete plants.
 Costlier than conventional concrete based on concrete material cost.
Acceptance criteria for Self-compacting concrete

Typical range of values

Sl no. Methods Unit
Minimum Maximum

1 Slump flow by Abrams cone mm 650 800

2 T50cm slump flow sec 2 5

3 J-ring mm 0 10

4 V-funnel sec 6 12

5 Time increase, V-funnel at T5minutes sec 0 +3

6 L-box (h2/h1) 0.8 1.0

7 U-box (h2-h1) 0 30

8 Fill-box % 90 100

9 GTM Screen stability test % 0 15

10 Orimet sec 0 5
Pozzolana: Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Sugarcane production in India is over 300 million tons/year that cause about 10 million tons
of SCBA as un-utilized and waste. The sugarcane bagasse consists of approximately 50% of
cellulose, 25% of hemicellulose and 25% of lignin. Each ton of sugarcane generates
approximately 26% of bagasse (at a moisture content of 50%) and
0.62% of residual ash.
The residue after combustion presents a chemical composition dominates by silicon dioxide
(SiO2). In spite of being a material of hard degradation and that presents few nutrients, the ash
is used on the farms as a fertilizer in the sugarcane harvests. Sugarcane bagasse ash is burnt at
the boiler temperatures for the production of electricity .In this sugarcane bagasse ash was
collected during the cleaning operation of a boiler.
Chemical requirements of a Pozzolana

SL
CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS REQUIREMENT
NO

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminium oxide (Al2O3)

1. 70.0
plus iron oxide (Fe2O3) percent by mass, Min

2 Silicon dioxide (SiO2), percent by mass, Min 35.0

3 Magnesium oxide (MgO), percent by mass, Max 5.0

Total sulphur as sulphur trioxide (SO3), percent by mass,

4 2.75
Max
Available alkalis as sodium oxide (Na2O), percent by mass,
5 1.5
Max

6 Loss on ignition, percent by mass, Max 12.0

Fresh concrete test results

Workability test results of M20 grade SCC

V-funnel at
Slump flow V-funnel L-box
Sl no Parameter T5 minutes
(mm) (sec) (h2/h1)
(sec)

1 M1 -0 660 15 12 0.81

2 MI- 5 675 13 11 0.85

3 M1-10 505 - - -

4 M1-15 435 - - -

5 M1-20 315 - - -
Workability test results of M30 grade SCC

V-funnel at
Slump flow V-funnel L-box
Sl no Parameter T5 minutes
(mm) (sec) (h2/h1)
(sec)
1 M2- 0 705 13 10 0.8
2 M2 -5 635 14 12 0.66
3 M2- 10 490 - - -
4 M2-15 380 - - -
5 M2-20 285 - - -
Compressive strength results of M20 grade at 7 days.

7 days curing period

Average
Compressive load, Compressive
Mix designation No of cubes Compressive
Unit weight, kgs tons strength, N/mm2
strength, N/mm2

8320 53 23.51
M1-0 3 8290 58 25.73
25.14
8100 61 26.18
8100 54 24.04
M1-5 3 8140 55 24.48
23.45
8090 49 21.82
7700 46 20.42
M1-10 3 7720 43 19.16
18.96
7690 39 17.31
7720 31 13.71
M1-15 3 7670 28 12.45
12.84
7710 27 12.35
7660 21 9.30
M1-20 3 7650 19 8.44
8.58
7630 18 8.00
Compressive strength results of M20 grade at 28 days.

28 days curing period

Average
No of Unit weight, Compressive load, Compressive
Mix designation Compressive strength,
cubes kgs tons strength, N/mm2
N/mm2
8350 70 31.1
M1-0 3 8250 69 30.6
30.63
8320 68 30.2
8050 76 33.70
M1-5 3 8080 78 34.61
33.88
8120 75 33.33
7800 64 28.42
M1-10 3 7680 63 28.00
27.84
7720 61 27.11
7760 44 19.55
M1-15 3 7710 46 20.44
19.70
7675 45 19.11
7400 43 18.12
M1-20 3 7350 41 18.28
17.92
7420 39 17.34
Split tensile strength results of M20 grade at 28 days

28 days curing period

Average Split
No of Unit weight, Compressive Split tensile
Mix designation tensile strength,
cubes kgs Load, tons strength, N/mm2
N/mm2
13000 23 3.25
M1-0 3 12975 22 3.11
3.06
12900 20 2.83
12500 19 2.68
M1-5 3 12550 18 2.54
2.63
12480 19 2.68
12200 16 2.26
M1-10 3 12175 15 2.12
2.17
12150 15 2.12
11750 14 1.98
M1-15 3 11710 15 2.12
2.05
11720 16 2.06
11650 11 1.55
M1-20 3 11580 10 1.42
1.74
11620 9 1.27
 Split tensile strength results of M30 grade at 28 days

28 days curing period

No of Unit weight,
Mix designation Compressive Average Split tensile
cubes kgs Split tensile strength, N/mm2
Load, tons strength, N/mm2

12950 24 3.40
M2-0 3 12960 25 3.53
3.35
12925 22 3.12
12650 19 2.69
M2-5 3 12625 20 2.83
2.83
12620 21 2.97
12500 17 2.41
M2-10 3 12450 18 2.54
2.45
12525 17 2.41

12150 11 1.56
M2-15 3 12100 12 1.70 1.65
12125 12 1.69

11900 11 1.52
M2-20 3 11875 10 1.42
1.35
11875 8 1.13
 Flexural strength results of M20 grade at 28 days.

28 days curing period

No of Crushing Flexural Average

Mix designation Unit weight,
cubes strength, N/mm2 Flexural strength, N/mm2
kgs
Load, KN
12120 14.00 2.1
M1-0 3 12050 13.50 2.02
2.02
12080 13.00 1.95
12000 12.5 1.87
M1-5 3 12020 12.5 1.87
1.90
12025 13.00 1.95
11150 11.00 1.65
M1-10 3 11180 10.50 1.57
1.58
11090 10.25 1.53
11040 10.50 1.57
M1-15 3 11070 10.00 1.50
1.51
11025 9.75 1.46
10990 9.00 1.35
M1-20 3 10950 8.00 1.20
1.23
10875 7.50 1.12
Flexural strength results of M30 grade at 28 days.

28 days curing period

Crushing Average
Mix designation No of cubes Unit weight, Flexural strength, N/mm2
Load, KN Flexural strength, N/mm2
kgs
12510 16.00 2.4
M2-0 3 12450 17.00 2.55
2.47
12400 16.50 2.47
12410 14.50 2.17
M2-5 3 12350 13.50 2.02
2.10
12320 10.00 2.1
12100 13.00 1.95
M2-10 3 12050 12.50 1.87
1.82
12020 11.00 1.65
11800 9.75 1.46
M2-15 3 11750 9.00 1.35
1.36
11690 8.50 1.27
11525 7.00 1.05
M2-20 3 11540 8.00 1.20
1.17
11480 7.50 1.27
M20 grade SCC beams with 0% bagasse ash

Beam no 1 Beam no 2 Beam no 3

Deflection Deflection Deflection
Load(KN) Load(KN) Load(KN)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
0 0 0 0
0 0
5 0.24 5 0.16
5 0.18
10 0.36 10 0.37
10 0.32
15 0.73 15 0.69
15 0.67
20 0.93 20 0.82
20 0.84
25 1.02 25 1.08
25 0.98
30 1.20 30 1.17
30 1.15
35 1.34 35 1.29
35 1.27
40 1.43 40 1.42
40 1.39
45 1.55 45 1.59
45 1.57
50 1.63 49.2* 1.72
47.5* 1.68
52* 1.75 50 1.92
50 1.70
55 2.21 55 2.36
55 2.06
60 3.10 60 3.66
60 3.80
65 4.30 65 4.42
65 4.21
70 5.94 70 5.97
70 6.92
75 7.60 75 7.42
73** 8.32
78** 9.94 75.5** 9.28
M20 grade SCC beams with 5% Bagasse ash
Beam no 1 Beam no 2 Beam no 3
Deflection Deflection Deflection
Load(KN) Load(KN) Load(KN)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0.10 5 0.12 5 0.18

10 0.95 10 1.10 10 1.21

15 1.35 15 1.39 15 1.46

20 1.58 20 1.60 20 1.67

25 2.19 25 2.28 25 2.17

30 2.56 30 2.45 30 2.39

35 2.69 35 2.76 35 2.65

40 2.93 40 2.99 40 2.85

45 3.09 45 3.31 45 3.18

50 3.63 50 3.53 50 3.46

55 3.79 55 3.82 55 3.73

59* 3.91 60 4.09 58* 3.82

60 4.12 61* 4.17 60 3.88

65 4.35 65 4.37 65 4.18

70 4.70 70 4.74 70 4.56

75 5.90 75 5.20 75 4.95

80 6.94 80 5.40 80 5.12

85 7.32 85 6.70 85 6.32

85.5** 8.11 88** 6.85 87** 7.87

M20 grade SCC beams with 10% Bagasse ash

Beam no 1 Beam no 2 Beam no 3

Deflection Deflection Deflection
Load(KN) Load(KN) Load(KN)
(mm) (mm) (mm)

0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0.08 5 0.12 5 0.14

10 0.15 10 0.18 10 0.16

15 0.20 15 0.22 15 0.25

20 0.41 20 0.35 20 0.33

25 0.64 25 0.65 25 0.56

30 1.05 30 0.96 30 0.89

34* 1.36 35 1.28 32* 1.42

35 1.52 37* 1.63 35 1.98

40 2.05 40 2.17 40 2.92

45 4.00 45 3.88 45 4.65

47.5** 5.23 48** 4.12 46** 6.06

CONCLUSION:

1. The workability of SCC containing Bagasse ash content increases which is

due to the higher water demand of SCBA compared to conventional SCC.
2. Higher replacement of cement of SCBA resulted in longer setting time of
SCC mix.
3. The density of concrete decreases with increase in SCBA content which
lead to light weight concrete with agro waste.
4. The results shows that SCBA blended in SCC has significantly
higher compressive strength upto 10% replacement in M20 concrete and 5%
replacement in M30 concrete. This shows that it is not suitable for higher
grades of concrete..
5. The split tensile and flexural strength of the concrete has decreased with addition
of SCBA.
6. It is not an abrasion resistant in the rupture point of view.
7. The loss of ignition obtained was 27%, this shows that SCBA contain appreciable
amount of unburnt carbon which reduces its pozzolanic activity.
8. Addition of SCBA as pozzolanic material will enhance the property of concrete,
reduces the cost of concrete production, reduces the problem of its disposal and
save the environment from the negative effects associated with the disposal of
SCBA.
9. From economic point of view, the percentage of cement replacement saves
money.
10. The possibility of developing low cost SCC using bagasse ash is feasible with
lower grades of concrete